E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Udarda

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2022 Volume 7 Number 5 June
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

A review on role of Udardaprashamana Gana on Udarda (urticaria)

Parkanthe A.1*, Purohit H.2, Mishra B.3
DOI:

1* Ashwini R. Parkanthe, Post Graduate Scholar, Post Graduate Department of Basic Principle of Ayurveda and Samhita, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

2 Harish J. Purohit, Associate Professor and Guide, Post Graduate Department of Basic Principle of Ayurveda and Samhita, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

3 Brijesh Mishra, Professor, HOD & Vice Principal, Post Graduate Department of Basic Principle of Ayurveda and Samhita, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Skin disorders are the most common health problems among people. It affects more than 60% of the general population it may cause emotional and psychological stress to the patients and their family. Most common skin common skin complaints are dermatitis, eczema, acne, urticaria, psoriasis, skin allergy etc. which require long term medication. Skin diseases are neglected in health care probably due to the fact that majority of them not associated with mortality. However, morbidity caused by these problems is neither realized fully nor taken much seriously even by the health care administrators, who have other competing priorities in the public front. Udarda (Urticaria) is such a disease which have diverse and complicated mechanism a combination of medications is commonly used. Though modern medicine can provide temporary symptomatic relief, it cannot cure it permanently so, patients have to take medicine for long time, which may be having unwanted effects. As a result, exploration of alternative therapies with more favourable safety profiles is needed. Ayurveda can provide permanent cure for it. In Charak Samhita under Bheshaja Chatushka Shadvirechanshratashitiya Adhyaya, while enumerating fifty Mahakashaya, Udardaprashamana is mentioned. It contains ten drugs acting on Udarda.

Keywords: Udarda, Urticaria, Udardaprashamana Gana, Ayurveda

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Ashwini R. Parkanthe, Post Graduate Scholar, Post Graduate Department of Basic Principle of Ayurveda and Samhita, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Email: 		Ashwini R. Parkanthe, Harish J. Purohit, Brijesh Mishra, A review on role of Udardaprashamana Gana on Udarda (urticaria). J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(5):96-99.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1889

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2022-05-02 2022-05-03 2022-05-10 2022-05-17 2022-05-24
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 17%

© 2022by Ashwini R. Parkanthe, Harish J. Purohit, Brijesh Mishraand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022;7(5)96
Parkanthe A et al: Role of Udardaprashamana Gana on Udarda (urticaria)

Introduction

“Ayurveda” is an ancient holistic healing system that originated in India. It is Sub-Veda of Atharvaveda. The word Ayurveda is derived from two Sanskrit words “Ayu” means life & “Veda” means science. The aim of Ayurveda is to maintain health and make every person free from disease. It teaches us about the principles and lifestyle specifications which are good (Hita) and bad (Ahita) for four different types of Ayus i.e., Hitayu, Ahitayu, Sukhayu & Dukhayu which are related to disease or different conditions of healthy life.[1]

According to Ayurveda health is that whose Doshas, Agni and functions of Dhatu and Malas are in the state of equilibrium and who has happy mind, intellect and senses is called as “Swastha” (healthy)[2] for keeping an individual healthy there are some Ayurvedic regimen such as Dincharya, Ritucharya, etc. But in the present era an individual has to face lots of difficulties in the following Dincharya (Daily regimen) and Ritucharya (Seasonal regimen) mentioned in Ayurveda. Due to over industrialization and changing lifestyle, one is constantly exposed to various pollutants. The increased use of junk food and Virudhahara eventually leads to Dhatudaurbalya which causes sensitization to allergens and causes various allergic disorders like Udarda (Urticaria).

Udarda as described in Ayurvedic text is a disorder characterised by inflammatory lesions like Vartidansha (wasp sting) and may be associated with Kandu (Itching), Toda (pricking sensation), Daha (burning sensation), Vaman (vomiting), or Jwara (fever).[3] It is Tridoshaj disorder in which Pitta and Kapha predominates. The description of these Udarda, Sheetpitta, and Kotha, these disorders is almost similar in Brihatrayee but some different characters and different causative factors. Udarda and Sheetpitta are synonyms of each other described by Acharaya Madhavkara. He quoted that Sheetpitta having Vaat dominance and of in Udarda Kapha Dosha is predominant and the lesions formed are depressed in the centre [4] while Kotha is mainly due to the Ayoga or Mithyayoga of Vaman.[5]

The characteristics of Udarda described in Ayurveda can be clinically correlated with Urticaria which is an allergic disorder. Urticaria is a dermal vascular reaction of skin characterised by the appearance of itchy wheal which are

elevated, pale or erythematous, transient and evanescent plaque lesions. Urticaria of less than 6 weeks is called acute urticaria while more than 6 weeks duration is called as chronic urticaria. Main causes include autoimmune allergens (In food, inhalants & injections) drugs, contacts (e.g., animals, saliva, latex), physical (e.g., heat, cold, water, sun, pressure) infections (viral hepatitis, infection mononucleosis, HIV) Idiopathic.[6] Autoimmune pathogenesis is one of the most common cause of chronic urticaria. It is due to production of self-reacting antibodies. That cross link the IgE receptors on mast cells with subsequent mast cells granulations.

Because of these diverse and complicated disease mechanisms a combination of medication is commonly used. Antihistamines, corticosteroids and leukotriene antagonists are commonly used for the treatment of urticaria. Though modern medicine can provide temporary symptomatic relief, it cannot cure it permanently so, patients have to take medicines for long time, which may be having some unwanted effects. As a result, exploration of alternatives therapies with more favourable safety profiles is needed. Ayurveda can provide permanent cure for it.

In Charak Samhita under Bheshaja Chatushka Shadavirechaniyasatashatiya Adhyaya, while enumerating fifty Mahakashaya, Udardaprashamana is mentioned. It contain ten drugs acting on Udarda. As a Udarda having predominance of Kapha and Pitta so a Kaphapittahara Dravya which act on Udarda & mentioned in Udardprashamana Dashemani.

Aim and Objectives

1. To study the Efficacy of Udardaprashamana gana on Udarda (Urticaria).

2. To understand the mode of action of Udardaprashamana gan on Udarda.

Materials and Methods

Materials

1. Review of Udarda from Madhavanidan & Charak Samhita and various textbook.

2. Review of Udardaprashamana drugs from Charak Samhita, Bhavprakash Nighantu.



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Methods

1. Nidana (etiology), Poorvaroopa (prodromal symptoms), Rupa (symptoms) of Udarda Vyadhi was studied.

2. Properties and Karmukta (action) of Udardaprashamana Gana was studied.

3. Collection of all the references was done and correlation between data was done logically i.e., by using Yukti Pramana (logical inference).

Observations

In Literary review we observed following observations:

Udarda

Nirukti : According to Vachaspatya Nirukti of Udarda is as follows

उदर्द:, पुं (उदर्दति पीड्यतीति)

उत् + अर्द + अच |

Udarda as described in Ayurvedic text is a disorder characterised by inflammatory lesions like Vartidansha (wasp sting) and may be associated with Kandu (Itiching), Toda (pricking sensation), Daha (burning sensation), Vamana (vomiting), or Jwara (fever). It is Tridoshaj disorder in which Pitta and Kapha predominates. The description of these Udarda, Sheetpitta and Kotha these disorders is almost similar in Brihatrayee, but some different characters and different causative factors. Udarda and Sheetpitta are synonyms of each other described by Acharaya Madhavkara. He quoted that Sheetpitta having Vaat dominance and of in Udarda, Kapha Dosha is predominant and the lesions formed are depressed in the centre[4] while Kotha is mainly due to the Ayoga or Mithyayoga of Vamana.[5]

Nidana (etiology) & Samprapti (pathogenesis)

Aggravated Vata and Kapha (Pradushtau Kapha Marutau) due to Sheeta Marutadi Nidan (Sheet Maruta Samsparshat) when being mixed with Pitta (Pittena Saha Sambhooya) spreads internally and externally (Bahir-Antah Visarpataha) and resulted in “Udarda” (Madhavnidan).

Poorvarupa (premonitory sign)

Pipasa (thirst), Aruchi (loss of appetite), Hrillasa (nausea),

Dehsada (feeling of tiredness), Angagauratva (feeling of heaviness), Raktalochanata (redness of eyes). (Madhavnidan)

Rupa (symptoms and signs)

Varti Damshta Samsthana Shotha (inflammation like an insect bite), Kandu Bahula (severe itching), Toda Bahula (excessive pain like pricking), Chardi (vomiting), Jwara (fever), Vidaha (burning sensations). (Madhavnidan)

2. Udardaprashamana Gana and properties of drugs

तिन्दुकप्रियाल बदर खदिर कदर सप्तपर्णाश्वकर्णार्जुनासनारिमेदा|

इति दशेमान्युदर्दप्रशमनानि भवन्ति| (च. सु. 4/17)

Udardaprashamana Mahakashaya is a unique preparation explained in Charak Samhita Sutrasthana which is indicated in Udarda, Sheetapitta, Kotha with Tridoshaghan action mainly Kapha-Pittahara along with Raktaprasadana, Kushtaghana, Shothahara actions etc. Udardaprashamana Mahakashaya mainly contain ten drugs. They are Tinduka (Diopyros peregria), Priyala (Buchania lanzan), Badar (Zizphus jujuba), Kadara (Acasia suma), Khadir (Acasia catechu), Saptaparani (Alstonia Scholaris), Ashwakarna (Dipterocarpus turbinatus), Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna), Asana (Pterocarpus marsupium), Arimeda (Acasia leucophloea).

Drugs Rasa Guna Veerya Vipaka Dosha / Karma
Tinduka Kashaya Laghu, Ruksha Sheeta Katu K-P Shamaka
Priyala Madhura Guru, Snigdha Sheeta Madhura V-P Shamaka
Badar Kashaya Laghu, Ruksha Sheeta Katu K-P Shamaka
Kadar Tikta, Kashya Laghu, Ruksha Sheeta Katu K-P Shamaka
Khadir Tikta, Kashya Laghu, Ruksha Sheeta Katu K-P Shamaka
Saptaparni Tikta, Kashya Laghu, Snigda Ushana Katu K-P Shamaka
Ashwakarna Katu, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Ushana Katu K-P Shamaka
Arjuna Kashaya Laghu, Ruksha Sheeta Katu K-P Shamaka
Asana Kashaya, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Ushana Katu K-P Shamaka
Arimeda Kashaya, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Ushana Katu K-P Shamaka

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Discussion

Abhyishandi and Kaphaprakopkara Nidana like Diwaswap (day sleep), Adhyasana and Guru (heavy) Dravya (liquid), Snigdha Bhojana (unctuous food), Dadhi (curd), Amla (sour), Lavana (salt) etc. are responsible factors for Kaphaprakopkara and production of Mandagni (A.S.Ni 14/9-10), which plays major role in pathogenesis of Udarda. They are also responsible for Rasa Dushti. Pittaprakopkara and Raktadushtikara Nidan like Atilavana Sevana (excessive salt consumption), Amla, Katu, Kshara, Teekshana Dravya and Madhya (alcohol) are responsible for Pitta Prakopa and Rakta Dushti (Ch.Su.24/16).

Viharaj Nidan: Vata Prakopa and Twak Vaigunyakara like Sheetamaruta Sparsha, Chardi Nighraha, Shishira Ritu, and Varshakala are responsible for mainly Vata Prakopa and also partly for Pitta and Kapha Prakopa.

In Udarda there is predominance of Kapha and Vata are predominant and have partial involvement of Pitta so Udardaprashamana Dravyas are Tridosha Samhanakara. Maximum drugs referred here are bitter and astringent in taste and they are hot in potency and hence pacifies Kapha Dosha.

Almost all drugs are pungent in metabolic change (Katu Vipaka) and they are blood purifiers. Hence, they work as Udardaprashaman action.

Conclusion

Udardaprashamana drugs can be definitely used in Udarda. The reduction in signs of Udarda can be definitely done.

Reference

1. Acharya Y. T., editor, Commentary Ayurveda Dipeeka of Chakrapani on Charak Samhita of Charak sutrasthana, Ch.1, Ver.41, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashan;2016;8p.p.

2. Acharya Y. T., Acharya N.R. editor, Commentary Nibandhasamgraha of Dalhanacharya & Nyayachandrika Panjika of Sri Gayadas Acharya on Sushrut Samhita of Sushrut sutrasthana Ch15, Ver.41 Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashan;2019;75p.p.


3. Prof. Yadunandan UpAdhyaya editor, Commentary Madhukosha Sanskrit of Shrivijayarakshita & Srikanthadatta and the Vidyotini hindi Commentary and notes of Sri Sudarshana Sastri On Madhav Nidan Ch.50, Ver.3-4. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Reprint, 2014;201 p.p.

4. Prof.Yadunandan UpAdhyaya editor, Commentary Madhukosha Sanskrit of Shrivijayarakshita & Srikanthadatta and the Vidyotini hindi Commentary and notes of Sri Sudarshana Sastri On Madhav Nidan Ch.50, Ver.5Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Reprint, 2014;201 p.p.

5. Prof.Yadunandan UpAdhyaya editor, Commentary Madhukosha Sanskrit of Shrivijayarakshita & Srikanthadatta and the Vidyotini hindi Commentary and notes of Sri Sudarshana Sastri On Madhav Nidan Ch.50, Ver.6. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Reprint, 2014;202 p.p.

6. Davidson’s principal & practice of medicine, edited by Brian R. Walker, Nicki R. Colledge, Stuart H. Ralston, Ian D. Penman. 22nd edition, 2014, published by Elsevier Limited.Ch.8, 1290 p.p.

7. Acharya Y. T., editor, Commentary Ayurveda Dipeeka of Chakrapani on CharakSamhita of Charak sutrasthana, Ch.4, Ver.17(43) Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashan;2016;34 p.p.


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