E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Charaka Samhita

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2022 Volume 7 Number 7 Jan-Feb
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya of Charaka Samhita - A Critical Review

Sanagala P.1*, Anuradha K.2, Akshata.3, Benjarwad A.4
DOI:

1* Priyanka Sanagala, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravya Guna, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwar College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

2 K N Anuradha, Assistant Professor, Department of Dravya Guna, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwar College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

3 Akshata, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravya Guna, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwar College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

4 Ashwini Benjarwad, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwar College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya denotes group of ten drugs which acts on Chardi Roga. The term Chardi can be correlated with vomiting or emesis in modern medicine. It is a pathological condition which is different from therapeutic procedure of vomiting called Vamana Karma. Vomiting is described as forceful expulsion of contents of stomach through mouth and sometimes nose. Acharya Charaka has described Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya in Sutrasthana as 28th Gana of the 50 Mahakashaya Gana. On close observation it is known that plants of this group have specific Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka and Prabhava by which they act. This article is an attempt to describe the mode of action of Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya.

Keywords: Charaka Samhita, Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya, Nidana, Samprapti, Chikitsa

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Priyanka Sanagala, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravya Guna, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwar College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Priyanka Sanagala, K N Anuradha, Akshata, Ashwini Benjarwad, Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya of Charaka Samhita - A Critical Review. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(7):191-194.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1624

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2022-01-24 2022-01-26 2022-02-02 2022-02-09 2022-02-16
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© 2022by Priyanka Sanagala, K N Anuradha, Akshata, Ashwini Benjarwadand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022;7(7)191
Sanagala P. et al: Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya of Charaka Samhita - A Critical Review

Introduction

As it covers the mouth by bouts (of food etc.), causing discomfort by bending the body and Doshas coming out of the mouth it is called Chardi.[1]The drugs which have the ability to control the vomiting are called Chardi Nigrahana drugs. It includes ten medicinal plants i.e., Jambu Pallava, Amra Pallava, Matulunga, Badara, Dadima, Yava, Yastika, Ushira, Mrit, Laja which are effective against Chardi Roga.[2] Chardi is also mentioned as Adhaaraneeya Vega,[3] a natural urge not to be suppressed by the body. Chardi is an independent disease as well as symptom. The drugs mentioned under this group have Kashaya Rasa and Sheeta Veerya and are having the ability to pacify Pitta and Kapha Dosha.

Table 1: Nidana[4]

Aaharaja Vihaaraja
Atidrava Aahara Sevana Srama, Bhaya, Udvega
Atilavana Aahara Garbha Peedana
Ahrudya Bhojana Atisheeghra Bhojana
Atisnigdha Bhojana Bheebhatsaja
Akaala Bhojana  
Atimatra Bhojana  
Asaatmya Bhojana  

Table 2: Rupa

Dosha Lakshana
Vataja Phenila, Alpa, Parshwa And Nabhi Sula, Kashaya, Jeerne Adhika[11]
Pittaja Amla Vamana, Harita Peeta Sarakta Vamana, Pipasa, Jwara, Taalu Akshi Santapa, Vaktra Sosha[12]
Kaphaja Kapha Praseka, Prabhuta, Abhakte Ruk, Santosha (Relief After Vomiting), Madhura Sukla Vamana[13]
Tridoshaja Prasakta Trishna, Vin Mutrayoho Tat, Prasakta Shwasa, Prasakta Hikka, Ativega, Dushta Chardi[14]
Dwistardaja Dwishta, Prateepa, Puti, Amedhya, Ashuchi, Beebhatsa[15]

Samprapti

Doshanudeerayan Vruddhan Udano Vyana Sanghataha I

Urdhwamaagachati Bhrusham Viruddhahara Sevanat II

Due to above said causative factors, the Vyana Vata in association of Udana Vata is vitiated in an individual, who is already in habit of consuming Viruddhaahara, the aggravated Vata Dosha brings the contents of stomach and intestine upwards with great speed and ejects through the mouth.[5]

Poorvarupa

  1. Hrudaya Utklesha[6] (feeling discomfort in the region of heart)
  2. Kapha Praseka [7] (excessive salivation)
  3. Udgara Rodha [8] (obstruction to belchings)
  4. Ashana Dwesha [9] (aversion or lack of interest in food)
  5. Tanu, Lavana Srava [10] (thin, salty secretions in the mouth)

Table 3: List of Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya [2,16-19]

SN Name Botanical Name Family Useful Part
1. Jambu Eugenia jambolana Lam Myrtaceae Tender leaves
2. Amra Mangifera indica Linn. Anacardiaceae Tender leaves
3. Matulunga Citrus medica Linn. Rutaceae Fruit / Tender leaves
4. Badara Zizyphus jujuba Mill & Lamk. Rhamnaceae Fruit / Tender leaves
5. Dadima Punica granatum Linn. Punicaceae Fruit / Tender leaves
6. Yava Hordeum vulgare Poaceae Seeds
7. Yastika Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Papilionaceae Roots
8. Ushira Vetiveria zizanioides Linn. Poaceae Roots
9. Mrit Mud - -
10. Laja Parched grains - -

Table 4: List of Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya Rasapanchaka and Karma [2],[16-19]

Name Rasa Guna Veerya Vipaka Dosha Karma
Jambu Kashaya, Madhura Laghu, Ruksha Sheeta Katu Kapha Pitta Samaka
Amra Kashaya, Amla Laghu, Ruksha Sheeta Katu Kapha Pitta Samaka
Matulunga Madhura, Amla Laghu, Snigdha Sheeta Madhura Vata Kapha Samaka
Badara Madhura, Amla, Kashaya Picchila, Guru, Snigdha Sheeta Madhura Vata Pitta Samaka
Dadima Madhura, Kashaya, Amla Laghu, Snigdha Anushna Madhura Tridosha Samaka
Yava Kashaya, Madhura Guru Sheeta Katu Pitta Kapha Samaka
Yastika Madhura Guru, Snigdha Sheeta Madhura Vata Pitta Samaka
Ushira Tikta, Madhura Laghu, Snigdha Sheeta Madhura Vata Pitta Samaka
Mrit          
Laja          

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022;7(7)192
Sanagala P. et al: Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya of Charaka Samhita - A Critical Review

Amayika Prayoga

  1. One should take cooled decoction of tender leaves of Jambu and Amra mixed with honey[20]
  2. Powder of Jambu and Badara Beeja is indicated in Chardi caused by Kapha[21]
  3. Leaves and root of Bijapura, Amra, Jambu are cooked by closed heating. Intake of juice with honey alleviates severe vomiting[22]
  4. Matulunga juice mixed with parched paddy, sugar, honey, Pippali powder is best remedy in Chardi[23]
  5. Ushira should be mixed with Hrivera and taken followed by intake of rice water[24]

Discussion

In Chardi, Tridoshas of the body get vitiated but according to its Doshaja Bheda, a particular Dosha is mainly vitiated. Most of the drugs like Jambu, Matulunga, Badara, Dadima, Yava, Yastika, Ushira has Madhura Rasa and Kashaya Rasa, Madhura is predominant of Prithvi and ap Mahabhuta which are Adhobhagahara, Kashaya Rasa has Stambhana Karma.[25] Snigdha, Guru Guna Dravyas are indicated in Vataja Chardi. Laghu Guna has Langhana Karma[26] so, it helps in digestion of Aama. Drugs with Seeta Veerya also possess Stambhana Karma,[27] indicated in Trishna, Murcha and Daha associated with Chardi. Katu Vipaka Dravyas are indicated in Pittaja and Kapha Chardi whereas Madhura Vipaka Dravyas are indicated in Vataja Chardi. Among the drugs explained, mud is also accepted to be good source to control Chardi and is in practice since several centuries. All types of Chardi are treated according to their Dosha predominance and the drugs used for the treatment should have the Rasapanchaka opposite to Dosha vitiated in a particular disease.

Conclusion

From the above study we can conclude that Chardi Roga is Tridoshaja but are classified and treated according to their Doshaja predominance. Acharya Charaka has mentioned Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya in Sutrasthana 4th chapter. It includes group of ten drugs which have the ability to control vomiting. They can be used in single form or in combinations based on the predominance of Dosha.

Reference

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  2. Sharma R K and vd. Bhagwan dash, English translation on charaka samhitha, sutrasthana, sadvirechanasatasritiya, Ch. 4, Ver. 13, Varanasi, chaukhambha Sanskrit series office, 2004, P. 95
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  7. Sharma R K and vd. Bhagwan dash, English translation on charaka samhitha, chikitsa sthana, chikitsa of chardi, Ch. 20, Ver. 6, Varanasi, chaukhambha Sanskrit series office, 2012, P. 244
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Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022;7(7)193
Sanagala P. et al: Chardi Nigrahana Mahakashaya of Charaka Samhita - A Critical Review
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