Therapeutic use of Vidanga on Krimiroga - A Literary Review

Shahraf Naaz; Sarswati Bharati; Raman Ranjan; Ganesh Prasad Gupta

Therapeutic use of Vidanga on Krimiroga - A Literary Review

Naaz S.^1*, Bharati S.², Ranjan R.³, Prasad Gupta G.⁴

DOI:

^1* Shahraf Naaz, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Government Ayurvedic College, Patna, Bihar, India.

² Sarswati Bharati, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Government Ayurvedic College, Patna, Bihar, India.

³ Raman Ranjan, Assistant Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, Government Ayurvedic College, Patna, Bihar, India.

⁴ Ganesh Prasad Gupta, Associate Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, Government Ayurvedic College, Patna, Bihar, India.

‘Krimi’ is a short name representing vast term called “worms” which may grow inside or outside the human body. In today’s fast going world we all use fast food, street food, half cooked food and readymade food for saving time. Our children are also very fond of these kinds of foods as their day starts with Pizza & ends with Burger. Due to this type of food intake which is hard to digest in time, we people prepare a good medium for intestinal worm infestation. Due to various reason including bad food habits 96% of peoples nowadays are affected with a Krimiroga (Udar Krimi). This is very common among children so it is very necessary to have cheap and easily available medicine to get rid of it. And if this medicine would have natural composition & still have high efficacy, then it would be better. One of the herbal remedy we are interested here is vidanga. Embelia ribes known as Vidanga has sure shot therapeutic value in treating Krimiroga due to its chemical constituent. This review is going to highlight the overall information in this short section.

Keywords: Vidanga, Embelia ribes, Krimiroga, worm

Corresponding Author	How to Cite this Article	To Browse
Shahraf Naaz, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Government Ayurvedic College, Patna, Bihar, India. Email:	Shahraf Naaz, Sarswati Bharati, Raman Ranjan, Ganesh Prasad Gupta, Therapeutic use of Vidanga on Krimiroga - A Literary Review. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(11):169-174. Available From https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2055

Introduction

Modern science has their own kind of division mainly in intestinal worms.

(1) Flatworms (2) Roundworms (3) Hookworms (4) Pinworms (5) Whipworms

Herbal preparations & Ayurveda are gaining popularity day by day on world level due to its lesser side effects and higher efficacy.

Embelia ribes, a shrub widely distributed throughout India, best variety found at an altitude of 1500 m, in hilly areas and commonly known as false black pepper. It contains ‘Embelin’ as an active constituent.

So, it shows its activity like anti-bacterial, antifertility, antiprotozoal, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anthelminthic, antidiabetic, anticonvulsant, anti-cancer, antihyperlipidemic & molluscicidal.

Taxonomical Classification^[1]

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Angiosperms

Order: Ericales

Family: Myrsinaceae

Genus: Embelia

Species : ribes

Kula - Vidanga Kula

Gana^[2]

Charaka : Krimighna, Kusthaghna, Triptighna

Sushruta : Sursadi, Pippalyadi

Bhav Prakash : Trimada

Synonyms^[3]

Krimighna, Chitra Tandula, Amogha, Vella, Tandula, Jantuhantri, Krimishatru, Krimijit, Kitari, Krimiripu, Krimihar

Etymology (Nirukti)

Vidanga

वीडती भीनतती इति विडंगम ।

It destroys or does Bhedan of Rogas.

वीडती भीनतती वह्नि मांद्यम शूलाधमान विबन्ध आदि च इति वा विडंग:।

It destroys diseases like Agnimandya, Shula, Adhman, Vibandha etc.

Vella

वेललती चलति उदर कोष्ठे रोगवारणार्थम इति वेललम ।

In Udar Kostha, Vidanga through its Guna destroys Krimi from every corner of the G.I. tract.

Amogha

न मोघा इति ।

It never fails. It does its Kriminashan work successfully.

Tandula

तन्तु कृमि सूत्र लाती इति ।

It pulled out Krimi etc.

तडयते आहनयते उपयोग अर्थीभि: इति वा ।

Users of Vidanga grind it &pestle it.

Krimighna

कृमिन घनन्ति इति ।

It destroys Krimi.

Botanical Description^[4]

Its leaves are simple, alternate, ovate and sharp at both the ends. Length of leaves is 3 inch long and 1.5 inch broad. It has white colour pentamerous flowers & globose fruits, 3-4 mm diameter, smooth, succulent, black when ripe, like a peppercorn when dried. Outer covering of fruits is fragile and from inside seeds are spotted. Roots of this medicinal herb are brownish grey in colour.

Distribution^[4]

The herb is found in areas up to the height of 1500 mts. Vidanga found in the hilly areas of India like lower and central Himalayas down to Konkan, Deccan, Western Ghats and South India. It is found throughout India.

Varieties

At present Embelia Tsjeriam – Cottom - (R.et.S. A.Dc) - Embelia Robusta (C.B Clarke) is supplied as Vidanga at most of the places in India.

Major Chemical Constituents

Embelin, Christembine, Homoembelin, Vilangine, Quercitol etc.

Properties^[5]

Rasa: Katu (Vayu+Agni), Kashaya (Vayu+Prithvi)

Guna: Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna

Virya: Usna

Vipaka: Katu

Karma: Kaphavata Shamak, Vishaghna, Krimighna, Dipana

Prabhav: Krimighna

विडङ्गज्योतिष्मतीफलतैलानि तीक्ष्णानि लघून्युष्णवीर्याणि कटूनि

कटुविपाकानि सराण्यनिलकफकृमिकुष्ठप्रमेहशिरोरोगापहराणि चेति || (Su.Su.45/115)

विडंग कटु तीक्ष्णोष्ण रुक्ष वह्निकर लघु |

शूल आद्यमान उदरश्लेष्मकृमिवातविबंधनुत || (Bhav Prakash)

Dhanwantri Nighantu, Shodhal Nighantu, Kaideva Nighantu and Raj Nighantu have also references for it.
विडङ्गंक्रिमिघ्नानां || (Cha.Su.25/40)
Charak delineated Vidanga as the best among the Krimighna Dravyas.
According to Sushrut Samhita, Kalpa Sthan, Chapter no.5, Shloka no. 84-86, It is stated that in Sarpa Visha Chikitsa, Vidanga can be used as Ekasar Yoga which can destroy Sarpa Visha.

Indications^[6]

Krimi, Udar, Adhman, Shula, Kustha

Therapeutic Uses^[6]

1. Kamala: Vidanga along with Pippali is used as Nasya & Anjana.

2. Ardhavabhedak: Nasya with Vidanga & Krishna Tila is useful.

3. Visha Roga: Root paste of Vidanga is taken with Rice water.

4. Krimija Hridroga: Vidanga & Kustha are to be given with cow’s urine.

Nutraceutical Values^[7]

1. Anti-cancer activity: Embedelin is used to diminish tumor size and prevent the movement of serum enzymes including acid phosphatase, -glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldose, and others from rising in rats with experimental fibrosarcoma. Embelin affects glucose and amino acid metabolism in tumor-bearing mice.

2. Anticonvulsant activity: Embelin, given intraperitoneally at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight, reduces seizures caused by electroshock and pentylenetetrazol in a dose-dependent manner. A significant reduction in motility demonstrated CNS depressive impact. According to the findings, embelin exhibits anticonvulsant properties in both grand mal and petit mal epilepsy.

3. Antioxidant property: The degrees of pancreatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in streptozotocin (at measurements of 40 mg/kg, intravenously as a solitary portion) caused diabetic rodents are decreased when a fluid concentrate of Embelia ribes is given orally at dosages of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight. In streptozotocin-prompted diabetic rodents, its cancer prevention agent movement shields the pancreatic - cells from misfortune.

4. Analgesic activity: Embelin is a centrally acting non-narcotic analgesic that may be taken orally. It has a distinct core site of action than naloxone and is not antagonistic to it. Because of its great oral effectiveness, therapeutic index, and lack of abstinence syndrome, it is more tolerable than morphine. Naloxone is known to block the action of narcotic analgesics mediated by -receptors.

5. Anti-spermatogenic activity: For 15 or 30 days, male albino rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of Embelia at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight, which inhibited:

a. epididymal motile sperm count,

b. Indicators of fertility, such as pregnancy success.

c. The activity of glycolysis and energy metabolism enzymes. These modifications are reversible.

When embelin is added to epididymal sperm suspensions, it inhibits sperm motility and glucose metabolism enzyme activity in a dose- and duration-dependent manner.

Embelia ribes extract and its uses^[7]

SN	Extracts	Uses
1.	Methanolic extract	Modulatory action of acetylcholinesterase
2.	Aqueous- Ethanol extract	Anthelminthic
3.	Methanol extract	Avoid pregnancy 75% of the time
4.	Ethanol extract Butanol extract	Hepatoprotective, Antifertility Uterine weight levels Antifertility
5.	Butanol extract Benzene extract	Antifertility Antifertility 51%
6.	Benzene extract n-Hexane extract	Antifertility 51% Anthelminthic
7.	Petroleum ether extract	Tape worm (but not round/hook) Prevent pregnancy 75%
8.	Aqueous - Ethanol extract	No Antifertility,37% Anthelminthic
9.	Aqueous - Ethanol extract Fresh juice	No Antifertility,37% Anthelminthic Decongestant, soothing and cathartic
10.	Hexane extract	Antifertility
11.	Fresh juice	Decongestant, soothing and cathartic
12.	Powdered fruit	Antifertility
13.	Milk extract	Digestive & upper respiratory infection
14.	Aqueous extract	Hypolipidemic Anthelminthic

Part Used: Seed, Roots

Dosage
Powder 3-5 gm
Root paste 10-20 gm<

Vishishta Yoga: Vidangadi Loha, Vidangarishta, Vidanga Taila, Trimadasav

Description of Embelia ribes (Vidanga) In different Samhita

Karma	Charak	Sushrut	Astanga Hridaya	Astanga Sangraha
Krimighna	ü	ü	ü	ü
Kusthaghna	ü	ü	ü	ü
Arshoghna	ü	ü	ü	ü
Dipan	ü	ü	ü	ü
Pachan	ü	ü	ü	ü
Triptighna	ü	ü	ü	ü
Rasayan	ü	ü	ü	ü
Virechan	ü	ü	ü	ü
Sirovirechan	ü	ü	ü	ü
Vranshodhan	ü	ü	ü	ü
Kaphahar	ü	ü	ü	ü
Gulma	ü	ü	ü	ü
Medya	X	ü	X	X
Virechanopag	X	X	ü	X
Sneha Virechan	X	X	X	X
Vamanopag	X	X	ü	X
Sirovirechanopag	ü	X	X	X
Jwarhar	X	X	X	ü
Pratishaya	X	ü	X	X
Shwas-Kasa	X	ü	ü	X
Balroga	X	ü	X	X
Halimaka	X	X	ü	X
Medohar	X	X	X	ü
Plihodar	X	X	ü	X

Different synonyms of Embelia ribes (Vidanga) in different Samhitas

Synonyms	Charak	Sushrut	Astanga Hridaya	Astanga Sangraha
Vidanga	ü	ü	ü	ü
Krimighna	ü	ü	ü	ü
Amogha	ü	X	X	X
Krimishatru	X	ü	X	X
Krimijit	X	X	ü	X
Kitari	X	ü	X	X
Krimiripu	X	X	ü	X
Jantughana	X	X	ü	X
Krimihar	ü	X	X	X
Kriminut	X	X	ü	X
Krimihat	X	X	ü	X

Discussion

Krimi Types, Details & Chikitsa^[8]

Source: Charak Samhita, Vimansthan, 7^th Chapter, 20 types of Vaikarik Krimi are described.

Bahya Krimi

Krimi	Origin	Cause	Shape	Colour	Effect
Malaja (2) Yuka Pipilika	Hairs Beards Moustache Eyelashes etc.	Mrija Varjan	Anu Tilakriti Bahupada	Shukla Krishna	Kandu Kotha Pidaka

Abhyantar Krimi

Krimi	Origin	Cause	Shape	Colour	Effect
Raktaja (6) Keshad Lomad Lomadweep Sauras Udumbar Jantumata	Raktavahi Dhamani (Blood Vessels)	Kusth Saman	Anu Vritta Apada	Tamra	Kesh, Smasru, Loma, Pakshma Dhwansa
Kaphaja (7) Antrada Udarada Hridaychara Churu Darbhapushpa Saugandhik, Mahaguda	Amashay (Mucus)	Kshira, Guda, Tila, Pistanna, Klinna Sankirna Bhojan	Prithu Bradhma Gandupada	Sweta	Hrillasa, Kshavathu, Anaha, Karshy Jwar, Aruchi
Purishaja (5) Kakeruka Makeruka Leliha Sausurada Sasulaka	Pakwashay (Faeces)	Kshira, Guda, Tila, Pistanna, Klinna Sankirna Bhojan	Sukshma Vritta Urnanshu	Syava Nila Harita Peeta	Purisbheda (Diarrhea) Lomaharsha, Guda Kandu

Line of treatment

1. Apakarshan(To expel out)

Sastra Yukta (By Hand)
Asastra Yukta

a. Sirovirechan

b. Vaman

c. Virechan

d. Asthapan (except Anuvasan)

Anuvasan Basti if given then only by Vidanga Taila.

2. Prakriti Vighata(change the media by administering Katu, Tikta, Kashaya, Ushna Dravya)

3. Nidan Parivarjan (avoiding causes)

तत्र सर्वक्रिमीणामपकर्षणमेवादितः कार्यं, ततः प्रकृतिविघातः,

अनन्तरं निदानोक्तानां भावानामनुपसेवनमिति|| (Cha.Vi.7/14)

Uses in today’s world

As Yoga Formulations : 1) Krimikuthar Rasa 2) Vidangasav 3) Vidanga Churna 4) Krimi Mudgar Rasa

As Single Herb: Vidanga is also solely used to destroy Krimi.

Medicine: Vidanga Beej Churna

Route of Administration: Oral

Dose: 3 gm BD (Adult Dose), 1.5 gm BD (Child Dose)

Anupana: Guda (for attracting Krimis)

Conclusion

Vidanga is Katu, Kashay Rasa dominant & has Ushna Virya. Katu, Kashay Rasa is necessary for Kriminashan i.e., which destroys Krimi. Due to its Prabhav property Vidanga kills Krimi. Different clinical assessment has also proved it to be highly effective. So, Vidanga should be used for deworming.

Reference

1. Embelia ribes - scientific classification, from www.en.m.wikipedia.org

2. Vidanga (Embelia ribes) properties, benefits & dosage from www.planetayurveda.com

3. Vidanga – Embelia ribes Benefits, usage, Dose,side effects from www.easyayurveda.com

4. Abhilasha, Vijay Shankar Dubey, Study of Vidanga on Krimiroga w.s.r. to Round Worms www.jaims.in, July-Aug 2017,Vol.2-Issue 4

5. Acharya Priyavrat Sharma, Dravyaguna Vigyan, Dwitiya Bhag, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Reprint: year 2021, P-503 TO 506

6. Dr. J.L.N. Shastry, Dravyaguna Vijnana, Vol.2, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Reprint: 2017, P- 318 TO 320

7. Embelia ribes Burm F. (Vai Vidanga) – An overview,https:// www.researchgate.net

8. The Charaka Samhita of Agnivesh, Revised by Charaka & Drdhabala, By Sri Satya Narayan Sastri & Dr Gorakha Natha Chaturvedi, Published by Chaukhamba Bharti Academy, P.O. Box No – 1065, Reprint year: 2009, P- 725-735

Manuscript Received	Review Round 1	Review Round 2	Review Round 3	Accepted
2022-10-25	2022-10-27	2022-11-03	2022-11-10	2022-11-17
Conflict of Interest	Funding	Ethical Approval	Plagiarism X-checker	Note
Nil	Nil	Yes	16%

Review Article

Vidanga

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences