E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Panduhara

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2023 Volume 8 Number 5 May
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Panduhara drugs of Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Samhita - A Review

Naga Sravani B.1*, Laxmi Ravali M.2, Vijaya Lakshmi A.3
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.5.6

1* B. Naga Sravani, Post Graduate Scholar, Post Graduate Department of Dravyaguna, Dr. BRKR Government Ayurvedic College, KNR University of Health Sciences, Erragadda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

2 M. Laxmi Ravali, Post Graduate Scholar, Post Graduate Department of Dravyaguna, Dr. BRKR Government Ayurvedic College, KNR University of Health Sciences, Erragadda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

3 A. Vijaya Lakshmi, HOD & Professor, Post Graduate Department of Dravyaguna, Dr. BRKR Government Ayurvedic College, KNR University of Health Sciences, Erragadda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Pandu Roga is one of the diseases mentioned in Ayurveda characterised by pallor which is associated with different colours according to Doshas (Body humours) involved. This can be clinically corelated to Anaemia in modern science due to resemblance of signs and symptoms. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu is one of the oldest Lexicon that provides information about the Ayurvedic drugs and their properties in details. This is a literary survey based on Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Bhavaprakasha Samhitha was aimed to find out single drugs and their properties which are used in the treatment of the disease Pandu. In Bhavaprakasha Nighantu Pandu Hara drugs are six in Haritaki Varga, nine in Guducyadi Varga, five in Vatadi Varga, eight in Dhatu Varga, three in Sakha Varga were found. The author also mentioned Dugda (milk) in Dugda Varga, Takra (buttermilk) in Takra Varga, Naveena Ghrita (freshly made ghee) in Ghrita Varga, Tushodaka (sour barley gruel) and Sukta (fermented gruel) in Sandhaniya Varga, Go-mutra (cow’s urine) in Mutra Varga as Pandu Hara. Total 38 single drugs have mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. In Bhavaprakasha Samhita there are two main classical formulations which are useful in Pandu Roga and most of the ingredients of these formulations are similar with single drugs mentioned in Bhavapraksha Nighantu and 19 drugs are additionally found in Bhavaprakasha Samhitha.

Keywords: Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, Panduroga, Lexicon, Bhavaprakasha Samhita

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
B. Naga Sravani, Post Graduate Scholar, Post Graduate Department of Dravyaguna, Dr. BRKR Government Ayurvedic College, KNR University of Health Sciences, Erragadda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Email: 		B. Naga Sravani, M. Laxmi Ravali, A. Vijaya Lakshmi, Panduhara drugs of Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Samhita - A Review. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2023;8(5):30-40.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2484

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-03-25 2023-03-28 2023-04-04 2023-04-11 2023-04-18
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil 17%

© 2023by B. Naga Sravani, M. Laxmi Ravali, A. Vijaya Lakshmiand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)30
Sravani B et al: Panduhara drugs of Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Samhita

Introduction

Pandu is derived from Sanskrit word which means ‘Pale’ or ‘Whitish’. The disease is characterised by the changes in skin colour to Pandu (White) or Peeta (yellowish) or Haritha (Green) depending upon the Dosha (Body humour) involved, known as Pandu. This is the most prevalent health issue, which is affecting individuals of all genders and ages.

In Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine, Pandu disease is considered as a result of an imbalance in the three Doshas of the body i.e., Vata (Air), Pitta (Fire) and Kapha (Moisture) especially Pitta is the mainly effected Dosha. This aggravated Pitta shows its effect on the Dhatus, where Rakta is mainly affected.[1]

In modern science features of Anaemia resembles with the signs and symptoms of Pandu Roga. In developing countries like India, Anaemia is the major health problem among children, adolescent girls and boys, women in child bearing age and men. In the year 2019-21 the data shows that 67.1% of children between the age of 6-59 months, 59.1% of adolescent girls and 31.1% of adolescent boys, nearly 52.2% of pregnant women and 25% of men are anaemic.[2]

Table 1: Panduhara drugs in Haritakyadi Varga[3-8]

SN Sanskrit name Latin name/Family Properties Reference
1 Ardraka Zingiber officinale Roscoe Zingiberaceae Katu Rasa Ushna Virya Madhura Vipaka Tiksna Guru Guna Dipana, Pacana, Vrsya Karma B.P.N 1/51
2 Pippali Piper longum Linn Piperaceae Katu Rasa Snigdha, Laghu Guna Anushna Virya Madhura Vipaka Agnidipana, Pacana, Rasayana, Vrishya Karma B.P.N 1/58
3 Vamsalocana Bambusa arundinaceae. Willd Poaceae Swadu, Kashaya Rasa, Sita Virya Vrishya, Balya, Uttejaka Karma B.P.N 1/117
4 Haridra Curcuma longa. L Zingiberaceae Katu, Tikta Rasa Ruksha Guna Ushna Virya Dipana, Grahi, Uttejaka Karma B.P.N 1/197
5 Bakuci Psoralea corylifolia. Linn Fabaceae Madhura, Tikta Rasa Sara Guna Sita Virya Katu Vipaka Rasayana, Balya Karma B.P.N 1/209
6 Yavakshara Potassium carbonate Laghu Snigdha Ruksha Guna Agni Dipaka Karma B.P.N 1/254

Bhavaprakasha Nighantu

Bhavaprakasha Nighantu is one of the oldest and most important Lexicon in Ayurveda which explains various synonyms, morphology, properties, therapeutic uses and dosages of the

single drugs. The Acharya Bhavamishra belongs to 16th century AD and his work Bhavaprakasha Nighantu contains 23 Vargas (groups) which include plants, minerals, Drava Dravyas.

This literary survey based on Bhavaprakasha Nighantu was carried out to collect single drugs that is useful in the management of Pandu Roga.

Table 2: Panduhara drugs in Guducyadi Varga[8-17]

SN Sanskrit name Latin name/Family Properties Reference
7 Guduci Tinospora cordifolia. Willd. Hook.f. Thoms Menispermaceae Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Rasa Laghu, Snigdha Guna Usna Virya Madhura Vipaka Rasayana, Balya, Dipana, Grahi Karma B.P.N 3/9
8 Agnimantha Clerodendrum phlomidis. L.f Verbinaceae Katu, Tikta, Kashaya, Madhura Rasa Laghu, Ruksha Guna Usna Virya Katu Vipaka Dipaka, Balya, Rasayana Karma B.P.N 3/24
9 Snuhi Euphorbia neriifolia. L Euphorbiaceae Katu Rasa Laghu, Tiksna Guna Katu Vipaka Usna Virya Dipana, Uttejaka Karma B.P.N 3/75
10 Mundi Sphaeranthus indicus. Linn Asteraceae Madhura Rasa Laghu Guna Usna Virya Katu Vipaka Medhya, Rasayana, Balya, Dipana Karma B.P.N 3/217
11 Punarnava Boerhavia diffusa. Linn Nyctaginaceae Katu, Kashaya Rasa Laghu, Ruksha Guna Usna Virya Katu Vipaka Dipana Karma B.P.N 3/231
12 Bringaraj Eclipta alba. Hask Asteraceae   Katu Rasa Ruksa, Tiksna Guna Usna Virya Katu Vipaka Balya, Rasayana Karma B.P.N 3/241
13 Mandukaparni Centella asiatica. Linn Umbelliferae Tikta, Kashaya, Madhura Rasa Laghu, Sara Guna Sita Virya Katu Vipaka Medhya, Balya, Rasayana Karma B.P.N 3/281
14 Suvarchala Cleoma viscosa. Linn Capparidaceae Tikta, Kashaya, Katu Rasa Laghu, Ruksha, Sara Guna Madhura Vipaka Usna Virya Uttejaka Karma B.P.N 3/286
15 Devadali Luffa echinata. Roxb Cucurbitaceae Tikta Rasa Tikshna Guna Usna Virya Katu Vipaka Arsogna Karma B.P.N 3/292

Table 3: Panduhara drugs of Vatadi Varga[18-22]

SN Sanskrit name Latin name/ Family Properties Reference
16 Kakodumbara Ficus hispida Linn Moraceae Tikta Kashaya Rasa Sita Virya B.P.N 5/10
17 Sarjaka Vateria indica. L Dipterocarpaceae Kashaya, Tikta Rasa Snigdha Guna Sita Virya Katu Vipaka B.P.N 5/21
18 Kadhira Acacia catechu L.f Mimosiaceae Tikta, Kashaya Rasa Laghu, Ruksha Guna Sita Virya Katu Vipaka Kushtagna Prabhava Pacana Karma B.P.N 5/32
19 Dhava Anogeissus latifolia DC Wallich ex Guill Per Combretaceae Madhura, Kashaya Rasa Laghu, Ruksha Guna Sita Virya Katu Vipaka Pittanashaka Karma B.P.N 5/60
20 Tinisa Ougeinia dalbergioides Roxb. Hochr Fabaceae Kashaya Rasa Laghu, Ruksha Guna Sita Virya Katu Vipaka Rasayana, Grahi Karma B.P.N 5/76


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)31
Sravani B et al: Panduhara drugs of Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Samhita

Table 4: Panduhara drugs from Dhatvadi Varga[23-28]

SN Sanskrit name Latin name/ Family Properties Reference
21 Tamra Cuprum Kashaya Madhura Tikta Amla Rasa Katu Vipaka B.P.N 7/27
22 Vanga Stannum Laghu, Sara, Ruksha, Usna Guna Pitta Janaka B.P.N 7/31
23 Yasada Zinc Kashaya, Tikta Rasa Sita Virya Chaksusya Karma B.P.N 7/33
24 Loha Ferrum Tikta, Madhura Kashaya Rasa Sara, Guru, Ruksha Guna Sita Virya Chaksusya, Lekhana Karma B.P.N 7/42
25 Swarna Makshika Copper pyrite Madhura Tikta Rasa Rasayana, Vrishya Karma B.P.N 7/60
26 Tara Makshika Iron pyrite Madhura Rasa Madhura Vipaka Virya Vardhaka, Rasayana Karma B.P.N 7/64
27 Pittala Brass Tikta, Lavana Rasa Sodhana, Lekhana Karma B.P.N 7/75
28 Silajith Mineral pitch Katu, Tikta Rasa Katu Vipaka Chedana Yogavahi Karma B.P.N 7/84

Table 5: Panduhara drugs of Shaka Varga[29-31]

SN Sanskrit name Latin name/ Family Properties Reference
29 Guduci Patra Tinospora cordifolia Willd. Menispermaceae Kashaya Katu Tikta Rasa Laghu Guna Madhura Vipaka Rasayana, Balya Grahi Karma   B.P.N 9/42
30 Karavellaka Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Tikta Rasa Laghu Guna Sita Virya Katu Vipaka Pitta Samaka B.P.N 9/63
31 Hasti Karna Leea macrophylla Roxb ex Hornem Vitaceae Tikta Rasa Usna Virya Madhura Vipaka Grahi Karma B.P.N 9/109

Dugdha Varga[32]
32. Persons with Pandu Roga can take milk to get rid of the disease. (B.P.N 13/4)

Takra Varga[33]
33. Chitraka Mishrita Ghola is given in Pandu Roga. (B.P.N 15/13)

34. Takra Sevana acts as Pandu Roga Nashaka (cures Pandu Roga) (B.P.N 15/15)

Grita Varga[34]
35. Intake of Naveena Grita (freshly made ghee) is said to have Pandu Hara properties. (B.P.N 17/18)

Mutra Varga[35]
36. Gomutra (Cow’s urine) can also help in curing Pandu Roga. (B.P.N 18/2)

Sandhana Varga[36]
37. Tushodaka Sevana. (B.P.N 20/7)

38. Sukta Sevana cures Pandu Roga (B.P.N 20/15)

Bhavaprakasha Samhita[37]

Acharya Bhava Mishra also written a Samhita, Bhavaprakasha Samhita which is one among the Laghutrayi. In this Samhita in Panduroga Pratisedha, he mentioned two formulations for the treatment of Panduroga Punarnava Mandura and Navayasa Churna.

The drugs and their properties of this formulations are mentioned below.

Table 6: Drugs mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Samhitha[38-59]

SN Sanskrit name Scientific name/Family Properties acc. to Bhavaprakasha Nighantu Reference in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
1. Punarnava Boerhavia diffusa. Linn Nyctaginaceae Katu, Kashaya Rasa Laghu, Ruksha Guna Usna Virya Katu Vipaka Dipana Karma B.P.N 3/231
2. Maricha Piper nigrum Linn Piperaceae Katu Rasa Ushna Virya Katu Vipaka Tikshna Laghu Guna Dipana Karma B.P.N 1/59-61
3. Pippali Piper longum Linn Piperaceae Katu Rasa Snigdha, Laghu Guna Anushana Virya Madhura Vipaka Agnidipana, Pacana, Rasayana, Vrishya Karma B.P.N 1/58
4. Ardraka Zingiber officinale Roscoe Zingiberaceae Katu Rasa Ushna Virya Madhura Vipaka Tiksna Guru Guna Dipana, Pacana, Vrsya Karma B.P.N 1/51
5. Devadaru Cedrus deodara Roxb. Loud Pinaceae Tikta Rasa Usna Virya Snigdha Guna Katu Vipaka Amapacana Karma B.P.N 2/25
6. Trivrit Operculina turpethum Silva Manso Convolvulaceae Madhura Rasa Ushna Virya Ruksha Guna Pitta Samaka Karma B.P.N 3/193-194
7. Vidanga Embelia ribes Burm. F Myrsinaceae Katu Rasa Tiksna Guna Usna Virya Agni Vardhaka B.P.N 1/111-112
8. Chitraka Plumbago zeylanica Linn Plumbaginaceae Katu Rasa Ushna Virya Katu Vipaka Laghu Tiksna Guna Dipana Pacana Karma B.P.N 1/70-71
9. Kusta Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke Compositae Katu Madhura Tikta Rasa Ushna Virya Laghu Guna B.P.N 1/173
10. Daru haridra Berberis aristata DC Berberidaceae Katu, Tikta Rasa Ruksha Guna Ushna Virya Dipana, Grahi, Uttejaka Karma B.P.N 1/201-202
11. Amalaki Emblica officinalis Gaertn Euphorbiaceae Pancha Rasa Lavana Varjita Sita Virya Rasayana, Vrsya Karma B.P.N 1/38-41
12. Vibhitaki Terminalia bellirica Roxb Combretaceae Kashaya Rasa Madhura Vipaka Ushna Virya B.P.N 1/34-37
13. Haritaki Terminalia chebula Retz Combretaceae Pancha Rasa Lavana Varjita Ushna Virya Madhura Vipaka Agni Dipaka, Rasayana, Brimhana Karma B.P.N 1/19-22
14. Danti Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg Euphorbiacaea Katu Rasa Madhura Vipaka Ushna Virya Dipaka Saraka Karma B.P.N 3/197-200
15. Cavya Piper retrofractrum Vahl Piperaceae Katu Rasa Ushna Virya Katu Vipaka Pacaka Karma B.P.N 1/67
16. Kalingaka Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall Apocynaceae Katu Kashaya Rasa Ruksha Guna Sita Virya Agni Dipaka Karma B.P.N 3/116-117
17. Katuka Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Scrophulariaceae Tikta Katu Rasa Ruksha Laghu Guna Agnidipaka B.P.N 1/151-152
18. Pippalimula Piper longum Linn Piperaceae Katu Rasa Ushna Virya Katu Vipaka Agni Dipaka, Pacaka Karma B.P.N 1/64-65
19. Musta Cyperus rotundus Linn Cyperaceae Katu Tikta Kashaya Rasa Sita Virya Grahi Dipaka Pacaka Karma B.P.N 2/92-94
20. Sringi Pistacia integerrima Stew.ex. Brandis Anacardiaceae Kashaya Tikta Rasa Ushna Virya B.P.N 1/178-179
21. Karavi Carum carvi Linn Umbelliferae Katu Rasa Ushna Virya Laghu Guna Sangrahi Dipana Pacana Karma B.P.N 1/82-84
22. Yavani Trachyspermum ammi Spragus Linn Umbelliferae Katu Rasa Ushna Virya Tiksna Laghu Guna Pacaka Karma B.P.N 1/76-77
23. Katphala Myrica esculenta Buch-Ham Myricaceae Kashaya Tikta Katu Rasa   B.P.N 1/181
24. Loha Bhasma/Mandura Ferrum Tikta, Madhura Kashaya Rasa Sara, Guru, Ruksha Guna Sita Virya Chaksusya, Lekhana Karma B.P.N 7/42

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)32
Sravani B et al: Panduhara drugs of Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Samhita

Discussion

Bhavamishra mentioned extensive varieties of plant and mineral drugs for the treatment of Pandu Roga. He also mentioned some Drava Dravyas from Dugda Varga, Takra Varga, Ghrita Varga, Sandhaniya Varga, Mutra Varga as Panduhara. There is total 23 Vargas (groups) in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, but Panduhara drugs are mentioned in only 11 Vargas (groups). The total number of drugs mentioned in total are 38, among these 23 are herbal drugs, 8 are mineral drugs and 7 are Drava Dravyas. The drugs mentioned in each group are; Haritakyadi Varga - Ardraka, Pippali, Vamsalocana, Haridra, Bakuci, Yavakshara: Guducyadi Varga - Guduci, Agnimantha, Snuhi, Mundi, Punarnava, Bringaraj, Mandukaparni, Suvarchala, Devadali: Vatadi varga - Kakodumbara, Sarjaka, Khadira, Dhava, Tinisa: Dhatu Varga - Tamra, Vanga, Yasada, Loha, Swarna makshika, Tara Makshika, Pittala, Silajit: Sakha Varga - Guduci Patra, Karavellaka, Hasti Karna, Drava Dravyas - Dugda (Milk), Takra (Buttermilk), Ghola mixed with Chitraka (Buttermilk mixed with Plumbago zeylanica powder, Naveena ghrita, Tushodaka and Sukta, Go-mutra as Panduhara.

60.5% of the drugs are herbal, 20% are mineral and 21% are Drava Dravyas. While considering plants and mineral drugs they have some common properties like Rasa (taste), Guna (Properties), Virya (Potency), Vipaka (taste after digestion) and Karma (Action). Based on Rasa 61.2% Tikta (Bitter), 35% are Katu (Pungent), 48% Kashaya (Astringent), 32% Madhura (Sweet). The Virya of the drugs are 48.1% are Sita Virya (Cold potency), 48% Ushna Virya (Hot potency) and 3.7% Anushna (moderately hot in potency). And, most of the drugs having Katu Vipaka and some are having Madhura Vipaka.

The Dhatus (Metals) which are mentioned in this Nighantu are given in the form of Bhasma (Fine powder) after undergoing all the purification procedures according to the ancient texts. In Drava Dravyas (liquids) Dugda (milk) improves the strength of the body and it is rejuvenating, Naveena Ghrita (freshly made ghee) helps in treating Pandu Roga by improving digestion and promoting strength. Go-Mutra, Takra Sevana, Tushodaka and Sukta Sevana help in improving the condition of Pandu by improving the digestion and absorption.


These drugs have different Karmas like Dipana (kindles the digestive fire), Pacana (enhancing the digestion), Grahi (helps in the better absorption of nutrients), Rasayana (strengthening the immune system), Balya (increasing the physical strength), Brumhana (improving nutrition level of the body), Uttejaka (provocative or stimulative). All these properties and actions helps in alleviating the signs and symptoms of Pandu Roga.

Punarnava Mandura, Navayasa Churna are the most commonly used Ayurvedic formulations which are mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Samhitha.[53] While considering the ingredients of the above formulations Trivrit, Marica, Vidanga, Daru Haridra, Chitraka, Devadaru, Haritaki, Amalaki, Vibhitaki, Danti, Cavya, Kalingaka, Katuka, Pippli Mula, Musta, Karavi, Sringi, Yavani, Katphala are not mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu as Panduhara Dravyas. While going through these drugs, properties such as Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka and specific actions like Dipana, Pacana, Rasayana, Grahi as similar with Panduhara drugs which are mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu.

Further clinical efficacy of these formulations has been scientifically proven. (Sarita S.N et al 2018) [60] and (Babita Yadav et al 2017).[61]

Conclusion

There are 38 single drugs i.e., herbal, mineral and liquids has been mentioned in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu which have Panduhara action and additionally 19 drugs are mentioned in the formulations Punarnava Mandura and Navayasa Churna in Bhavaprakasha Samhitha. Scientific research is needed to be done to explore their pharmacological actions and clinical efficacy.

Reference

1. Sharma RK and Dash VB, Agnivesha’s Caraka Samhita, Volume IV, Varanasi, Chaukambha Sanskrit sansthan; 2021, 81-116.

2. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1795421 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Anaemia Mukt Bharat, 04 FEB 2022, PIB Delhi.

3. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.14-15.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)33
Sravani B et al: Panduhara drugs of Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Samhita

4. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2007, Haritakyadi varga, p.15-16.

5. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.56-57

6. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.111-112

7. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.119-121.

8. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.157-158

9. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.257-259.

10. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.268-271.

11. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.293-296.

12. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.398-399.

13. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.406-409.

14. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.414-415.

15. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha

Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.446-449.

16. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.450-452.

17. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.454-456.

18. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Vatadi varga, p.505-506.

19. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Vatadi varga, p.508-509.

20. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Vatadi varga, p.513-515.

21. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Vatadi varga, p.527-528.

22. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Vatadi varga, p.535-536.

23. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Dhatvadi varga, p.593.

24. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Dhatvadi varga, p.594.

25. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Dhatvadi varga, p.595-597.

26. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Dhatvadi varga, p.597-598.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)34
Sravani B et al: Panduhara drugs of Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Samhita

27. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Dhatvadi varga, p.598-599.

28. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Dhatvadi varga, p.600-601.

29. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Sakha varga, p.663.

30. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Sakha varga, p.670-671.

31. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Sakha varga, p.686-687.

32. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Dugdha varga, p.742.

33. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Takra varga, p.755-756.

34. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Gritha varga, p.760.

35. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Mutra varga, p.761.

36. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Sandhana varga, p.767&768.

37. K.R.Srikantha Murthy, Bhavaprakasha of Bhavamishra, Chowkambha Krishna Das Academy, Varanasi,2019, volume II, Madhya kanda, p.202-210.

38. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha

Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.406-409.

39. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.16-18.

40. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.14-15.

41. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.11-14.

42. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.10-12.

43. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.9-10.

44. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.1-7.

45. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.19-20.

46. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.19.

47. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.67-70.

48. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.31-32.

49. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.30-31.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)35
Sravani B et al: Panduhara drugs of Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Samhita

50. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.50-52.

51. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.87-91.

52. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.114-119.

53. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.97-98.

54. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Haritakyadi varga, p.95-96.

55. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Karpooradi varga, p.232-234.

56. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Karpooradi varga, p.187-188.

57. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.331-334.

58. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Guducyadi varga, p.385-387.

59. Gangasahaya Pandya, Prof. Krishna das Chunekar, Srimadbhavamishrapranitha Bhava prakasha Nighantu, Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2020, Dhatvadi varga, p.595-597.

60. Sarita S.N et al, A clinical evaluatin of punarnavadi mandura and Dadimadi ghrita in management of Pandu (Iron deficiency anaemia) in children, IAMJ: Volume 6, Issue 10, October 2018.

61. Babita Yadav et al, Clinical efficacy and safety of Navayasa Churna in the management of Iron

deficiency Anaemia, Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, April-June 2017;1(2):117-124.

62. Khusboo Kumari Gupta, et al, Pandughna drugs of Bhavapraksha Nighantu: A Literary review, World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2019, Volume10, Issue 8, 1622-1637.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)36