E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Eksara Gana

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2022 Volume 7 Number 11 December
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

A Review on Eksara Gana

Rani J.1*, Katru P.2, Sharma R.3, Sharma A.4
DOI:

1* Jyoti Rani, PhD Scholar, Department of Agad Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

2 Priyanka Katru, PhD Scholar, Department of Agad Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

3 Renu Sharma, PhD Scholar, Department of Agad Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

4 Anita Sharma, Professor, Department of Agad Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Agad Tantra is a branch of Astang Ayurveda and it deals with the toxicology. Many formulations are explained in different type of poisoning in which one is Eksara Gana. Total seventeen drugs are described in this context and the usage is totally up to doctor’s intellectuality. Eksara Gana can be used as single drug form or can be mixed with two or more drug. All the drugs are called as anti-poisonous and can be used in every poisoning condition.in researches, all the drugs had been proved beneficial for different system of body. So, it should be used according to target of poison. For ex- if poisoning is of due to Mandali (viper) snake bite, then its main target is blood and kidney so Varuna and Shyama can be used.

Keywords: Agad, Astang, Eksara, Mandali, Snake

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Jyoti Rani, PhD Scholar, Department of Agad Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Email: 		Jyoti Rani, Priyanka Katru, Renu Sharma, Anita Sharma, A Review on Eksara Gana. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(11):145-149.
Available From
https://www.jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2107

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2022-11-01 2022-11-02 2022-11-09 2022-11-16 2022-11-23
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 17%

© 2022by Jyoti Rani, Priyanka Katru, Renu Sharma, Anita Sharmaand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022;7(11)145
Rani J et al: A Review on Eksara Gana

Introduction

In nature, every herb is useful. There is nothing called waste. Every herb has its own properties and they can be beneficial and harmful according to their way of use and dose. But some herbs and substance are having some special properties due to which they are harmful. It can be animate or inanimate. By referring the Samhita, it can be concluded that existence of these herbs and other substance was known before origin of the whole world.[1]

Agad Tantra is a branch of Ayurveda which deals with all types of Visha (poison) i.e., Sthavar (Inanimate) and Jangam (Animate), their detailed description is given in Samhita. With the explanation of these animate or inanimate poison, the antidote and other treatment is also explained. The branch which includes this description about poison and treatment is called Agad Tantra and it is one among the Ashtang Ayurveda.[2]

Rasapanchak and action of Eksara Gana ingredients are given in Table no. 1 & 2

Table 1: Rasapanchak[4] of ingredients of Ekasar Gana

SN Name B. Name Rasa Guna Virya Vipaka
1. Bakuchi Pushp Psoralea Corylifolia Katu, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Usna Katu
2. Katabhi[5] Careya Arborea Katu Ruksha Usna Katu
3. Sindhuvar Vitex Negundo Katu, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Usna Katu
4. Varun Crataeva Nurvala Tikta, Kashay Laghu, Ruksha Usna Katu
5. Kustha Saussurea Lappa Tikta, Katu, Madhura Laghu, Ruksha Tikshana Usna Katu
6. Sarapgandha Rauwolfia Serpentina Tikta Ruksha Usna Katu
7. Saptala[6] Euphorbia Tirucalli Tikta Laghu Sheeta Katu
8. Punarnva Boerhavia Diffusa Madhur, Tikta, Kashya Laghu, Ruksha Usna Madhur
9. Sheerish Pushpa Albizzia Lebbeck Kashaya, Tikta, Madhura Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshana Ishad Usna Katu
10. Aargwadh Cassia Fistula Madhur Guru, Mridu, Snigdha Sheeta Madhura
11 Shyama (Priyangu) Callicarpa Macrophylla Tikta, Kashay, Madhur Guru, Ruksha Sheeta Katu
12 Ambastha Cissampelos Pareire Tikta Laghu, Tiksha Usna Katu
13 Vidanga Embelia Ribes Katu, Kashya Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshan Usna Katu
14 Aamra Mangifera India Kashaya Laghu, Ruksha Sheeta Katu
15 Asmantak Ficus Rumphii Kashay Laghu, Ruksha Sheeta Katu
16 Bhumi (Krishan Mrittika)[7] ------ Madhura Snigdha, Sheeta, Guru Sheeta Madhura
17 Kurbak (Sairyek) Barleeria Prionitis Tikta, Madhura Laghu, Snigdha Usna Katu

Table 2: Properties of ingredients of Eksara Gana[4]

SN Name Doshaghanta Karma
1. Bakuchi, Bakuchi Pushp Kapha-Vatta Krimi, Kustha, Twaka Vikara, Visha, Kandu, Vaman, Swasha, Kasha, Sotha, Pandu
2. Katabhi[5] Kapha Prameha, Nadivrana, Visha, Krimi,
3. Sindhuvar Kapha-Vaata Keshya, Netrahitta, Shola, Sotha, Krimi, Kustha, Pleeha, Gulma
4. Varun Kapha-Vatta Gulam, Krimi, Agnideepana, Raktadoshahara, Vidhardhi
5. Kustha Kapha-Vatta Vattaroga, Visarpa, Kasa, Kstha, Hikka, Jwara
6. Sarapgandha Kapha-Vatta Ruchyaa, Sholaprashaman, Nidraprada, Hridyavsadini, Krimi, Jwara, Agnimandya, Visha, Rakta-Catadhikya
7. Saptala[6] Kapha Sotha, Aanah, Pittanashan, Udavarata, Raktaprakopa
8. Punarnva Tridhosha Sopha, Garavisha, Slehsmahara, Udar Roga, Pandu, Hridroga, Kasa, Urkshata, Shoola
9. Sheerish Pushpa Tridosha Vishghana. Visrapa, Kasa, Vrana, Twakdosha, Swasha
10. Aargwadh Vatta-Pitta Mridu Virechaka, Jwara, Hrid Roga, Pitta Rechaka, Udavarta, Shola, Ruchikaraka
11. Shyama Tridosha Rakta-Atisara, Swedanashak, Jwaranashka, Gulma, Trishna, Daha
12. Ambastha Tridosha Shola, Jwara, Chardi, Kustha, Atisar, Hridroga, Daha, Kandu, Visha, Swasha, Gulma, Garavisha, Vrana
13. Vidanga Kapha-Vatta Agnideepana, Shola, Adhman, Vibandh, Krimi, Kustha, Prameha, Shiroroga
14. Aamra Kapha-Pitta Asirgdara, Grahi, Ruchikrit, Hardya, Vranya, Sukravivardhanam
15. Asmantak Kapha-Pitta Sangrahi
16. Bhumi [8] Kapha-Pitta Kshata, Daha, Raktapradar
17. Kurbak Kapha-Vatta Kustha, Kandu, Visha, Keshranjana

Many formulations with their administration route, Anupana, Pathya-Apathya are explained to fight with the poisonous condition, in which one is Eksara Gana. This Eksara Gana[3] is explained in Sushruta Samhita, Kalpa Sthana, Chapter- 5 -Sarpadashtachikitsa, Shloka- 84-86. In this Gana total 17 drugs are given.

Method of preparation

In Shloka, it is said that these are drugs can be use as Ekala (single) or can be used as mixture of two or more. All drugs are anti-toxic. No specific preparation is given.

Anupana: Anupana is not mentioned in context.

Matra: not mentioned in context so by general rule it can be taken.

Discussion

All the ingredient of Eksaar Gana is anti-oxidant in nature. Sheerish has been proven as hepatoprotective in various study. It has been also proved as anti-asthmatic,


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022;7(11)146
Rani J et al: A Review on Eksara Gana

analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic.[9] Acharya Charak and Sushruta had told the Sheerish as best anti-toxic drug. So Sheerish can be given in all Visha and specially in the condition where patient suffer from respiratory problem.

Punarnva is known for its anti-inflammatory and diuretic property. It is also proved as hepatoprotective, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic activity.[10] So Punarnva drug can be used in the poisoning with dominancy of inflammation, nephrotic symptoms.

Sarpagandha has very good anti-hypertensive activity along with sedative and good impact in mental agitation, insomnia. Thus, Sarpgandha can be used in poisoning condition with clinical feature of hypertension, schizophrenia condition.[11]

Varuna is known for its diuretic activity as well as hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity. So, in poisoning with nephritis condition [12], Varuna can be used. With Varuna, Punarnva also can be used.

Nirgundi has been proven as very good anti-oxidant as well as cardiotonic. It is also having anti-asthmatic activity and anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic activity.[13] So, Nirgundi would be very beneficial in poisoning with symptoms of fever, inflammation. Thus, all the drugs can be used according to poisoning condition and the main target organ of poison.

Probable mode of action is explained in table no 3,4,5 and 6.

Table 3: Probable mode of action Eksara Gana in Sarpa Visha

Snake Symptoms[14] Action Eksara Gana
Darvikara (Cobra) & Rajimantha (Krait) Pain Shoolaghna Punarnva, Sinduvara, Sarpgandha, Aargwadh, Ambastha, Vidanga
Breathing & Swallowing Shwasa, Kasa, Hikka Hara Bakuchi, Sheerish, Ambastha
Paralysis Vatahara, Nadibalya Sarpagandha, Aaragwadh
Nausea Deepana, Pachana, Chardighna Varun Sarpagandha, Aaragwadh, Vidanga
Mandali (Viper) Inflammation & Edema Shothaghna Bakuchi, Sinduvara, Saptala, Punarnva, Aargwadh
Necrosis Vranahara, Ropaka Bakuchi, Varun, Saptala, Sheerish, Krishsn Mritikkaambastha
Renal Failure Mootrala Varun

Table 4: Probable mode of action Eksara Gana in Loota Visha

Symptom[14] Karma Eksar Gana
Dadru Mandala & Vivarnatha Kusthaghana, Raktaprasadak Varnya Bakuchi, Sinduvara, Varun, Sheerish, Ambastha, Aamra
Kandu Kandughna Bakuchi, Varun, Ambastha, Aamra, Kurbak
Visarpatha Visarpaghna Kustha, Saptala, Sheerisha
Shotha Shothaghna Bakuchi, Sinduvara
Trishna Dahaprashaman, Sheetavirya Shyama, Aamra, Asmantak
Bahuvedana Shoolaghna Sarpagandha, Vidanga
Jwara Jwaraghna Kustha, Argwadh, Shyama
Aashupaka & Kotha Vrana Shodhaka, Vrana Ropaka Kustha, Sheerish, Ambastha , Kurbak

Table 5: Probable mode of action Eksara Gana in Mooshika Visha

Symptom [43] Karma Eksaar Gana
Granthi & Karnika Kapha & Medohara Katabhi, Saptala
Shopha Shothaghna Bakuchi, Sinduvara, Saptala
Mandala Kusthaghana Bakuchi, Sinduvara, Sheerisha, Kurbak
Pidaka & Visarpa Visarpaghna Sinduvara, Varun, Kustha, Saptala, Sheerisha
Kitibha Raktaprasadana, Kusthaghana Bakuchi, Siduvara, Varun, Sheerisha
Vedana Soolaghna Punarnva, Sinduvara, Sarpagandha, Vidanga

Table 6: Probable mode of action Eksara Gana in Vrischika Visha

Symptom Karma Eksaara Gana
Vedna Shoolaghna Punarnva, Sinduvara, Sarpagandha, Aargwadh, Vidanga
Vepathu Vaatashaman Kustha
Gatrastambha Usna Katabhi, Sinduwar, Varun, Kustha, Sarpagandha
Daha Dahashaman, Sheetvirya Ambastha, Shyama, Krishan Mrittika
Sweda Dahashaman, Sheeta Virya Shyama
Jwara Jwaraghna Kustha, Sarpgandha, Shyama, Ambastha
Murcha Sanjnaprabhodana, Hrudya, Indriyaprasadna Punarnva, Aargwadh, Ambastha
Sphota Kusthghana, Varnya, Rakdoshahara Sinduvara, Kustha, Saptala

Conclusion

Eksara Gana is explained for all type of poisoning and no restriction about administration route or Anupana is given. It can be given in single drug or can be combined with other also. Only the thing is to keep in mind that the quantity and route of administration should be according to condition of patient and totally on doctor’s intellectuality.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022;7(11)147
Rani J et al: A Review on Eksara Gana

Reference

1. Susruta Samhita, edited by Kaviraj Ambikadutta Shastri, Kalpasthan, chapter-3, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, reprint:2017 page no-41

2. Astang Hrdayam, edited by Dr. Brahmanand Tripathi, Sutrasthana, Chapter 1, Chaukmabha Sanskrit Pratishthan, page-5

3. Susruta Samhita, edited by Kaviraj Ambikadutta Shastri, Kalpasthan, chapter-5, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, reprint:2017 page no-66

4. Darvyaguna vigyana, Prof. P.V. sharma, reprint: 2013, Chaukambha Bharati academy

5. Katabhi- Padamshree prof. Krishanchandar chunekar, vyakhya on Bhav Prakash Nighantu, reprint-2010, chaoukhmabha Bharati academy, page- 531

6. Saptala- Padamshree prof. Krishanchandar chunekar, vyakhya on Bhav Prakash Nighantu, reprint-2010, chaukhmabha Bharati academy, page- 296

7. Dr. prashanna Nepal, Dr. Aditi, Dr. Shalini, Dr. Umesh Shukla, A literary review on Mrittika Chikitsa wsr to Krishna mrittika, World journal of pharmaceutical and medical research, 2022,8[8], 194-197

8. Krisham mritika- Padamshree prof. Krishanchandar chunekar, vyakhya on Bhav Prakash Nighantu, reprint-2010, chaoukhmabha Bharati academy, page- 610

9. Dr.Gajendra kumar sharma, Dr. Nishtha Dubey, Review of Shirish [Albizia lebbeck] therapeutic properties, International Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 5:1 [2015],p- 1683–1688

10. Mayukh Sharma A Review of Boerhavia diffusa [Punarnava] As Per Ancient Aspect & Recent Advantages with Pharmacotherapeutic Properties, Ilkogretim Online - Elementary Education Online, 2020; Vol 19 [Issue 4]: pp.3262-3265 http://ilkogretim-online.org

11. Reeta Kumaria, Brijesh Rathib, Anita Ranic, Sonal Bhatnagar, Rauvolfia serpentina L. Benth. ex Kurz.: Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects, nt. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 23[2], Nov – Dec 2013; nᵒ 56, 348-355

12. Bal Nigamanand, Chaubey Suresh, Tiwari Ramesh Chandra, Kour Gagan Deep, Dhyani Srishti. Varun [Crataeva Nurvala Buch-Ham]: A Critical Review w.s.r. to Urinary Tract Disorder. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research. 2016;4[4]:49-52

13. Parveen kumar, Smita Kumari. Pharmacological Properties of Nirgundi: A Review. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research. 2020;8[2]:68-73

14. Gopendra Chandra Kamal, Chaitra H. Gururaj, A review on bilwadi agada and its indications, world journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, volume 10, issue 3, 338-347


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2022;7(11)148