E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Eranda Tail

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2023 Volume 8 Number 4 April
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Therapeutic aspects of Eranda Tail (Oil of Ricinus Communis)

Singh R.1*, Kakade R.2, Gulhane J.3
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.4.27

1* Ramraj Singh, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Government Ayurved College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

2 Rupali Kakade, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Government Ayurved College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

3 Jayant Gulhane, HOD and Associate Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Government Ayurved College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Castor Oil is one of the main drugs used for Virechana Karma (purgative therapy) under Panchakarma therapy. Castor oil is a vegetable product extracted from Ricinus communis (castor seed). The castor oil is pungent; hot, heavy, and curative of Vata and Kapha. In combination with astringent, sweet, and bitter substances, it also, cures Pitta. It pacifies Vata, the aggravation of which is the root cause of all diseases. It is also administered as an adjuvant for various formulations. Even though it has various medicinal properties, inappropriate usage causes adverse effects such as dizziness, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea; etc. as well as a proper review of Eranda Tail w.s.r. to Samhita is not available. So, this article mainly focuses on the properties, qualities, Indication, Contraindication, Mode of action, administration, dose, and adverse effects of castor oil.

Keywords: Eranda Tail, Vata, Ricinus Communis, Castor oil, Vata Vyadhi

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Ramraj Singh, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Government Ayurved College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Email: 		Ramraj Singh, Rupali Kakade, Jayant Gulhane, Therapeutic aspects of Eranda Tail (Oil of Ricinus Communis). J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2023;8(4):158-165.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2413

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-02-28 2023-03-02 2023-03-09 2023-03-16 2023-03-23
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 17%

© 2023by Ramraj Singh, Rupali Kakade, Jayant Gulhaneand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

The plant has been cultivated for over 6000 years and was a source of oil for lamps and cosmetics in ancient Egypt. Among Chatusnehas (four types of unctuous materials), Taila (oil) is the best for the management of Vatavyadhi (diseases of Vata) as it possesses opposite Gunas (properties) of Vata.[1] In Vatika Vikaras (disorders caused by Vata) Sneha Virechana (purgation by oil) is advised[2], as it clears obstruction in the Srotas (body channels) and relieves Vata vitiation subsequently. Eranda Taila (Castor oil) is one of widely used oil in Ayurvedic disease management both internally and externally. It is also administered as adjuvant for various formulations. Eranda Taila (Castor oil) is a wonderful drug which can also rejuvenate the body and can be administered in many ways. Panchangul (Leaves arrangement like 5 fingers), Vatari (Enemy of vitiated Vata), and Chitrabeeja (Seed with design) are synonyms[3], Erand is also called as Vatari as it controls the Vata by its Madhur Rasa, Madhur Vipaka, and Ushna Virya[4] Eranda increases the Pitta hence it is not recommended in Pitta dominant conditions. Indigestion is the root cause of many diseases. Ama, the endogenous toxin is the main culprit in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Use of Ricinous oil can prevent these conditions. Castor oil mainly consists of Ricinoleic acid. Even though it has various medicinal properties, inappropriate usage causes adverse effects such as dizziness, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea; etc [5] as well as proper review of Eranda Tail w.s.r. to Samhita, is not available so This article mainly focuses on the Properties, qualities, Indication, Contraindication, Mode of action, administration, dose, adverse effects of castor oil and common Ayurvedic formulation of Eranda Tail.

Aim and Objectives

1. Identify the qualities and Properties of Eranda Tail according to Ayurveda.

2. Review the general and specific indications and contraindications of Eranda Tail.

3. Identify the mechanism of action of castor oil according to Ayurveda.

4. Describe the Route of administration, dose, and potential adverse effects of castor

5. Common Ayurvedic formulations of Eranda Tail.

Materials and Methods

Review work done and literature from the classical texts and research websites have been incorporated into the study.

1. The qualities of Castor oil

Rasa Guna Virya Vipaka Prabhav Doshgnata
Madhur Tikta, Katu[6] Guru, Snigdha Pichala, Tkshna, Sara, Sukshma [7] Ushna Madhur Rasayana Vata-Kapha Har

2. Properties of Castor oil: Castor oil is sweet and heavy and increases Kapha; it is highly curative of Vata, Rakta Gulma, heart disease, and chronic fever.[8]

Castor Oil is sweet, hot (in its potency), irritating and appetizing. It leaves a pungent astringent aftertaste and is subtle. It acts as a cleansing agent in respect of the internal channels of the body and is wholesome to the skin. It is spermatopoietic, sweet in digestion (Vipaka), and rejuvenating. It purifies the semen, vagina, and removes vaginal and uterine disorders, and contributes to the preservation of sound health. It improves the memory, complexion, and intellect (of its user), subdues the bodily Vayu and Kapha, and cleanses the system from all injurious principles by inducing purging.[9]

Castor oil is known to consist of up to 90% ricinoleic, 4% linoleic, 3% oleic, 1% stearic, and less than 1% linolenic fatty acids.

3. Indication and Contraindication of Castor oil

Indication

1. If the Vata is obstructed by Meda, Kapha, Pitta, or Rakta (vitiated blood) in the disease like[10] Gulma (lump-like feeling in the abdomen), Udara (abdominal diseases include ascites), Bradhna (inguinal swelling), Piles, Splenic enlargement, Udavarta (abnormal upward movement of Vata), Yoni-Roga (gynaecological diseases), Seminal disorders, disorders of Meda and Kapha associated with Deep-seated Vatarakta (gout), Sciatica, Hemiplegia etc. and in other Vatika

2. Heart-disease[8]

3. Chronic fever[8]

4. Skin disorders[9]

5. In Kati-Guha-Koshta-Pristha pain and swelling[6]


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Contraindication

1. Gastrointestinal obstruction[11]

2. Appendicitis[11]

3. Perforation[11]

4. Inflammatory bowel disease[11]

5. Pregnancy[12]

6. Hypersensitivity[12]

7. Severe impaction[12]

8. Rectal fissures[12]

In diagnostic tests such as colonoscopies, it is essential to have a bowel preparation before performing the procedure. Castor oil may be used in these types of procedures as it is effective in bowel evacuation. However, in these procedures, patients typically have better results and satisfaction with other laxatives such as sennosides, polyethylene glycol, and bisacodyl. In a study comparing castor oil to senna graph syrup, the senna group had fewer side effects and better bowel preparation overall.

4. Specific Indication and their condition

SN Indication Condition Anupan Acharya
1. Gulma[13](lump like feeling in abdomen) 1.Vata Gulma associated with Kapha dominance 2.Vata Gulma associated with Pitta dominance Varuni wine     Milk Charak
2. Shvayathu[14] Administration of Eranda Tail before meal in the pt. of Shvayathu whenever obstruction in stool and Apanvayu.   Charak
3. Avarana Yukta Udara Roga[15] (abdominal diseases includes ascites) Kapha is afflicted with morbid Vata and Pitta or where Vata is overlaid by Kapha and Pitta With relevant herbs that cure the morbid Dosha Charak
4.  Vataj Grahani[16] In Strast Dosha Avastha of Vataj Grahani for Virechan Kshara Charak
5. Udavarta (abnormal upward movement of Vata) and Anaha[17] (bloating in upper abdomen) Obstructed by Meda, Kapha, Pitta or Rakta (Vitiated blood) With milk, meat soup, juice or Triphala decoction, vegetable soup, cows’ urine, alcoholic drink etc. Charak
6. Vatavyadhi[18] After oleation and sudation procedures mild purgation Milk Charak
7. Deep-seated Vatarakta[19] (gout) whom Dosha are excessively aggravated Milk Charak
8. Gridhrasi   In the management of Gridhrasi, extensive use of Vasthi and Pana by medicated Eranda Taila with Vajeegandhadi drugs is recommended.[20] It is also advised to take Eranda Taila with Gomutra for one month for Gridhrasi.[21] Yogratnakar
9. Katisula In Katisula, of different origin Eranda Taila should be taken along with Dasamoolee Kashaya or Nagara Ambu.[22] Yogratnakar
10. Amavatha To win over the mighty elephant called Amavatha roaming all over the body; only one lion called Eranda Taila is enough (Aamavatha Gajendrasya Sarira Vana Charina, Eka Eka Nihantyashu Eranda Taila Kesari).[23] Bhavamisra
11. Vata Udara In Vata Udara, Eranda Taila can be used orally along with Dasamoola or Gomutra or with Triphala Churna.[24] In Udara Roga Samanya Vidhi, there is description suggesting that Eranda Taila should be taken along with Ksheera or with Mutra.[25] Eranda Taila is advised as Pathya for Udara Roga.[26] Yogratnakar
12. Mutrakrichha (Dysuria) Eranda Taila added with Yavakshara and consumed relieves dysuria; in case of pain in the waist in (Eranda Taila) should be consumed either with decoction of Dasamula or of Nagara.[27] Bhavamisra
13. Scrotal enlargement due to Vata In scrotal enlargement due to Vata the patient should be administered oleation therapy first, followed by purgation, drink Eranda Taila mixed with milk for one month. Guggulu and Eranda Taila consumed along with Gomutra; this cures scrotal enlargement of Vata origin quickly, though persisting for a long time.[28] Bhavamisra
14. Antra Vriddhi (scrotal hernia) Eranda Taila cooked with decoction of Bala and consumed suitably cures Antra Vriddhi (scrotal hernia) associated with flatulence and pain in the abdomen.[29] Bhavamisra
15. Bradhna Roga Paste of Abhaya is fried in Eranda Taila and then added with powder of Krsna and Saindhava and consumed daily is best to cure Bradhna Roga.[30] Bhavamisra
16. Slipada (Filariasis) The patient of Slipada (Filariasis) who consumes Haritaki, fried in Gandharva Hasta Taila (Eranda Taila) along with Gomutra, everyday gets cured of Slipada within seven days.[31] It is regarded as Pathya for Vriddhi Vardhma Roga.[32] It is regarded as Pathya for Slipada.[33] Bhavamisra

5. Mode of action

jaims_2413_01.JPG


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5. Route of Administration and Dose: Castor oil administration is via the oral route, as the oil needs to be broken down by intestinal lipases to have its stimulant laxative effects. An appropriate daily dose for an adult male is 15 to 60 ml per day.[34] Castor oil should be administered up to the dose of five Pala depending on the strength of the person, nature of disease, and the Koshta. If the person is weak and is of Mridu Kosta (laxed bowel) then, castor oil should be given along with food. Along with oral route it can be administered via anal route in the form of enema therapy.

7. Adverse effects of castor oil: The adverse effects of castor oil are a common reason why it is not used often in conventional medicine. In a study comparing castor oil to sennosides, castor oil tended to cause abdominal cramping, vomiting, bloating, and dizziness. Far fewer adverse effects were occurring with the use of other laxatives.[35]

8. Common Ayurvedic formulations of Eranda Tail

Guggulu Preparations Oil preparations Ghrita preparations Other preparations
Vatari Guggulu[36] Sihanada Guggulu[37] Punarnava Guggulu[38] Gandharvahasthadi Eranda Taila[39] Pinda Tail[40] Misraka Sneha[41] Tail Panchak[42] Pancha Sneha[43] Brhatsaindhavadi Taila[44] Hingutriguna Taila[45] Swasari Thailam[46] Sarivadi Thailam[47] Sukumara Ghrita[48] Parpanadi Ghrita[49] Varunadi Ghrita[50] Sarvmayantaka Ghrita[51] Punarnavadi Ghrita[52] Vataghna Lepa[53] Gudabhallatak[54]

Discussion

gynaecological diseases), Seminal disorders and Mutrakrichha (Dysuria).

In all types of Vataja Shul

In backache, cervical pain, sciatica and in arthritis Eranda oil with Guggul formulations is a prototype of Ayurvedic therapeutics.

In Kamala (Jaundice)

In obstructive pathology E recommended to relieve t and to maintain the flow of components. In Liver diseases where the jaundice appears, the Eranda oil is used as a 'Sneha Virechana'.

Nityam Enam Virechayet

Udar (Ascites) is the condition where the fluid retention is present in the peritoneum.

It is generally secondary to Liver diseases. The leaves of Eranda are utilized locally to reduce the abdominal girth in ascites.

Eranda Tail for Prana Vaha Srotas

In the respiratory conditions like Shwasa (asthma) & Kasa (cough) where the channels are clogged with mucoid & sticky secretions. Erand oil is used to relieve the obstructions from the channels.

Eranda Taila in Avarana

In condition where Kapha is afflicted with morbid Vata and Pitta or where Vata is overlaid by Kapha and Pitta, it should be treated by oral medication of Eranda Tail (oil of Ricinus communis) processed with relevant herbs that cure the morbid Dosha.

Mridu Samshodhana (Mild purgation)

The oleation and sudation procedures should be repeatedly administered so that the disorders of Vata may not stay in the viscera softened by oleation procedure. If due to residual morbidity, the symptoms did not subside with the above procedures, then the patient should be cleansed by means of mild drugs mixed with unctuous articles.

For this purpose, the patient may take the medicated ghee prepared with Tilvaka or Satala, or castor oil with milk; all of these are auspicious and expel the morbid humors.

By excessive use of unctuous, sour, salty and hot articles of diet, the excretory matter gets accumulated and occluding the alimentary passage, obstructs the Vata, hence Anuloman of Vata should be done by castor oil.

Due to its Sukshma Guna, it can enter into minute pores, and Srotovishodhana property enables it to cleanse the channels. It enhances Medha Kanti Bala Arogya Smriti (improve cognitive and memory functions and augment general health and heartiness).

Conclusion

Ricinus communis or castor plant is a widely traditionally used and potent medicinal plant amongst all the thousands of medicinal plants. The approved FDA condition for which castor oil may be useful as a stimulant laxative, which can be beneficial in constipation and medical procedures. With chronic idiopathic constipation being one


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of the most common GI complaints, castor oil can be of great benefit. Mridu Samshodhana (Mild purgation) or Anuloman action occur by Eranda Tail in all over the indications mentioned above. A systematic review of Eranda Taila provides information about its properties, qualities, Indication, Contraindication, Mode of action, administration, dose, adverse effects of castor oil and common ayurvedic formulation of Eranda Tail etc. Srotorodha is a main cause for disease generation. It has wide range of indications and is an ingredient in various potent formulations. It is a conventional laxative with less adverse effect and is inexpensive. It pacifies Vata and Kapha Dosa, is Sukshma, Srotosodhsana and Rasayana in property. The therapeutic aspect of Eranda Tail is much more and can be given in various disorders.

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44. Bhavamisra, Bhavaprakasha, vol 2, Third edition, Madhyamakhanda, Amavathaadhikara, shadvimso adhyaya, sl. 116-121 Text with English Translation. Translated by Prof. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 2005, Page no. 380.

45. Vaghbata, Ashtanga hridaya, Vol II, Chikitsasthana, sl. 39, Gulma chikitsa, Text with English translation by Prof. K. R. Srikantha murthy, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 2008, Page no. 407.

46. Sahasrayoga Panchama Prakarana - Artha tailayoga, Hindi translation by T. B Pandit rao, edited by Vaidya Mahendrapal Singh Arya. Kendriya Ayurveda Vijnan Anusandhan parishat. New Delhi, 2011, Page no 291.

47. Yogratnakara, 2nd edition, vatha rakthe tailani, ghrtm, sl 71. Text with Vaidyaprabha Hindi Commentary by Indradev Tripathi and Dr. Daya Shankar Tripathi, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 2007, pg no. 445.

48. Sahasrayoga, Ghrita yoga Prakarana- Sukumara Ghrita 5, Hindi translation by T. B Pandit rao, edited by Vaidya Mahendrapal Singh Arya. Kendriya Ayurveda Vijnan Anusandhan parishat. New Delhi, 2011.

49. Sahasrayoga, Ghrita yoga Prakarana- Parpanadi Ghrita 26, Hindi translation by T. B Pandit rao, edited by Vaidya Mahendrapal Singh Arya. Kendriya Ayurveda Vijnan Anusandhan parishat. New Delhi, 2011.

50. Sahasrayoga, Ghrita yoga Prakarana- Varunadi Ghrita 27, Hindi translation by T. B Pandit rao, edited by Vaidya Mahendrapal Singh Arya. Kendriya Ayurveda Vijnan Anusandhan parishat. New Delhi, 2011.

51. Sahasrayoga, Ghrita yoga Prakarana- Sarvmayantaka Ghrita 46, Hindi translation by T. B Pandit rao, edited by Vaidya Mahendrapal Singh Arya. Kendriya Ayurveda Vijnan Anusandhan parishat. New Delhi, 2011.

52. Sahasrayoga, Ghrita yoga Prakarana- Punarnavadi Ghrita 57, Hindi translation by T. B Pandit rao, edited by Vaidya Mahendrapal Singh Arya. Kendriya Ayurveda Vijnan Anusandhan parishat. New Delhi, 2011.

53. Sahasrayoga, Churna yoga Prakarana, Hindi translation by T. B Pandit Rao, edited by Vaidya Mahendrapal Singh Arya. Kendriya Ayurveda Vijnan Anusandhan parishat. New Delhi, 2011.

54. Sahasrayoga, Leha yoga Prakarana, Hindi translation by T. B Pandit Rao, edited by Vaidya Mahendrapal Singh Arya. Kendriya Ayurveda Vijnan Anusandhan parishat. New Delhi, 2011.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(4)164