Concept of Swabhavparamvada in Ayurveda and its practical applicability

Pradnya Wankhade; Brijesh Mishra; Harish Purohit

Concept of Swabhavparamvada in Ayurveda and its practical applicability

Wankhade P.^1*, Mishra B.², Purohit H.³

DOI:

^1* Pradnya Wankhade, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of Samhita & Siddhant, Shri Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

² Brijesh Mishra, Professor & H.O.D, Dept. of Samhita & Siddhant, Shri Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

³ Harish Purohit, Associate Professor & Guide, Shri Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Ayurveda is based on many basic principles. It is also a philosophical science, having a scientific view. Though Ayurveda is ancient science, it’s principles are still applicable in today’s world. Swabhavparamvada is one of the most important concepts mentioned in Charak Samhita. There is need of deep study of this concept owing to its practical aspect and co-rrelate its importance as well as use in modern era with special reference to treatment.

Keywords: Swabhavparamvada, Ayurveda, Philosophy, Theory of Natural Destruction

Corresponding Author	How to Cite this Article	To Browse
Pradnya Wankhade, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of Samhita & Siddhant, Shri Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Email:	Pradnya Wankhade, Brijesh Mishra, Harish Purohit, Concept of Swabhavparamvada in Ayurveda and its practical applicability. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(1):205-207. Available From https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1717

Introduction

The Vadas are the main concept of Darshan Shastra. Swabhavparam Vada is mentioned in Ayurveda Shastra mainly Charak Samhita. It is co-rrelated with Kshan-Bhangur Vada of Buddha. Swabhavparamvada is mainly related with treatment. Swabhavparamvada in short can be correlated to Natural Destruction. Due to Natural destruction, disease will cure by its own after a specific time period. Finally, Dhatusamyata is achieved. This is occurred only by Nidanparivarjana i.e., avoiding disease causing factors.

As Ayurveda is evidence-based science. To prove this concept, there is need of experimentation in the form of researches. By those studies, the depth of conceptual understanding of Swabhavparamvada and its use in clinical practice will come in front of this modern world.

Methodology

All available classical literature, Samhitas and commentaries are complied.
This compiled data is well studied and discussed for deep understanding the meaning and use of Swabhavparamvada.

Review of Literature

Swabhavparamvada

In Charak Samhita, Sutrasthan, Chikitsa Prabhrutiya Adhyaya 16^th Swabhavparamvada is mentioned in terms of Natural Destruction.

Swabhav means Prakriti i.e., Nature.

Uparam means Vinash i.e., Destruction.

Vada means Charcha i.e. Discussion

The factors which produce Dhatu’s, if there is disturbance in equilibrium of these factors, Dhatu Vishamata or Dhatu Asamyata occurs. If these factors remain in normal or equilibrium state, Dhatu Samyata is produced.^[1]

But there is no reason behind the destruction of these Dhatu’s.^[2] as we say, there is reason behind Dhatu production and maintenance.

Chakrapanidatta mentioned that Dhatu’s/ body content’s production, maintenance, destruction is a continuous process. They also told that production

is having reason but destruction is a natural process.^[3,4]

Acharya Sushrut also accepts this concept indirectly in Swabhavik Vyadhi i.e., Jara, Mrutyu are the things occurred without reason. These occurs due to Swabhav of Kaal, no one could avoid this.^[5,6]So, conclusion is destruction is natural phenomenon.

For example: Flame of a lamp require a reason i.e., oil etc. for its continuance but does not need any reason for its extinction which is a natural process.

Time is continuously going on, it is automatically changing and destroying on its own.

In the formation of Ras-Raktadi Dhatu, Aahar Ras is a reason but destruction of these Dhatus, no reason behind it. Because it’s their own nature. Thus, disturbance in Aahar Sevan, results in Dhatuvishamata.

In terms of Disease, when there is disturbance in equilibrium of Doshas it leads to disease.

For example: If there is Vatavruddhi in any patient, we prefer Vatashamak Rasa i.e., Madhur, Amla, Lavana. But these Rasa are Kaphawardhak basically, after increasing Kapha Dosha, Vatashaman is achieved naturally. As Guna of Vatdosha i.e., Laghu and Ruksha are destroyed by Guna of Kapha Dosha i.e., Guru and Snigdha.

Treatment

According to Ayurveda, treatment is not the destruction of any disease or destruction of disease causing factors but it is the process by which Dhatu Samyata is achieved by avoiding disease causing factors and adopting health maintaining and improving factors. By this, Dhatu Samyata is achieved.^[7]

Thus, Chakrapanidatta explained that Samyata and Vishamata of Dhatu [i.e., body contents] have reason, but for their destruction there is no reason.

According to Swabhavparamvad, Dhatusamyata is occurred naturally then what is use of treatment, this question was arised in mind of Agnivesha, Acharya Punarvasu gave explanation about that when equilibrium of Dhatu is disturbed it is not corrected by treatment on Doshas as it is corrected by it’s own i.e. avoiding reason and adopting factors for maintainance of equilibrium of Doshas.

Dhatu Vishmata produces again Dhatuvishamata. Treatment is only to break the chain of Dhatu Vishmata . It is the need of treatment.^[8]

Practical Aspect

Practical application of Swabhavparamvada

The aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of healthy individual and to cure the disease of patients.^[9]

The main aim of Ayurveda is to maintain equilibrium of Dhatu’s i.e., Dhatu Samyata.^[10] By this both the goals that is maintaining health of healthy individual and curing disease of patients will achieved. Because Dhatu Samyata is Health and Dhatu Vishmata is Disease.

Ayurveda accepts process of Dhatu Samya Kriya, by this destruction of disease is occurred on its own i.e., Swabhavparamvad

E.g., when there is viral or bacterial infection in body, these infectious factors can be destroyed by 2 ways.^[11]

Antibiotics
Bacteriostatis

Ayurveda accepts the 2^nd way of destruction, due to this, infectious factors are destroyed by its own nature.

Such as In Plague at 55^°F, Viruses survive and increase in numbers, and at 85^°F or more, viruses are destroyed.

If there is decrease in digestive fire of human body, viruses increase in number. In such condition we should concentrate on increasing digestive fire so viruses will destroy.

Discussion

In Ayurveda, Srishti Utpatti is also based on Swabhavparamvada, as for Srishti Utpatti there is reason, but there is no reason for destruction or Pralaya of Srishti, it is come to know us after discussing it as below;

In Srushti Utpatti from Ayakta → Buddhi → Ahankar → Panchmahabhut.

Formation of Buddhi, there is reason i.e. Avykta. Ahankar have reason of Buddhi and for Panchmahabhut, there is reason of Ahankar

. But destruction of Panchmahabhut, there is no reason. Thus, Swabhavparamvad is correlated with Srishti Utpatti.

Half-life period of an element - The interval of time required for one half of the atomic nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay, it is a natural destruction i.e., Swabhavparamvada.

Conclusion

After studying and discussing the Swabhavparamvada by literary and is practical aspect, we come to the conclusion that one should know the causative factors which are responsible for any disease. By avoiding these factors, we can start treatment of disease as Nidana Parivarjana is first step towards the treatment. And adopting the healthy diet and exercise, so the chain of pathogenesis will break. So, by accepting this concept, natural destruction of disease (pathogenesis) is done. Thus, this concept is most useful in treatment.

Reference

Acharya Agnivesha, Charak Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Varanasi, Reprint edition -2005, Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Puvardha, Sutrasthan, 16/27, pg.no. 252 -253.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charak Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Varanasi, Reprint edition -2005, Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Puvardha, Sutrasthan, 16/28, pg.no. 253.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charak Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varansi, Reprint edition -2017, Ayurved Dipika commentary Chakrapanidatta, Edited by Vd. Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Sutrasthan, 16/27-38, pg.no. 97 -98.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charak Samhita, Chaukhamba Publication, Varanasi, Reprint edition -2018, Ayurved Dipika commentary by Chakrapanidatta, Edited by Dr. Ram Karan Sharma, Vd. Bhagwan Dash, Sutrasthan, 16/27-38, pg.no. 305 to 308.
Sushruta Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint edition -2019, Nibandhsangraha commentary

by Dalhana, Edited by Vd. Yadavji Trikamji Aacharya, Sutrasthan , 1/25, pg.no.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charak Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan , Varanasi, Reprint edition -2017, Ayurved Dipika commentary by Chakrapanidatta, Edited by Vd. Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Sharirsthan, 1/115, pg.no. 298.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charak Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Varanasi, Reprint edition -2005, Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Puvardha, Sutrasthan, 16/34,35,36, pg.no. 254.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charak Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Varanasi, Reprint edition -2005, Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Puvardha, Sutrasthan, 16/32,33, pg.no. 253-254.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charak Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Varanasi, Reprint edition -2005, Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Puvardha, Sutrasthan, 30/26 38, pg.no. 447.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charak Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Varanasi, Reprint edition -2005, Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Puvardha, Sutrasthan, 1/53 38, pg.no. 25.
Dr.Lakshmidhar Dwivedi, Ayurved ke Mul Siddhanta evam Unaki Upadeyata, Vol –II, Krishnadas Academy , Chaukhamba, Varanasi, Edi.- First 2000, Adhyaya 1, pg.no. 17 to 26.

Manuscript Received	Review Round 1	Review Round 2	Review Round 3	Accepted
2022-01-22	2022-01-24	2022-01-31	2022-02-07	2022-02-13
Conflict of Interest	Funding	Ethical Approval	Plagiarism X-checker	Note
Nil	Nil	Yes	19%

Review Article

Swabhavparamvada

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences