Review on Utpatti of Shukra Dhatu as per Ayurveda

M R Patil; Mudigonda Srinivasa Raju; Kavitha Butali

Review on Utpatti of Shukra Dhatu as per Ayurveda

R Patil M.¹, Srinivasa Raju M.^2*, Butali K.³

DOI:

¹ M R Patil, HOD, Dept. of PG Studies in Rachana Shareera, Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Inchal, Karnataka, India.

^2* Mudigonda Srinivasa Raju, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of PG Studies in Rachana Shareera, Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Inchal, Karnataka, India.

³ Kavitha Butali, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of PG Studies in Rachana Shareera, Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Inchal, Karnataka, India.

Shukra Dhatu is present throughout the body, but according to Sushruta, it is most prominent at the Bladder opening. Moola-Sthana (origin) of Shukravaha Srotasa (system related with reproductive tissue) has Been attributed to Vrishana (testis), Shepha (penis), Stana (breast), and Majja (bone marrow). Shukradhara Kala is a vital structure that spans the entire body. Shukra Pramaana is Ardha Anjali (1/2 handful), whereas typical semen volume is 2 ml according to WHO standards. Dhairya (sexual potency), Chyavanam (timely ejaculation), Preeti (love for partner), Dehabalam (physical strength), Harshana (sexual desire), and Beejaratha (to fulfil the purpose of Beeja, i.e., procreation) are considered to be the functions of the Shukra. When Shukra, which is prevalent throughout the body, is triggered by Harsha, Darshana, Smarana, hearing the voice, Sparshana, or performing sexual activities, Shukra travels to the testis and ejaculates it. Spermatogenesis is a highly structured, complicated series of mitotic and meiotic differentiation Processes that result in genetically differentiated male gametes for fertilisation with the female ovum. It aids in the propagation of a species and adds to genetic diversity on a larger scale. Spermatogenesis is the process of turning spermatogonial germ cells into spermatids through cell proliferation and remodelling. Several Inherent and external variables influence the process. Spermatozoa are discharged into the Epididymis via the seminiferous tubules, where they undergo post-testicular maturation and storage. At the time of ejaculation, the ejaculate, or semen, is freshly generated. Ejaculation usually follows a predictable Pattern.

Keywords: Shukra Dhatu, Spermatogenesis, Shukra Dhatu Utpatti, Shukra Strava

Corresponding Author	How to Cite this Article	To Browse
Mudigonda Srinivasa Raju, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of PG Studies in Rachana Shareera, Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Inchal, Karnataka, India. Email:	M R Patil, Mudigonda Srinivasa Raju, Kavitha Butali, Review on Utpatti of Shukra Dhatu as per Ayurveda. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(9):86-90. Available From https://www.jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2082

Introduction

Dhatu is ‘Dhu-Dharayati’ which means Dharana - to support and Poshana - to nourish the body. The Term Dharana denotes that these said to make the structural architecture of the body. Dhatus are the body’s Supporting components. Well-nourished Dhatus give strength to body and maintain health and immunity.

Dhatu of week quality are prone to disease. The Sapta Dhatus exists, as concrete formed entities e.g., the Circulating Rasa and Rakta (Plasma and blood), Mansa (muscular tissue), Medas (adipose tissue), Asthi (bone Tissue), Majja (bone marrow) and Shukra (semen and other reproductive elements). These Sapta Dhatus are Being continuously formed with necessary materials derived from Ahara (nutrient materials). These Dhatu is of two kinds Sthayee or Poshya (stable or to be nourished) and Asthayee or Poshaka (unstable or which Nourishes). Sapta Dhatu already existing as stable dhatus and equal number of metabolically transformed Precursor nutrient, substances obtained from Ahara and are meant to be utilized for nourishment, synthesis and Maintenance of Sthayee Dhatus respectively. Nutrient substances undergo transformations under the influence of their own Ushma and thereafter Transported to the Dhatus through their specific transporting channels. The seven Dhatus that support the body undergo two kinds of transformation (Paka) i.e., Prasad and Kitta, under the influence of its own Agni Prasada Bhaga of Ahara Rasa nourished seven Dhatus including Ojas. Kitta Bhaga nourishes Sweda, Mutra, Purisha, Vata, Pitta, Kapha and Malas of eye, ear, nose, throat, mouth, hair follicle and external genitalias Dhatu means Rasa-Raktadi seven Dhatu but in certain condition some other substances are also present which can be considered as Dhatu. The nutrient portion of food which gives rise to Prasadakhya Dhatu, which are seven Dhatu, five Indriya Dravyas, parts of the joints and related structures. Malakhya Dhatu are the product of Kitta Bhaga of Ahara Rasa, these are Vata, Pitta, Kapha, Sweda, Karnamala, Nasikamala, Mukhamala, Romakupamala, Prajanannmala, Kasha, Nakhas And other excretions are also considered as Malas.The seven Dhatus of the body are formed one after the other i.e., from Rasa Rakta is formed, from Rakta Mamsa is formed and so on. In the end from Majja Shukra is formed.

The two words Guru and Laghu are mentioned by Acharya Charaka in connection with Dhatus. He believes that if Dhatus are numbered from Rasa to Shukra, they would continue to become Guru in character, but the reverse is true for Laghu. As a result, the Rasa and Shukra are referred to as Laghutam and Gurutam.Dhatvagni, Vayu, and Strotasa all play a part in ensuring that Dhatus are properly nourished. Vayu is in charge of transporting a specified amount of nutrition to each Dhatu. Strotas is Dhatvagni's site since he is the one who processed and transformed Posaka Dhatu into Posya Dhatu. Strotasa are the transportation and transformation channels. Agni is necessary for all transformations.

As a result, it is inferred that each Dhatu's Dhatvagni lives at Strotasa, which is accountable for Dhatu's Parinamana from one state to another.

Aims and Objectives

1. Comparative study of Shukra with contemporary Science

2. To analyze the concepts of Shukra Utpatti given in Ayurvedic Literature with special reference to the concept of spermatogenesis in modern anatomy.

3. To give an appropriate and elaborative description of Shukra, it’s property etc.

Materials and Methods

Literary and conceptual study will be undertaken by data compiled from

1. Brihatrayee

2. Laghutrayee and other classical texts

3. Journals and presented papers

4. Previous research work

5. Reliable websites.

Review of Literature

The term ‘Shukra’ is derived grammatically as: Sucha + Raka + Kram = Shukra.

The Derived term “Shukra” has various meanings, including “bright,” “white,” and “resplendent.” “Puman Punsa Adhike Shukre Stree Bhabhatyadhike Striya” is how it is stated in Manusmriti.

Production/Formation of Shukra: Shukra’s Bhautik origin is thought to be Jalamahabhuta, as previously stated. The major fundamental Element from which Kapha is derived is Jala Mahabhuta. As a result, Shukra may be traced back to Jala Mahabhuta.From Ahara Rasa All of the Dhatu are created in a gradual evolutionary transformation from Rasa Dhatu to Shukra. This Indicates that Rasa Dhatu is made mostly from Ahara Rasa, which is absorbed via Jatharagni’s activity. Rasa Dhatu, for example, is transformed into Rakta Dhatu, and so on. The preceding Dhatu’s action of the associated Dhatvagni serves as a precursor to the next and higher Dhatus. Majja Dhatu is used to make Shukra Dhatu. These hypotheses, which describe the mode of conversion of Ahara Rasa into Shukra, are as follows:
1. Ksira-Dadhi Nyaya,

2. Khale-Kapota Nyaya,

3. Kedari-Kulya Nyaya

4. Eka-Kaal Dhatuposhana Nyaya

After Jatharagni and Bhutagni operate on the swallowed Chaturvidha Ahara, it transforms into Ahararasa. The action of Dhatwagni then begins. Dhatwagni’s action converts the old Dhatu and divides it into two pieces. They are Prasada Bhaga and Kitta Bhaga, respectively.

From Majja Dhatu: The semen is the highest stage at which food may progress. Shukra is the seventh and last Dhatu, and It is generated by a progressive evolutionary transformation as a Sara (essence) of all Dhatus. Shukra Dhatu is derived from Majja Dhatu’s Prasada Bhaga by Shukra Dhatvagni’s activity. In Asthi Dhatu, Vayu and Akasha Mahabhuta generate porosity. Shukra pours out of these pores like water from a fresh clay pot and Spreads throughout the body. According to Dalhana Acharya’s commentary on Sushruta, Mastiska or Mastulunga is Majja. Prof. V.J. Thaker believes that the brain and pituitary gland are functional representatives Of Majja. In this method, the creation of Shukra and secondary hair development at a specific age may be Understood. (Purushvichaya)

Time required for production of Shukra

According to Acharya Sushruta, the transformation of Ahara Rasa into Shukra Dhatu takes about a Month. However, according to

Parashara, those eight days are sufficient for Shukra Nirmana from the Ahara Rasa. Finally, Acharya Vagbhata cited all points of view from many authors, which may take up to twenty four hours, six days, or a month. All of the above mentioned viewpoints have been linked by Acharya Chakrapani, who has raised the notion to the rank of Dhatvagni. According to Acharya Chakrapani, if Dhatvagni is at its peak, Shukra creation takes place at the pace of ‘Archi’ (Fire) and takes eight days. Shukra Nirmana occurs at the pace of ‘Shabda’ (Sound) and generates Shukra Dhatu in two to three weeks if Dhatvagni Is moderate. When Dhatvagni is at a low level, the Shukra manufacturing process moves at the speed of ‘Jala’ (water).

Mechanism of Shukra Visarga/Strava (Ejaculation)

In the Shukradhara Kala, the Shukra Dhatu produced via evolutionary transformation penetrates all Over the body, and the Kala performs the following functions:

1. Abode for the all-pervading Shukra Dhatu: it contains and offers a abode for Shukra’s Sarvadaihika (wholebody) activities.

2. Assists Shukra Dhatu’s metamorphosis into Roopa Dravya.

The ejaculated component of Shukra, which is the only visible element of the Shukra Dhatu, is referred To as Roopa Dravya. The Roopa Dravya is generated in the Vrishana, the Mula of the Shukravaha Srotasa.With the following example, the process of its metamorphosis is discussed metamorphosically in classics - Shukra comes out of man, out of its site during copulation between man and woman, due to Chesta, Sankalpa, and Pidana, in a similar way to water flowing out of a wet towel when pressed.

Physical characters representing semen

Shukra’s characteristics have been mentioned by Acharyas. The characteristics are mentioned as Shuddha Shukra Lakshanas. Sphatikabha (crystalline), Ghrita-Ksaudra-Taila-Nibha (colour that of ghee, honey, oil), Madhugandhi (smelling like honey), Drava (liquid), Picchilabahu (abundant), Bahala (thick), Avisra (no bad smell), Shukla (white), Kaphavarga Madhura (sweet), Snigdha (unctuous), Rupadravya, Shukra, and Semen are represented by Sara (mobile), Sandra (dense), and Ambasi Kinchitmajjati (which dips in water).

1. Sphatikabha refers to the white and transparent colour of sperm.

2. The usual ½ Anjali Pramana indicates the quantity of semen represented by Bahu / Bahala.

3. Madhugandha is the distinct odour provided to sperm by its many components.

4. The Madhura flavour of Shukra comes from the seminal plasma’s fructose.

5. The PH of the sperm is known to as Avidahi, which means that it does not cause a burning sensation after ejaculation, showing that it is neither acidic nor extremely alkaline.

6. Due to diverse components of seminal plasma, characteristics like Drava (liquid), Picchila (viscous), Snigdha (unctuous), and Sara (fluid) show normal consistency of semen. The semen that is released During great pleasure of coitus is also indicated by the tendency to flow out (Pravana Bhava).

Feature of Sarvasariragata Shukra
Sarvasariragata Shukra is a term used to describe a person who is Shukra Sara.

a. Saumya - Gentleman

b. Saumyapreksinaha - Gentle look

c. Ksirapurnalochana - Eyes appearing filled with milk

d. Praharshabahula - Cheerfulness

e. Snigdha-Vrittasamhata - Dasanaha - Teeth which are unctuous, round, strong, dense & even

f. Prasanna Snigdha Varnasara - Pleasant unctuous voice and appearance

g. Bhrajisnuta - Dazzling appearance

h. Mahaspica - Large buttocks

i. Stripriya - Loved by women

j. Upabhoga Balavana - Virile

k. Sukha - Endowed with happiness

l. Aishwarya - Prosperity

m. Arogya - Health

n. Vitta - Money

o. Sammana - Honor

p. Apatyabahula - Many offspring

Discussion

Shukra’s characters allude to sperm, which is a component of Retas.

1. The vitality, motility, count, and proper morphology of sperms may all be linked to Phalavata. All of these Sperm have the ability to fertilise the ovum, which is Garbhakara.

2. Anutva denotes insignificance, whereas sperm is a tiny structure.

Shukra’s density includes characters like Guru and Ghana, which may be used to refer to both sperm and semen. Shukra Dhatu also occupies the whole body, as each Dhatu is situated in every region of the body. Shukra Dhatu Sthana has been described in many ways by various academics, including: similarly, to how fragrance is not present in a flower bud but is discovered when it blooms, the Shukra Is the same. Shukra is present in the body in Avyakta Roopa in childhood, however when the young stage is reached, Shukra functions arise in the body. Shukra is found in all parts of the sentient body, including sugarcane juice, curd ghee, and sesame seed oil. Shukra Dhara Kala is the seventh Kala, and it penetrates everyone’s whole body. Shukra, like ghee in Milk and sugarcane juice, is invisibly ubiquitous, which implies Shukra is present throughout a person’s body. Shukra Dhatu is found in every cell of the body, according to the sources listed above. Because every cell has the ability to divide, we may deduce Shukra Dhatu’s Garbhotpadana function. Shukra Dhatu is associated with valour, orgasm during sexual intercourse following ejaculation, pleasure or love and affection for the other sex, physical strength, and exhilaration.

Shukra Dhatu is also associated with seed, or reproduction. Acharya Dalhana comments here, the presence of Shukra Dhatu causes Dhairyam, or heroism in the body.

Conclusion

Shukra Dhatu is the most superior of the seven Dhatus. Because it is the result of Dhatu Parinamana, it is regarded as the essence of all Dhatus. When he feels sexual desire, he expresses Shukradhara Kala, which is Present throughout his entire body. Every cell has the ability to duplicate and understand the Garbhotpadana.

Shukradhatu is a Jala Mahabhuta Pradhana that is generated from Aahar Rasa via Majjadhatu. It is found in every cell of the body and plays an important role in reproduction; it is comparable to prostaglandins. Shukra’s Abhivyakti suggests that, despite its inconspicuous presence since birth, its full expression happens only after A particular period, i.e., puberty. Dhairya (sexual potency), Chyavanam (timely ejaculation), Preeti (love for Partner), Dehabalam (physical strength), Harshana (sexual desire), and Beejaratha are the functions of the Shukra (to serve the function of Beeja i.e., procreation). Harsha, Darshana, Smarana, hearing the voice, Sparshana, or performing sexual activities activates Shukra, which then travels to the testis and ejaculates it. In this study, all concepts related to Shukra Dhatu Utpatti (Formation) and Strava (Ejaculation) stated in Ayurved are summarised and simplified, making it easier for future readers and researchers to locate and comprehend the information in a quick and efficient manner.

Reference

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Manuscript Received	Review Round 1	Review Round 2	Review Round 3	Accepted
2022-08-20	2022-08-22	2022-08-29	2022-09-05	2022-09-12
Conflict of Interest	Funding	Ethical Approval	Plagiarism X-checker	Note
Nil	Nil	Yes	17%

Review Article

Shukra Dhatu

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences