A critical review on Chardighna Eladi Churna

V Meera; Sulochana Rathod; Ravi R. Chavan

A critical review on Chardighna Eladi Churna

Meera V.^1*, Rathod S.², R. Chavan R.³

DOI:

^1* V Meera, Final Year Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Taranath Government Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Ballari, Karnataka, India.

² Sulochana Rathod, Professor and Guide, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Taranath Government Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Ballari, Karnataka, India.

³ Ravi R. Chavan, Professor & HOD, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Taranath Government Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Ballari, Karnataka, India.

Eladi Churna is a poly herbal formulation which has wide variety of applications. Most of the pharmaceutical companies are manufacturing with respect to Varnya aspect, while the Chardighna Eladi Churna is sparely available in the market. In the rise of gastro-intestinal issues in the society, a potent formulation like Eladi Churna is expected by the common people to ward off their GIT ailments. There are total 11 Eladi Churna mentioned in Bharatha Bhaishajya Ratnakara. Different Granthas have varied ingredients in this formulation, and their therapeutic efficacies also differ depending upon condition of the patient and disease. Some Yogas even have mineral composition. Chardi is a Vata Pradhana Tridosha Vyadhi in which there will be an act of expulsion of gastric contents through the oral cavity. So, the drugs having properties of Pritvi and Ap Mahabhoota and Karmas like Stambhana, Ama Pachana, Deepana are needed to pacify the Chardi. An attempt is made here to give new insights on the synergic action of phytochemicals in Eladi Churna to revalidate the clinical evidences in the aspect of Chardi.

Keywords: Eladi churna, Churna, Chardi, Vomiting Centre

Corresponding Author	How to Cite this Article	To Browse
V Meera, Final Year Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Taranath Government Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Ballari, Karnataka, India. Email:	V Meera, Sulochana Rathod, Ravi R. Chavan, A critical review on Chardighna Eladi Churna. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(7):110-115. Available From https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1906

Introduction

Ayurveda is the science endowed with several types of mode of preparation including Churna Kalpana.

Churna is the name given to a substance that has been finely pulverized which may be used in diseases like Grahani Roga, Ama Vikara, Vrana.^[1]

Churna Kalpana may be considered as an Upakalpana of Kalka because dried form of Kalka can be considered as Churna and many of the times Churna is used to make Kalka.

Further there are many advantages like easy manufacturing, easy administration and economic than other dosage forms.

Eladi churna is a poly herbal formulation which has wide variety of applications.

There are various pharmaceutical companies manufacturing Eladi Churna according to different references.

Most of which are made with respect to Varnya aspect, while the Chardighna Eladi Churna is sparely available in the market.

In the rise of gastro-intestinal issues in the society, a potent formulation like Eladi Churna is expected by the common people to ward off their GIT ailments.

Hence an attempt is made here to throw light on the Chardighna Eladi Churna.

Materials and Methods

All the literature regarding the use, Rasa Panchaka, pharmacological activities, probable mode of action of Eladi Churna were compiled from various books and other available sources of information.

Eladi Churna

There are total 11 Eladi Churna mentioned in Bharatha Bhaishajya Ratnakara from Yoga Ratnakara, Sharangdhara Samhita, Gada Nigraha, Chakrapani, Yoga Chintamani and Bala Roga.

A total of 11 Eladi Churnas are mentioned in Bharatha Bhaishajya Ratnakara.

Which is shown in Table no 1.

Table 1: Eladi Churna of different references.^[2]

Eladi Churna	References	Ingredients	Indications	Sahapana/Anupana/Bhavana
1.	Brihat Nighantu Ratnakara	Ela Jeeraka Bhoodhatri Sita	Kamala	Bhavana with Godugdha
2.	Yoga Ratnakara (Kshaya)	Ela Teja patra Naga pushpa Lavanga Kharjura Draksha Yashti Sarkara Pippali	Kshaya	Sahapana with Kshoudra
3.	Yoga Ratnakara, Sharangdhara Samhita (madhyama khanda), Gada Nigraha	Ela Lavanga Gaja kesara Kola majja Laja Priyangu Ghana chandana Pippali	Chardi	Sita and Madhu
4.	Chakra Pani, Gada Nigraha	Ela	Kaphaja Mutra krchra	Anupana with Gomutra/Sura/Kadali Swarasa
5.	Brihat Nighantu Ratnakara	Ela Asmabheda Shilajathu Gokshura Ervaruka bija Lavanothama Kumkuma	Mutra Krichra	Tandula Jala
6.	Yoga Chintamani	Ela Naga kesara Bringam Teja patra Taleesa patra Tuga ksheeri Mridvika Dadima Dhanyaka Jeeraka dvaya Pippali Pippalimula Chavya Chitraka Nagara Maricha Dipyaka Vrikshamla Amlavetasa Ajamoda Aswagandha Kapikachu Sarkara	Yuvapradam Ruchi vardhanam Pumsa param Pleeha roga arshas Swasa Shoola Jwara Deepna Bala varnakara Vataghna Rochana Hridya Kanta-jihwa vishodhana
7.	Yogaratnakara, Dhanwantara Nighantu	Ela Asmabheda Silajathu Pippali	Mutrakrchra	Tandula Jala/Guda
8.	Brihat Nighantu Ratnakara, Bala Roga Cikitsa	Ela Jalamusta	Chardi Atisara (in children)	Makshika
9.	Yoga Chintamani	Ela Kumkuma Chocha Jatidala yugma Sripushpa Jati phala Mastakya Karahata Nagara Ahiphena Krishna Sita karaja Katurika	Shukra Stambham	Madhu
10.	Rasa Ratnakara	Ela Twak Marica Shunti Pippali Naga Kesar Sita	Yakshma Arshas Grahani Gulma Raktapitta Khaya Kanda Roga Aruchi Pleeha Roga
11.	Yoga Ratnakara, Brihat Yoga Tarangini	Ela Tuga Ksheeri Chocha Shiva Abhaya Granti Tejapatra Dhanyaka Sita	Amlapita

Observations

Table 2: Properties and action of ingredients of Eladi Churna.^[4]

SN	Name of the Dravya	Rasa Panchaka	Karma	Indications	Chemical constituents
1.	Ela	Rasa - Katu, Madhura Guna – Laghu, Ruksha Virya - Sheeta Vipaka - Katu	Kapha-Vatahara, Hridya, Sukra Nasaka, Dipana, Rochana	Hridroga, Kasa, Svasa, Mutrakrcchra, Chardi, Sirashoola, Arshas	Borrneol , Camphene, Camphor, Linalool, Menthone, Heptane
2.	Lavanga	Rasa - Tiktha, Katu Guna - Laghu, Snigdha Virya - Sheeta Vipaka - Katu	Kapha-Pitta hara Ruchya Dipana Pachana Chakshushya	Trsna, Chardi, Adhmana, Sula, Kasa, Svasa, Hikka, Kshaya	Eugenol, furfural, methyl alcohol, caryophellene oxide, beta caryophyllene
3.	Gajakesara	Rasa - Kashaya, Tiktha Guna - Ruksha, Tikshna, Laghu Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu	Kapha-Pittahara, Pramathi, Grahi, Pacana, Vishahara, Sothahara	Raktasrava, Kushta, Chardi, Vasthivikara, Siro Roga, Trishna, Visha Roga	Mesuol, mesuarin, mammegin, mammeisin, mesuarin
4.	Kolamajja (Badara)	Rasa - Madhura, Amla Guna - Guru, Snigdha Virya - Sheeta Vipaka - Madhura / Amla	Vata-Pita hara, Hrdya, Bhedana	Hikka, Chardi, Stoulya, Pradara, Udara, Atisara	Jujubosides A&B, Zizogenin, Zeatin, frangufoline
5.	Laja [5]	Rasa - Madhura, Kashaya Guna - Laghu, Snigdha Virya - Sheeta Vipaka - Madhura	Tridoshaghna, Balya, Brimhana, Deepana, Laghu Ojovardhaka, Grahi, Rasayana, Medhya, Paushtika.	Chardi, Atisara, Raktapitta, Madatyaya, Trishna, Medoroga	Alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, phosphatic acid.
6.	Priyangu	Rasa - Tiktha, Kashaya, Madhura Guna - Guru, Ruksha, Virya - Sheeta Vipaka - Katu	Kapha- Pittahara, Mutra Virajaneeya, Purisha sangrahaniya	Raktapitta, Prameha, Gulma, Jwara, Daha, Trshna	Calliterpenone, calliterpenone, monoacetate, isopropylidenocalliterpenone
7.	Musta	Rasa - Tiktha, Katu, Kashaya Guna - Laghu, Ruksha Virya - Sheeta Vipaka - Katu	Kapha-Pitahara, Dipana, Pachana, Grahi, Lekhana	Jwara, Atisara, Halimaka, Krimi, Trsna, Grahani	Cineol, copadiene, copaene, cyperen, cyprol, beta selinene, sugenol
8.	Chandana	Rasa - Tiktha, Madhura Guna - Laghu, Ruksha Virya - Sheeta Vipaka - Katu	Kapha-Pitahara, Varnya, Dahaprasamana	Daha, Jwara, Trsna, Raktapitta, Visarpa	Alpha santalol, beta santene, santenol, teresantalic acid,
9.	Pippali	Rasa - Katu Guna - Laghu, Snighda, Tikshna Virya - Ushna, Vipaka - Madhura	Vata-Kaphahara Dipana, Vrsya, Rasayana	Udara, Pliharoga, Gulma, Jwara, Kushta, Sula, Amavatha	Piperine, beta sitosterol, piplartine, piperlonguminine

The properties and action of each of the ingredients of Chardighna Eladi Churna^[3] mentioned in Sharangadhara Samhita is detailed in Table no. 2.

Discussion

Chardi is a Vata Pradhana Tridosha Vyadhi in which there will be an act of expulsion of gastric contents through the oral cavity. It also mentioned as an Adharaneeya Vega.^[6] Acharya Susrutha explains Chardi as that which covers the mouth by bouts (of foods etc.) causing discomfort by bending the body and Doshas coming out of the mouth is called Chardi.^[7]

It is classified as five in number namely Vataja, Pitaja, Kaphaja, Sannipataja and Dwishtarthaja.^[8] The Dwishtarthaja Chardi concept clearly makes it evident the interrelation of CNS and GIT. The gut-brain axis plays an important role in manifestation of several diseases.

Vomiting or emesis, which is the actual oral expulsion of gastrointestinal contents, is the result of contractions of the gut and the thoraco-abdominal wall musculature. This contrasts with regurgitation, which is the effortless passage of gastric contents into the mouth. The vomiting centre lies in the medulla oblongata and comprises the reticular formation and the nucleus of the tractus solitaries. The vomiting centre can be activated directly by irritants or indirectly following input from 4 principal areas: gastrointestinal tract, cerebral cortex and thalamus, vestibular region, and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ)^[9]

Before the occurrence of vomiting, there may be a period of antiperistalsis, in which rhythmic contractions occur up the digestive tract instead of downward direction. This may commence as far down as the ileum, with the anti-peristaltic wave pushing contents of the lower small intestine contents upward into the duodenum and stomach within a few minutes. Then, distension within these upper portions of the gastrointestinal tract generates afferent impulses to the vomiting centre, where the actual act of vomiting is initiated.^[9]

Coming to the Samprapti of Chardi, it is evident that due to the etiological factors Vyana Vata in association with Udana Vata is vitiated and aggravated Vata Dosha brings the contents of stomach and intestine upwards with great speed and ejects through the mouth.

So, here we need the drugs which have properties of Pritvi and Ap Mahabhoota and Karmas like Stambhana, Ama Pachana, Deepana to pacify the Chardi.

Here most of the drugs have Madhura and Kashaya Rasa. Madhura Rasa is predominant of Pritvi and Ap Mahabhoota^[10] which are Adhobhagahara. Kashaya Rasa has Stambhana, and Ropana Karma.^[11]In the Chikitsa Sutra of Chardi, Acharya Susruta quoted the use of Kashaya Rasa Pradhana Dravya.^[12] Laghu Guna has the properties of Langhana and Srothoshodhana.^[13] Ruksha Guna results in Stambhana, Shoshana and Rukshana actions.^[14] So, these properties may help in digestion of Ama. In the Chardighna Eladi Churna out of 9 drugs 7 have Langhana Guna and 5 have Ruksha Guna. Most of the drugs have Sheeta Virya and drugs which have Sheeta Virya possess Prahladana, Stambhana and Balya Karma,^[15] indicated in Trishna, Murcha and Daha associated with Chardi. Katu Vipaka Dravyas are indicated in Pittaja and Kaphaja Chardi and in this formulation 6 drugs possesses Katu Vipaka. Hence, it may be invariably used in all types of Chardi. The summary of the action of Chardighna Eladi Churna is depicted in Figure no. 1

Figure 1: Summary of action of Chardighna Eladi Churna.

The efficacy of antiemetic drugs is predicted on their ability to act as antagonists at receptor sites within the vomiting centre and associated regions.^[9] Borneol was shown to be an effective antagonist of acetylcholine in a study by Cabo et al. (1986)

and perhaps this compound imbuses cardamom with its antiemetic property. The eugenol present in Lavanga has anti-ulcer activity based on its ability to stimulate the synthesis of mucous. (Jose Roberto santin et al.). The studies regarding Gajakesar showing that it has antispasmodic activity (Prasad et al.), antiulcerogenic activity (Gopalakrishnan et al. 1980). Antiulcer activity of Badara^[16] has proved and also it contain proanthocyanidins which has action on serotonin mechanism.^[17]

Essential oils are reported to have effects at the psychological, physiological and cellular level (Dobetsberger 2011) and this Yoga contain Chandana, Ela, Lavanga which are the source of essential oil. The treatment with the Manaso Anuguna Gandha of these drugs may be considered. In a study conducted on antiemetic acivity, Piper longum (81.65%) and Syzygium aromaticum (87.81%) inhibition was recorded with standard drug domperidone.^[18] Ferrulic acid has serotonin antagonistic effect^[19] which is present in Laja and Piper longum.^[20]

Studies show that gastroprotective action of Cyprus rotundus is related to its inhibition of gastric motility and endogeneous prostaglandins may play an important role.^[21] Oral treatment of Santalum album stem hydro alcoholic extract demonstrated good level of gastric protection in rats by effective inhibiting physically (stress) and chemically (both local irritant and drug - NSAID) induced gastric ulceration.^[22] Further, Laja will act as prime source of energy as it contains starch. Studies proved that it has antacid and antiemetic property while it is one among the Chardighna Dashaimani of Charaka Samhita along with Badara.

Conclusion

Different references have variation in their ingredients and thus therapeutic efficacy is also non-identical. So, depending upon the condition of patient and the disease, most suitable Eladi Churna should be selected. Chardighna Eladi Churna mentioned by Sharangdhara Samhita is a very potent formulation having action on both CNS and GIT system.

This formulation has to be validated with further research in a more scientific background. Drugs which are present in Eladi Churna possess serotonin receptor inhibition activity also.

In chemotherapy cytotoxic drugs cause stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors, which may trigger the vomiting center. So, in the adverse effects of chemotherapy also this formulation may be used. Hence, it can be concluded that Eladi Churna is very effective for the management of Chardi.

Further studies are needed for the better explanation of its efficacy, and the necessary information about pharmaceutical modification of the same combination in different dosage forms.

Reference

1. Kashyapa, Kashypa Samhita, Chapter 3, Khilastana, Sloka 36, Edited By Prof. P.V Tiwari, Choukambha Visvabharati Varanasi, P.no. 454

2. Nageendas Chaganlal Shah, Bharatha Bhaishajya Ratnakara, Bhavaprakashikakhya Vyakhyaya Vaidya Gopinath Bhishak Ratna, B Jain Publishers, Year of Reprint 1999 ‘YE’ Karadi Churna Prakaranam, Vol. 1 Page No 187-189

3. Sarangadhara, Sarngadhara Samhita, Deepika Commentary By Adhamalla, Edited By Parasurama Sastri, Chaukhambha Orientalia Kashyapa, Kashypa Samhita, Chapter 3, Khilastana, Sloka 36, Edited By Prof. P.V Tiwari, Choukambha Visvabharati Varanasi, P.NO 454

4. Acharya Sharangadhara’s “Sharangadhara Samhita” by Dr. Shailaja Shrivastava, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter no.6, Choukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, Edition-2006, Page no. 194,

5. Shastri JLN. Dravyaguna Vignana. Reprint 2006 Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia; Year of Reprint 2006. Vol-2, Pp 527, 225, 67, 669, 893, 551, 478, 452

6. Dr. K.M Nadkarni’s Indian Materia Medica Revised & Enlarged By A.K Nadkarni. Reprinted 2005; Vol1, Pp877.

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10. Becker DE. Nausea, Vomiting, and Hiccups: A Review of Mechanisms and Treatment. Anesth Prog. 2010 Winter; 57(4):150-6; Quiz 157. Doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-57.4.150. PMID: 21174569; PMCID: PMC3006663.Cikits S/C

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12. Acharya Agnivesha, Caraka Samhita, Ayurveda Deepika Commentary of Chakrapani, Edited By Vaidya Yadvji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi Year Of Reprint:2019 Sutra Stana, Chapter 26, Verse- 6 Page No-145

13. Srikantha Murthy K.R, English translation on Susrutha samhitha, uttarastana, chardi pradisheda, chp.49, ver-6, Varanasi, chaukhamba orientalia, 2012, pp327.

14. Shastri JLN. Dravyaguna Vignana. Reprint 2006varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia; Year Of Reprint 2006. Vol-1, Pp54

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17. Siddharth, Panchal & Kailash, Panchal&Vyas, Niraj& Modi, Karuna & Vimal, Patel& Bharadia, Praful. (2010). Antiulcer Activity of Methanolic Extract Of Ziziphus Mauritiana Stem Bark. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 2. 6-11.

18. Ying Xu, Et.Al Antidepressant –Like Effect Of Low Molecular Proanthocyanidin In Mice: Involvement Of Monoaminergic System Ntidepressant-Like Effect Of Low Molecular Proanthocyanidin In Mice: Involvement Of Monoaminergic System. Pharmacol Biochem Behave.2010 Jan;94(30:447-53. Doi:10.1016/J.Pbb.2009 Oct23. PMID:19857512

19. Hasan, Mohtasheem & Ahmed, Salman & Ahmed, Ziauddin & Azhar, Iqbal. (2012). Anti-Emetic Activity Of Some Aromatic Plants. Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Scientific Innovation2277-4572.1. 47-49.

20. Zeni AL, Zomkowski AD, Maraschin M, Rodrigues AL, Tasca CI. Ferulic Acid Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effect In The Tail Suspension Test In Mice: Evidence For The Involvement Of The Serotonergic System. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Mar 15;679(1-3):68-74. Doi: 10.1016/J.Ejphar.2011.12.041. Epub 2012 Jan 12. PMID: 22266492.

21. Zachariah DSTJ. Phenolic Profiling Of Piper Species By Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Spices Arom Crops [Internet]. 2016 Dec. 26 [Cited 2022 Jul. 22];25(2):123-32.

22. Zhu M, Luk Hh, Fung Hs, Luk Ct. Cytoprotective Effects Of Cyperus Rotundus Against Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulceration In Rats. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted To Medical And Scientific Research On Plants And Plant Products. 1997 Aug;11(5):392-4.

23. Safwan Ali Khan, Mohammed, Shujauddin Amjad, Mohammed, Manan Mat Jais, Abdul, Chincholi, Anand, Faraz, Mohammed, Pathan, Faiyaz, Nagaraju, Bee, Mohtarrudin, Norhafizah, Ranjbar, Maryam, Ahmed, Nazeer, Anti-Ulcer Activity of Sandalwood (Santalum Album L.) Stem Hydro-Alcoholic Extract In Three Gastric-Ulceration Models Of Wistar Rats. Boletín Latinoamericano Y Del Caribe De Plantas Medicinales Y Aromáticas [Internet]. 2013;12(1):81-91.

Manuscript Received	Review Round 1	Review Round 2	Review Round 3	Accepted
2022-06-28	2022-06-30	2022-07-07	2022-07-14	2022-07-21
Conflict of Interest	Funding	Ethical Approval	Plagiarism X-checker	Note
Nil	Nil	Yes	18%

Review Article

Eladi churna

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences