E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Visha

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2022 Volume 7 Number 5 June
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Kottam Ramachadi Agada in Lootha Visha Chikitsa - A Review

Joseph E.1*, Shrinidhi R.2, Hebbar C.3
DOI:

1* Enosh Manu Joseph, 2nd year Post graduate scholar, Department of Post Graduate studies in Agada Tantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

2 R Shrinidhi, Associate Professor, Department of Post Graduate studies in Agada Tantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

3 Chaithra Hebbar, H.O.D, Department of Post Graduate studies in Agada Tantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

Folklore Visha Vaidhyas have explained numerous Agada Yogas which can be given in Visha conditions. Kottam Ramachadi Agada being one among the Yogas, it has been explained in the context of Lootha Visha Chikitsa. This formulation is mentioned in Prayoga Samuchayam by Kochunni Thamburan in the context of Lootha Visha Chikitsa. It has four ingredients and is administered as Pana (internal administration) with milk as Anupana and as Lepa (external application). Lepana (external application) is widely practiced among folklore Visha Vaidhyas even in this present era. This paper is an attempt to make a review on the formulation Kottam Ramachadi Agada.

Keywords: Visha, folklore Visha Vaidhyas, Lootha Visha, Kottam Ramachadi Agada

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Enosh Manu Joseph, 2nd year Post graduate scholar, Department of Post Graduate studies in Agada Tantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Enosh Manu Joseph, R Shrinidhi, Chaithra Hebbar, Kottam Ramachadi Agada in Lootha Visha Chikitsa - A Review. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(5):100-104.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1828

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2022-04-30 2022-05-02 2022-05-09 2022-05-16 2022-05-22
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 18%

© 2022by Enosh Manu Joseph, R Shrinidhi, Chaithra Hebbarand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

Visha is explained as the object which causes Vishada on the body both physically and mentally. Acharyas have divided Visha into two main types; Sthavara (plant origin) and Janagma (animal origin). Folklore Visha Vaidhyas have explained numerous Yogas, which can be given in both Jangama and Sthavara Visha conditions. Kottam Ramachadi Agada is one among them. This formulation is explained in the context of Lootha Visha Chikitsa in Prayoga Samuchayam by Kochunni Thamburan.[1]

This Agada is still practiced folklore Vaidhyas of Kerala in treating Lootha Visha. It has four ingredients and it is mentioned in Prayoga Samuchayam, chapter 8, Lootha Visha Chikitsa. This review work explains about ingredients, method preparation, uses and utility of Kottam Ramachadi Agada.

Review of Literature

Name of Yoga: Kottam Ramachadi Agada

The reference of Yoga can be found out in chapter 8 - Lootha Visha Chikitsa in Prayoga Samuchayam by Kochunni Thamburan.[1] Total four ingredients are mentioned for preparation of this Yoga. The mode of administration is explained as Pana (internal administration) with milk as Anupana and Lepa (external application).

Table 1: Ingredients of Kottam Ramachadi Agada and Botanical Name 

Drug Botanical Name Family
Kottam[2] Saussurea lappa Asteraceae
Ramacham[3] Vetivera zizanioidas Graminae
Neeli[4] Indigofera tinctoria Fabaceae
Chandanam[5] Sandalaum album Santaaceae

Lootha Visha: Lootha Visha is mentioned in detail all Samhita’s and even in regional texts there is mentioning about it.

Types

Based on Dosha Prakopa[14]

  • Vayavya
  • Agneya
  • Soumya
  • Mishra

Based on Visha Prabhava[15]

  • Teekshna
  • Madhyama
  • Manda

Based on Sadhyasadhyatha[16]

  • Krurchasadhya
  • Asadhya

Samanya Laskhnas - General Signs and Symptoms[17]

  • Dadru Mandala - appearance of round rash having the colors and texture as;
  • White
  • Mild red
  • Yellow
  • Blue
  • Soft and raised up
  • Madhya Krishna Avadha - the center is either black or blue
  • Shyva Payentha Jalakaavrutha - resembling a net at its ridges
  • Visarpa - rashes
  • Sopha - inflammation
  • Bahuvedhana - severe pain
  • Jwara - fever
  • Paka - burning sensation
  • Vikhedha - exudation
  • Kotha - puritifcation of tissues
  • Khedhanayath Sprasathyanga ­- pus comes out of the wound
  • Vrana - ulcer formation

Method of preparation

Prayoga Samuchayam explains the preparation of Kottam Ramchadi Agada as; all the ingredients is taken equal quantity and made into Choorna (powder) form and stored. The mode of administration is Pana and Lepa. In the present era Lepa is more used when compared to Pana of this Agada Yoga.

This Choorna is taken and mixed with luke warm water as applied as Lepa on and around the bite site.


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Table 2: Kottam Ramachadi Agada ingredients and properties


Drug Rasa Guna Virya Vipaka Karma
Kottam[2][6][7] Tikta, Katu, Madura Laghu, Rooksha, Teekshna Ushna Katu Kaphahara, Vatahara, Visarpa, Kasaghna, KushtaghnaHikkahara, Jwarahara Sophahara
Ramacham[3][8][9] Tikta, Madhura Rooksha, Laghu Sheetha Katu Vatapittahara, Pacahana, Jwaraghna, Vishaghna, KushtaghnaSthambanam, Granthinashanam
Neeli[4][10][11] Tikta Laghu, Rooksha Ushna Katu Kaphavatahara, Vishaghna, Jwaraghna, Krimighna Sophahara
Chandanam[5][12][13] Tikta, Madhura Laghu, Rooksha Sheetha Katu Kaphapittahara, Raktaprasadhanam, Dahahara, Vishaghna, Krimighna Sophahara

Table 3: Lootha Visha Lakshna according to Doshas


Vata Pitta Kapha
Daha - burning sensation Kadina Sopha - hard swelling Paruksha Sopha - swelling is rough
Trut - thrist Pandu - swelling will be white Shyava - blue discoloration
Shpoda - formation of vesicles Kandu - itching Pravabhedhathiruk - ­pain in joints
Jwara - fever Ruk - pain -


jaims_1828_01.JPG

Diagram 1: Analysis of Rasa (taste) of ingredients Of Kottam Ramachadi Agada

jaims_1828_02.JPG

Diagram 2: Analysis of Guna (properties) of ingredients of Kottam Ramachadi Agada

jaims_1828_03.JPG

Diagram 3: Analysis of Virya (potency) of ingredients of Kottam Ramachadi Agada

jaims_1828_04.JPG

Diagram 4: Analysis of Vipaka of ingredients of Kottam Ramachadi Agada




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Discussion

Kottam Ramachadi Agada is widely used formulation among folklore Visha Vaidhyas in Lootha Visha. The action of the formulation can be explained as;

Action on Dosha and that helps in reducing symptoms related to that specific Dosha as mention in table - 3

  • 50% of Dravyas have Tikta Rasa, 38% have Katu Rasa and 12% have Madhura Rasa, because of this different concentration of Rasas, Pitta and Vata Dosha will get pacified.
  • 43% of Dravyas have Rooskha Guna, 42% have Laghu Guna and 15% have Teekshna Guna, because of this the medicine spreads more easily in the body.
  • Virya of the Dravyas are in 50% equal for Ushna and Sheeta, so the pacification of Pitta and Kapha Dosha.
  • All the Dravyas have Katu Vipaka which helps in pacification of Kapha Dosha.
  • 90% of Dravyas are having Kaphahara property in them.

According to the signs and symptoms in Lootha Visha, the majority of them are;

  • Jwara - Fever
  • Daha - Burning Sensation
  • Sopha - Inflammation
  • Ruk - Pain

In this Agada we can see

  • 90% of Dravyas have Vishaghna property in them.
  • 50% of Dravyas have Kushtaghna property in them
  • 90% of Dravyas have Jwaraghna property in them.

50% of Dravyas have Dahahara property in them.

Conclusion

The number of Lootha Visha - spider envenomation is more common when compared to other poisonous insects. The significance of this Agada Yoga is in the availability of the ingredients. The four ingredients mentioned in Kottam Ramachadi Agada, is easily available in the normal surroundings.

Along with this the properties of Dravyas also contribute to the wide usage of this Agada Yoga. Mode of administration of this Yoga is more practicable in acute cases. Due to this qualities Kottam Ramachadi Agada mentioned in Prayoga Samuchayam by Kochunni Thamburam is widely practiced among folklore Visha Vaidhyas. Further detailed information can be found out through proper clinical research works.

Reference

1. Kochunni thamburan, Prayoga samuchayam, Thrissur, Kerala: Sulabha books; astama parichedam, p-227.

2. Hedge Prakash L, A Harini, A Textbook of Dravyaguna Vijnana volume 2, New Delhi: Chaukanba publications, p-525.

3. Hedge Prakash L, A Harini, A Textbook of Dravyaguna Vijnana volume 2, New Delhi: Chaukanba publications, p-843.

4. Hedge Prakash L, A Harini, A Textbook of Dravyaguna Vijnana volume 3, New Delhi: Chaukanba publications, p-533.

5. Hedge Prakash L, A Harini, A Textbook of Dravyaguna Vijnana volume 2, New Delhi: Chaukanba publications, p-212.

6. Bhavapraksha Nighantu with commentary and edited by Dr. Amritpal Singh, Chaukambha orientalia. Varanasi first edition 2007, sloka no;164; p-32.

7. Dhanwanthari Nighantu with commentary and edited by Dr. S.D Kamat; Chaukambha Surbharati Prakaham; Varanasi; 2nd edition 1996, sloka no; 48-49; p-218-219.

8. Bhavapraksha Nighantu with commentary and edited by Dr. Amritpal Singh, Chaukambha orientalia. Varanasi first edition 2007, sloka no; 77-78; p-64-65.

9. Dhanwanthari Nighantu with commentary and edited by Dr. S.D Kamat; Chaukambha Surbharati Prakaham; Varanasi; 2nd edition 1996, sloka no; 13-15; p-198.

10. Bhavapraksha Nighantu with commentary and edited by Dr. Amritpal Singh, Chaukambha orientalia. Varanasi first edition 2007, sloka no; 201-202; p-114.


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11. Dhanwanthari Nighantu with commentary and edited by Dr. S.D Kamat; Chaukambha Surbharati Prakaham; Varanasi; 2nd edition 1996, sloka no;237-238 ; p-87.

12. Bhavapraksha Nighantu with commentary and edited by Dr. Amritpal Singh, Chaukambha orientalia. Varanasi first edition 2007, sloka no; 11-13; p-51-52.

13. Dhanwanthari Nighantu with commentary and edited by Dr. Dr. S.D Kamat; Chaukambha Surbharati Prakaham; Varanasi; 2nd edition 1996, sloka no; 2-3; p-191.

14. Murthy KRS,editor. English translation on Astanga samgraha of vagbhata. Reprinted edition. vol-3. Uttarasthana; luta visa prathisheda: 44, verus no 6-10. Varanasi: Chaukamba orientalia, 2009; p-416.

15. Murthy KRS, editor. English translation on Astanga samgraha of vagbhata. Reprinted edition. vol-3. Uttarasthana; luta visa prathisheda: 44, verus no 5. Varanasi: Chaukamba orientalia, 2009; p-416.

16. Murthy KRS,editor. English translation on Susrutha samhitha with Dalhanaacharya. First edition. Kalpa sthana. Sarpa dasta visa chikitsita kalpa : 8, verus no 94. Varanasi: Chaukamba orientalia; 2010; p-493.

17. Murthy KRS,editor. English translation on Astanga samgraha of vagbhata. Reprinted edition. vol-3. Uttarasthana; luta visa prathisheda: 44, verus no 12-14. Varanasi: Chaukamba orientalia, 2009; p-417.


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