E-ISSN:2456-3110

Research Article

Anti-diarrheal activity

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2022 Volume 7 Number 9 October
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Experimental evaluation of Chathusama Vati for its Anti-Diarrheal Activity

Revathy L.1*, Chaitra L.2
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.7.9.10

1* L Revathy, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Ramakrishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

2 LV Chaitra, Associate Professor, Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Ramakrishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Background: Diarrhea is the condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte disturbances such as potassium deficiency or other salt imbalance. According to the World Health Organization, diarrhea affects 3-5 billion people per year worldwide and cause 5 million death per year. It is an important health problem in all age groups and is a major cause of death in socio-economical backward class of people. Aim and Objective: An experimental evaluation of Chathusama Vati for its anti-diarrheal activity. Methods: The experimental study was a three-group experimental study, conducted on 6 different rats on each group. Total 18 healthy albino rats weighing between 150 gm to 200gm will be taken and divided randomly into three groups; Rats were induced diarrhea with castor oil orally. Rats of group 1 will be administered with distilled water served as control group. Group 2 will be administered with Loperamide 5 mg/kg. Group 3 will be administered with Chathusama Vati (Humandose×0.018). Results: In the experimental study the result was showed as the Chathusama Vati has significant action in Diarrhea. Conclusion: From the experimental study the result it was found that Chathusama Vati showed mild ant- diarrheal activity.

Keywords: Atisara, Diarrhea, Chathusama Vati, Anti-diarrheal activity

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
L Revathy, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Ramakrishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		L Revathy, LV Chaitra, Experimental evaluation of Chathusama Vati for its Anti-Diarrheal Activity. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(9):70-74.
Available From
https://www.jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2078

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2022-08-29 2022-08-31 2022-09-07 2022-09-14 2022-09-21
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 17%

© 2022by L Revathy, LV Chaitraand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Revathy L et al: Experimental evaluation of Chathusama Vati Anti-Diarrheal Activity

Introduction

Ayurveda is considered as Upaveda of Atharva Veda and Upanga of Rigveda,[1] Brahma Vivartha Purana considers Ayurveda as fifth Veda.

Ayurveda is also known as Anadiandananta. The aim of Ayurveda is prevention and cure of disease from its root.[2]

Ayurveda is a branch of science which deals with the measurement of life and describes the Hita, Ahita, Sukha and Dukha of Ayu.[3]

The origin of ‘Rasashastra’ has its roots in the ‘Indian alchemy.’ Alchemy, according to Indian tradition, is not an end in itself. It is only a means.

The actual intention of processing mercury is to administer it for the preservation and promotion of positive rites unhindered for a sufficiently long period to achieve Jivan Mukti i.e., salvation from the bondage of the world while remaining alive.

To ascertain the suitability of mercury for administration to an individual, it is tested over raw (unprocessed) Mercury and other base metals. If it is capable of transmission of ordinary mercury into gold then its considered to be suitable for administration to the individual.

‘Rasashastra’ is the science specially deals with mercury, other minerals and poisonous drugs.

These drugs are pharmaceutically processed and rendered it for internal administrations.

Diarrhea is the condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day.[4]

The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte disturbances such as potassium deficiency or other salt imbalance.

According to the World Health Organization, diarrhea affects 3-5 billion people per year worldwide and cause 5 million death per year.[5]

It is an important health problem in all age groups and is a major cause of death in socio-economical backward class of people.

In Ayurvedic classics Diarrhea is correlated with Atisara. Atisara is a condition where watery stools are passed in excess, several times a day, through Guda.[6]

Most important factor in the pathogenesis of Atisara is mandagni. Dalhana commentator of Sushrurha Samhitha mentioned that passing of watery stools in increased quantity is the cardinal feature of Atisara. Ama dosh due to Agni Dushti caused by Mithya Aahara Vihara, ultimately manifesting as Atisara.[7]

Drugs which are mainly of Deepana, Pachana and Langhana should be adopted in the Amavastha of Atisara and drugs which have Sthambhana properties are selected in Niramavastha.[8] Ayurvedic literature records it found as both a symptom and an independent disease.

In modern science, Loperamide and bismuth subsalicylate are used to treat diarrhea. They may cause side effects like Dizziness, Tinnitus, Blackened stools, Constipation, Fatigue, Abdominal pain, Hives, and Wheezing.[9]

Number of Atisaragna drugs has been mentioned in our Ayurvedic classical texts. Chathusama Vati is one such simple formulation explained in the Atisara Adhikara Chikitsasara Sangraha of Vangasana Samhita.[10]

This is typical combination of drugs to combat the disease Atisara. The combination of Abhaya, Mustha, Nagara, Guda are capable to overcome the disease Atisara.

In this formulation Abhaya and Nagara acts as Agni Deepaka. Mustha and Nagara acts as Deepana and Pachana Karma, Mustha helps in Stambhana, and is also Grahi.

In the view to contribute a safe and effective anti-diarrheal formulation, the present study “Experimental evaluation of Chathusama Vati for its Anti-Diarrheal Activity” Is taken.

Materials and Methods

The raw drug was purchased from Thrissur, Kerala. Herbal drugs authentication was done in Department of Dravyaguna, Ramakrishna Ayurvedic medical College, Yelahanka, Bangalore.

The test drug was prepared from Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Ramakrishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Yelahanka, Bengaluru. All the Chemical reagents and other requirements of experimental study used from stock of Invivo Biosciences, Bengaluru.


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Revathy L et al: Experimental evaluation of Chathusama Vati Anti-Diarrheal Activity

Total 18 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 150-200gms will be taken and divided randomly into three groups, each containing six rats, maintained under a constant 12hr light and dark cycle at 22-24 and at 45%-55% relative humidity. Animals were fed with Pellet rodent from VRK nutrition solutions.

Deep bore well water passed through charcoal filters and exposed to UV rays and water in polypropylene water bottles were provided to the animals. The Animal Ethical committee has approved for experiment on animals (Approval number Invivo/109).

Table 1: Group Allocation

Group No Treatment group Dose No. of animals Animal numbers
1 Control  - 6 1 6
2 Standard (Loperamide) 5 mg/kg 6 7 12
3 Chathusamavati (Human dose × 0.018) 6 13 18

All healthy Albino rats which will be selected for the experiments and kept under fasting for 18 hours, Group-I will be given normal saline (2ml/kg) which served as control group. Group II will be given Loperamide (5mg/kg) as standard group, Group III will be administered with Chathusamavati.

All doses will be administered orally. After 1 hour, all groups received 1 ml of castor oil orally, and then animals were placed in the cages lined with absorbent papers and observed for 4 hour for the presence of diarrhea defined as watery (wet), unformed stool. The control group result considered as 100%.

The activity of each group will be expressed as percent inhibition (%) of diarrhea. The percent inhibition of defecation will be measured by using following formula.

Percentage inhibition of defecation = [(A-B)/A] X 100

A - Mean number of defecation time caused by castor oil

B - Mean number of defecation time caused by drug.

Average of all the data was compiled and SEM was calculated.

All the data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.

Observations and Results

Here the fasces weight was recorded and observed at one hour

Table 1: Showing mean values of faecal weight at 0-1 hour.

Group Mean faces weight (in gm) SEM
Control 2.5 0.6
Loperamide 0.0 0.0
Chathusamavati 3.5 0.4

jaims_2078_01.JPG

Graph 1: Graph showing Faeces weight at 1 hour

Here the fasces weight was recorded and observed at 2 hour.

Table 2: Showing mean values of faecal weight at 2 hour.

Group Mean faces weight (in gm) SEM
Control 0.8 0.4
Loperamide 0.0 0.0
Chathusamavati 0.2 0.2

jaims_2078_02.JPG

Graph 2: Graph showing faeces weight at 2 hour

Here the fasces weight was recorded and observed at 3 hour.


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Revathy L et al: Experimental evaluation of Chathusama Vati Anti-Diarrheal Activity

Table 3: Showing mean values of faecal weight at 3 hour.

Group Mean faces weight (in gm) SEM
Control 1.2 0.3
Loperamide 0.3 0.3
Chathusamavati 0.2 0.2

jaims_2078_03.JPGGraph 3: Graph showing faeces weight at 3 hour

Here the fasces weight was recorded and observed at 4 hour.

Table 4: Showing mean values of faecal weight at 4 hour.

Group Mean faces weight (in gm) SEM
Control 0.5 0.2
Loperamide 0.5 0.5
Chathusamavati 0.2 0.2

jaims_2078_04.JPGGraph 4: Graph showing faeces weight at 4 hour

Discussion

The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the Anti-diarrheal activity of Chathusamavati. The objective is to assess whether the preparation possess anti-diarrheal activity. In this study one in-vivo models are used i.e., Castor oil-induced diarrhea.

The induction of diarrhea with castor oil results from the action of ricinoleic acid formed by hydrolysis of the oil. Ricinoleic acid produces changes in the transport of water and an electrolyte resulting in a hyper secretory response in addition to hyper secretion, ricinoleic acid sensitizes the intramural neurons of the gut.

Castor oil is a practical inducer that had been used in experimental models of screening anti-diarrheal agents. Following the administration of castor oil, it is hydrolyzed by lipase in the upper part of the small intestine to ricinoliec acid (the active form) which causes local irritation, inflammation of the gut, release of prostaglandin leading to intestinal hyperactivity, and fluid hyper-secretion. This will prevent water and electrolytes absorption, reduction in activity of sodium potassium - ATP ase in the intestine, and finally, diarrhea manifestation.

Agents that can inhibit electrolytes permeability and secretion can prevent castor oil-induced diarrhea. The acute toxicity study was conducted in rats as per OECD guidelines 420 and it was found that 18mg/kg body weight dose is safe as the toxicity study shows the test substance was not show any toxic clinical signs even at the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. In this study it was found that test substance at the dose of 18 mg/kg body weight showed anti-diarrheal activity. The faecal matter weights were measure periodically at1 h, 2 h, 3 hand 4 h time. The average reduction in the faecal matter weight was observed at 4 h. The percentage inhibition of the diarrheal is 43.54%. The anti-diarrheal activity of the test substance may be due to reduction of gastrointestinal motility or otherwise.

Conclusion

On the basis of experimental observations made in this study, Chathusama Vati proves to be beneficial in treatment of Atisara.

Reference

1. Acharya Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita with Deepika Commentary of Chakrapani Datta, edited by Vaidya Trikamji Acharya, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharathi Prakashan, Reprint 2000, Vol.1, Sutrasthana 1/15, Pg.8.

2. Rama Devi R. Bhaishajya Kalpana. 2nd edition Kottakkal: Perfect Publications; 2004. Pg.17.


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3. Agnivesha, Charaka, Chakrapani Data, Trikamji Yadavji. Charaka Samhita, Sutrasthana.1st edition, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surabharathi; 2011. Pg.8.

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5. Ashish Mishra, Ankit Seth, and Santosh Kumar Maurya, Therapeutic significance and Pharmacological activities of anti diarrheal medicinal plants mention in Ayurveda: Are view, journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology, Jun- Aug 2016; volume5(3):290-07.

6. S.Shastri, Madava Nidana, Madhukosha With Hindi comm., Chaukhambha Sanskrit Santhana, Varanasi, vol.II,pg.61.

7. S.Durgalakshmi, Pious Uthara Anu, Ajantha-An Over view On Nidana Panjaka of Atisara (diarrhea), IAMJ, Vol3, August-2015.

8. P.D.Londhe, P.A. Chavan. Efficacy Of Shunti Kalpa In The Management of Atisara, IJAPR, March 2016, vol-4, issue-3.

9. Anti-diarrheal medicine: OTC relief for diarrhea – family doctor. Org

10. https: /familydoctir.org jan 18.2018.

11. Shri Das Govind, Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Hindi Translation by Shri Shastri Kaviraja Ambika data Ayurveda acharya, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi; 2005, 7th Chapter, Sloka no – 149&150, Pg234.


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