E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Roga Chatushka

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2023 Volume 8 Number 1 January
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Application of Trividha Bodhya Sangraha w.s.r. to Roga Chatushka

N. Bhirdi P.1*
DOI:

1* Praveen N. Bhirdi, Assistant Professor, Department of Samhita & Siddhanta, KLE Shri BMK Ayurveda Medical College & Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

The method of Chatushka is adopted so as to conglomerate the similar descriptions under one heading, so the descriptions related to Bhaishajya were placed under Bhaishajya Chatushka and so on & also dual classification of the aim of Ayurveda i.e., Swastha Rakshana and Vikara Prashamana forms a kind of base. Roga Chatushka is comes under in Vikara Prashamana forms, the determination of formulations and procedures depends upon the principle of management, and the principle of management lies upon the understanding of pathogenesis. The Roga Chatuska provides complete fundamental understanding of pathogenesis in concise manner. A general protocol which comprehends all the pathogenesis is represented by Acharya Charaka with description of Trividha Bodhya Sangraha (Prakriti, Adhishthana, Samutthana). An attempt has been made in the present paper to analyze the application Trividha Bodhya Sangraha in relation with Roga Chatushka.

Keywords: Roga Chatushka, Trividha Bodhya Sangraha, Agni & Grahani, Ayurveda

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Praveen N. Bhirdi, Assistant Professor, Department of Samhita & Siddhanta, KLE Shri BMK Ayurveda Medical College & Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Praveen N. Bhirdi, Application of Trividha Bodhya Sangraha w.s.r. to Roga Chatushka. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2023;8(1):137-140.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2231

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2022-12-03 2022-12-05 2022-12-12 2022-12-19 2022-12-26
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 19%

© 2023by Praveen N. Bhirdiand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(1)137
Bhirdi P: Application of Trividha Bodhya Sangraha w.s.r. to Roga Chatushka

Introduction

चतुष्काणां महार्थानां स्थानेऽस्मिन् सङ्ग्रहः कृतः |

श्लोकार्थः सङ्ग्रहार्थश्च श्लोकस्थानमतः स्मृतम् || (Cha. Su. 30/46)

Chatushka indicates the knowledge of a subject with different angles reveals deep thinking of its particular subject through their respective study.[1] This meaning indicates Chatushka as a necklace of 4 strings. Synonyms of “The Chatushka” as per quoted by Charaka are - Chatuspada[2], Adhikara[3] & Adhyaya.[4]

Dual classification of the aim of Ayurveda i.e., Swastha Rakshana and Vikara Prashamana forms a kind of base. The Vikaraprasamana (treatment) is dependent on the proper knowledge of “Rogavijnana”. Because treatment comprises mainly of three factors that is,

1. Determination of line of treatment

2. Selection of the drug

3. Proper procedure for drug administration

The understanding of these factors is explained in detail through Yojana, Bheshaja and Kalpana Chatushka respectively. But the appropriate conduction of these three factors is based on the nature of pathogenesis and that is discussed in Roga Chatushka. Therefore, it is evident that the Roga Chatushka provides a foundational understanding for the achieving of Vikaraprashamana.

The Roga Chatuska provides complete fundamental understanding of pathogenesis in concise manner. It contains 4 chapters –

Roga Chatushka

1. Kiyanta Shirashiya

2. Trishotiya

3. Astodariya

4. Maharoga

A general protocol which comprehends all the pathogenesis is represented by Acharya Charaka with description of Trividha Bodhya Sangraha.[5]

Trividha Bodhya Sangraha

1. Vikara Prakriti

2. Vikara Adhisthana

3. Vikara Samuthana

Vikara Prakruti is pathogenesis of the disease. Vikara Adhisthana is a pathological site of the disease. Vikara Sammutthana is how etiological factors are developed pathology or origin of diseases. If we know about Vikara Prakruti then it is helpful to us, know about pathological component which are involved in pathology. If we know about Vikara Adhishthana then it is helpful to us which is a pathological site and where we will work.[6]

If we know Vikara Sammuthana (origin of disease) then it is helpful to us for Nidana Parivarjana. It is help to stop growth of disease. So, the concept of Trividha Bodhya Sangraha is helpful to us about diagnosis of non-mentioned diseases.

Discussion

According to Adhikarana Tantrayukti[7] the Roga Chatushka possesses the Adhikara of Roga Vijnana, the titles of the Adhyaya have the Adhikara for the respective chapters, the general principles for Roga Vijnana quoted in Roga Chatushka possess the Adhikara for the whole Rogavijnana.

The Kiyantah Sirashiya gives knowledge about Samavayi Kaarana of Roga i.e., Dosha and Dushyadi, in respect to different angles of pathogenesis. It gives understanding about how the Vyadhiprakriti has been produced. It also describes variations of Doshas i.e., Kshaya, Sthana and Vriddhi. The narration of Kshaya is also explained with the example of Madhumeha Pidaka.[8]

It is necessary to localize Dosha in Adhisthana for the manifestation of disease. The provoked Dosha according to the diversity of localization in different regions produces variety of diseases. Trishothiya presents explanation of above mentioned process i.e. process of Sthanasamshraya, through example of Shotha, with concentration on Adhisthana.[9]

In Astodariya Adhyaya the “Samutthana” has been elaborated by narrating broad classification of disease i.e., Samanyaja Vikara. It is carried out with help of “Sankhya” and “Vidhi” Samprapti. Sankhya Samprapti gives the idea about total number of types of pathogenesis, Vidhi Samprapti occupies majority of portion of genesis among totality of Samprapti.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(1)138
Bhirdi P: Application of Trividha Bodhya Sangraha w.s.r. to Roga Chatushka

Therefore, the description of Samutthana is mainly conveyed through Vidhi Samprapti. Thus, Sankhya and Vidhi Samprapti are combinedly provides knowledge of variants of pathogenesis. For example, the Udara is produced in eight types of Samutthana Viz. Vata, Pitta, Kapha, Sannipata, Pleeha, Chhidra, Baddha, Udaka[10]; ultimately manifests symptoms in eight variety.

In Maharoga Adhyaya remaining disease other than Samanyaja Vikara i.e., Nanatmaja Vikara[11] has been narrated on the basis of Prakrti Samanya. The broad classification (Yathasankya Sangraha) of Vikara is not enough for the achievement of knowledge of Dhatusamyata. Therefore, to compile the knowledge related to Vikara and to give a general methodology for diagnosis of all diseases, the Maharoga is described.

The state of Dhatuvaishamya is termed as the disease. Agni is stated as a root cause for the health and disease condition.[12] Application of Trividha Bhodhya Sangraha is narrated with the help of diseases like Grahani & Jwara etc. in relation with Agni.

Table 1: Grahani in relation with Trividha Bhodhya Sangraha

Grahani

SN Trividha Bhodya Sangraha Components
1. Vikara Samuthana Vishesha Nidana : “Abhojanat Atibhojanat.....”
    Nidanarthakara Roga : “Atisaraeshu Yonatiyatnavana Grahanigada”
2. Vikara Adhisthana Vishesha Sharirika Adhisthana Site : “Grahani Ashritam Grahani Dosha...”
    Srotas: Annavaha, Pureeshavaha Srotodusti: Sanga, Atipravrutti
3. Vikara Prakruti Vishesha Lakshana :“Atisrishtam Vibadham Va Dravam...” Dosha: Pitta Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi
    Dhatu: Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa Agni: Mandagni

Table 2: Vikara Prakruti in relation with various diseases

SN Vikara Prakruti Components
1. One symptom pertaining to many diseases. Diseases having similar signs and symptoms. §   Jwara §   Adhoga Raktapitta and Pittaja Prameha §   Vatavyadhi and Urustambha
2. Cardinal features §   Excessive watery stools in Atisara §   Santapa Deha Manasa in Jwara
3. Linga Sankara Combination of symptoms observed in particular diseases.
4. Vyadhi Sankara It manifests due to conglomeration of diseases (Ubhayarthakari) Examples: Navajwara, Raktapitta

Table 3: Vikara Samuthana in relation with various diseases

SN Vikara Samuthana Components
1. Diseases having own Nidana Eating mud in Mridbhakshanajanya Pandu Roga
2. Diseases having similar Nidana Jwara and Gulma
3. One disease as Nidana for another disease (Nidanarthakara Roga) Grahani and Atisara, Pleeha / Arsha / Grahani causing Udara Roga
4. Genetic factors Arhsa, Klaibya
5. Contagious (Upsargika) Krimi, Shosha, Netra Abhishyanda

Table 4: Vikara Adhisthana in relation with various diseases

SN Vikara Adhisthana Components
1. Sharirika or Manasika Adhisthana Jwara: Sharirika and Manasika Adhisthana
2. Site of manifestation of disease §   Sandhivata §   Grahani §   Udara Roga §   Katishoola §   Pada Suptata §   Shiroruk §    Hanubheda §   Trikgraha §   Sronibheda

Conclusion

The Prayojana of Roga Chatushka is to elaborate the fundamental understanding of Dhatuvaishamya which is necessary for proper administration of Aturasya Vikara Prasamana Chikitsa. Agni is the prime force for the sustenance of all biological systems/living being. Hence, the four types of Agni (Kayagni, Jatharagni, Dhatvagni and Mahabhutagni) should be considered as the appropriate reason for the explanation of four Adhyaya in Chatushka. The arrangement of Roga Catuska provides a complete methodology for getting knowledge of Roga Vijnana mainly based on Vikara Prakruti, Vikara Adhisthana and Vikara Samutthana. Kiyantana Sirashiya Adhyaya narrates various aspects of generation and manifestation of Vikara Prakruti. Trishothiya Adhyaya describes Roga Vijnana with respect to Vikara Adhisthana. It provides understanding that how the Vikara Prakruti manifests symptomatology in variety of diseases by localizing in various Adhisthanas. Astodariya Adhyaya gives a method for understanding of Vikara Samutthana. In Which Manner, the Vikara Prakruti (Dosha Dushya) Produces Sammurcchana in Vikara Adhisthana is explored by Astodariya. Maharogadhyaya - comprehends the knowledge of Roga Vijnana, which is explained in previous Adhyaya with respect to determination of Principles of Management. So, application of Trividha Bodhya Sangraha carried out throughout the Roga Chatushka.



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Bhirdi P: Application of Trividha Bodhya Sangraha w.s.r. to Roga Chatushka

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