E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Srotas

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2023 Volume 8 Number 5 May
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Importance of Srotas - An overview

M. Parate M.1, Vyas S.2, Singh Baghel R.3, Kumar Yadav A.4*
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.5.15

1 Mayurkumar M. Parate, Associate Professor, Department of Rachna Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, Mansarovar Glowal University, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

2 Swati Vyas, Assistant Professor, Department of Samhita Siddhant, Faculty of Ayurveda, Mansarovar Glowal University, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

3 Ravindra Singh Baghel, Assistant Professor, Department of Rachna Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, Mansarovar Glowal University, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

4* Arvind Kumar Yadav, Assistant Professor, Department of Rachna Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, Mansarovar Glowal University, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Ayurveda has its own holistic approach to understand the Purush Sharir by different theories like Srotas, In Ayurvedic classics the term Srotas is used as all the macro and micro channels and pathways operating in the living organism. The concept of Srotas is unique contribution in the understanding of anatomy of human body. There is a description of Srotas by 13 Acharya Charak and 11 pairs of Srotas by Acharya Sushrut. Srotasas are the micro channels of the body which provide platform for activities of Tridosh, Dhatu, Oja, Agni etc. Acharyas also describe the anatomical origin of Srotas (Moola Sthana), its anatomy (shape), Dushti causes & Dusthi Lakshans (etiology & sign symptoms). The anatomical and physiological perspective of Srotas play vital role towards the normal health status of an individual since disturbed anatomical positioning and improper physiological functioning of Srotas can leads many health issues.

Keywords: Srotas, Mulasthana, Srotodusthi

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Arvind Kumar Yadav, Assistant Professor, Department of Rachna Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, Mansarovar Glowal University, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Email: 		Mayurkumar M. Parate, Swati Vyas, Ravindra Singh Baghel, Arvind Kumar Yadav, Importance of Srotas - An overview. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2023;8(5):90-100.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2497

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-03-25 2023-03-27 2023-04-03 2023-04-10 2023-04-16
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 16%

© 2023by Mayurkumar M. Parate, Swati Vyas, Ravindra Singh Baghel, Arvind Kumar Yadavand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)90
Parate M et al: Importance of Srotas An overview

Introduction

Ayurvedic classics proclaim “Srotomayam hi Shariram” means living body is a channel system comprised of innumerable channels which are designed as inner transport system for divergent functions. Srotas is used as a generic term indicating all the macro channels and pathway in a living organism. Srotas is mentioned in various Ayurvedic literature. Srotas meaning channels or pores which are present throughout the visible body as well as in “invisible” or subtle level of the cell, molecules, atoms and subatomic strata. It is through these channels that nutrient and other substances are transported in and out of our physiologies. In Srotas, two entities are described in terms of body organs and are described as Srotomoola (Root of Srotas). The Srotomoola can be compared with the roots of tree. Any injury to the roots leads to the destruction of the tree similarly injury to Srotomoola can affect the whole Srotas. So Moolas can be the physiological and anatomical controlling center of the Srotas.

The entire range of life processes in health and diseases depends on the integrity of the Srotas system, which is prone to vitiate and lose its integrity due to life style disorders and faulty food practice resulting in pathological developments, demanding periodic bio-purification.

Any macro or micro obstruction in channels lead to Sang Dosha which causes impatency at the Srotas level. This results into pathological development and disease.

Nirukti: The word Srotas is derived from Sanskrit root “Sru Gatau” Dhatu. The term Srotas means secreting, filtering, flowing, moving, oozing etc.

Srotas Paryay (Synonyms)

Acharya Charak has mentioned the synonyms of Srotas are Srotansi, Sira, Dhamani, Rasayani, Rasavahini, Nadi, Panth, Marga, Shariracchidra, Samvrit, Asamvrita, Sthana, Ashaya and Niketa.[5]

Acharya Vagabhatt has described synonym of Srotas in Ashtang Samgrah Sharir Sthan 6th chapter. These are Srotansi, Sira, Dhamani, Rasavahini, Nadi, Panth, Ayna, Marga, Shariracchidra, Samvrit, Asamvrita, Sthana, Ashyayaand Niketa.[6]

Srotas Aakrati [7]

Colour: According to Acharya Charak, Srotas have their color similar to that Dhatu which transported through it.

Size: Anu (Microscopic), Sthula (Macroscopic)

Shape: Vritta (Cylindrical), Dirgha (Long), Pratana (Reticulated)

Srotas Bhed (Types): Different texts of Ayurveda classified srotas as (Table 1)

Classification of Srotas

Acharya Charak[1]

1. Pranavahasrotas

2. Udakvahasrotas

3. Annavahasrotas

4. Rasavahasrotas

5. Raktavahasrotas

6. Manshavahasrotas

7. Medovahasrotas

8. Asthivahasrotas

9. Majjavahasrotas

10. Shukravaashrotas

11. Mutravahasrotas

12. Purishvahasrotas

Acharya Sushrut

Bahirmukhsrotas[2]: 9 in male and 12 in female, they are,

1. Netra-2

2. Karana-2

3. Nasika–2

4. Mukha – 1

5. Guda-1

6. Mutramarg - 1 and 3 extra 12 in females

7. Stanya-2

8. Apatyamarg -1

Antarmukha Srotas / Yogvahi Srotas - 11 pairs[3]

1. Pranavahasrotas


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)91
Parate M et al: Importance of Srotas An overview

2. Udakvahasrotas

3. Annavahasrotas

4. Rasavahasrotas

5. Raktavahasrotas

6. Manshavahasrotas

7. Medovahasrotas

8. Shukravahasrotas

9. Mutravahasrotas

10. Purishvahasrotas

11. Aartavvhasrotas

Asthang Hridaya[4]: Bahirmukhsrotas – 9 in male and 12 in female same as Maharishi Sushrut

Antarmukha Srotas - 13 - same as Acharya Charak.

Sharangdhar[5]: Bahirmukhsrotas 10 in male and 13 in female. Additional Bahirmukhsrotas in both male & female named as Brahmrandh.

Kashyap[6]

Mahat – 9 In males and 12 in female same as Bahirmukhsrotas of Sushrut

Sukshma Nabhi and Romkoop

Acharya Charak has also described Manovaha Srotas in different references.

Acharya Dalhana has Described Pranvaha, Annavaha, Varivaha, Rasvaha, Shonitavha, Mansavha, Medovaha, Yonikarnika and Swarvaha Srotas.

Acharya Vaghbhatt mentioned in Asthang Samgrah Sharir Sthan 5th Chapter there are infinite number of Srotasas in the body.

Acharya Vaghbhatt mentioned in Ashtang Samgrah nine Bahirmukha Srotasas are present in male and female have three extra Srotasas and thirteen Antarmukha Srotasas mentioned Sharir sthan 6th chapter.

General causes of Srotodushti

Acharya Charak has mentioned general causes of srotodushti in viman sthan 5th chapter srotovimaniya and explained that food and conduct which is similar to gunas of Vatadi doshas and opposite to Gunas of Dhatus are the causes of Srotodushti.[7]

Acharya Sushrut has not stated the general causes of Srotodushti.

Both Acharya Vagbhata has described Srotodushti similar to Acharya Charak.

Genral symptoms of Srotodushti and Srotoviddha

Symptoms of Srotodushti are Atipravriti, Sango, Siragranthi and Vimarg Gaman.[8]

Acharya Sushrut has not mentioned general symptoms of Srotodushti and Srotoviddha.

Regarding causes of Srotodusthi Vrihad and Laghu Acharya Vaghbhatt totally agree with Acharya Charak.

Further Acharya Vaghbhatt described in Astang Samgrah, if the Srotasas are Vidirna, there will be Bhram (giddiness), Moha (delusion), Kampp (Tremors), Pralaap (delirium), Aadhman (flatulence), Shool (pain), Aruchi (loss of appetite), Trit (thirst), Chardi (vomiting), Jwar (fever) Raktasuti (severe bleeding), Mutrapurisavrodha (suppression of urine and feaces), and Maran (death).

Acharya Vaghbhatt also described general symptoms of Srotoviddha in Ashtang Hridaya, these are - Moha (delusion), Kampp (tremors), Aadhman (flatulence) Chhardi (vomiting) Jwar (fever) Pralaap (delirium), Shool (pain) Mutrapurisavrodha (suppression of urine and faeces) and Maran (death).

Acharya Vagbhatt described the Vidhha Lakshan of Pranvaha Srotasdushti which are Atishrast or Pratibaddha, Kupita, Alpa Shasabda, Shoola. Vidhha Lakshan of Udakavaha Srotas are Atitrishna, Mukha Shosh, Karnaswedanam, Tamohdarshan and Srotovidhha Lakshan of Annavaha Srotas are according to the Matrasheetiya Aadhayaya where Acharya described the rules of taking food. If a person not follow the rule, then the Srotasas is been injured. Acharya Vagbhatt has interpreted that the different kinds of unhealthy foods and activities which bring about abnormalities has to be understood by the symptoms of the Vriddhi or Kshaya of the Dhatus and Malas.

Descriptions of all Srotas

1. Pranavaha Srotas: According to Acharyas Hṛidaya, Maha Srotas and Rasavahi


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)92
Parate M et al: Importance of Srotas An overview

Dhamni has been considered as Moolasthan of Praṇvaha Srotas. In this context the term Hṛidaya not only signifies the organ heart but also extends chest or cardiac region. Cardiac region is also important for normal flowing of Praṇvayu. The general treatment of disease of the vitiation of the Praṇvaha Srotas resembles with disease which originates from Amashaya i.e., Swas Roga.

Both Acharya Charak and Sushruta has considered different Mula Sthana of Pranvaha Srotas and symptoms of vitiations are also different.

Pranavaha Srotas Mulas: According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Pranvaha Srotas is Hridaya and Mahasrotas.

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of Pranvaha Srotas is Hridaya and Rasavahi Dhamni.

Pranavaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Pranvaha Srotas are vitiated by the - Kshaya of Dhatu, Vegadharan, Ruksha Sevan, exercise while hunger and over work.

Pranavaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

When Pranvaha Srotas is abnormal it causes many symptoms like Atishrast, Atibadha, Kupita, Alpa, Shasabda or Swasa with Shoola.

Pranavaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Vidhha on Pranvaha Srotas causes many symptoms like - Krosan, Vinaman, Mohan, Bhraamn, Vepanand & Maran.

Pranavaha Srotas Chikitsa

The treatment of Pranavaha Srotas is based on Swas Chikitsa. That mean what ever treatment is mentioned in Swas Roga that all will be applicable to Pranavaha Srotas Dushti.

2. Udakavaha Srotas: Talu and Kloma have been considered as Moolasthan of Udakvaha Srotas. Talu is commonly affected site in vitiation of this Srotas. In the Vidradhi of Kloma organ Pipasa seen as a cardinal features. In this regard Talu is Moolasthan as a vital diagnostic tool, and Kloma can be considered as a Moolasthan with clinical point of view.

Udakavaha Srotas Mulasthana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Udaka Srotas is Talu and Kloma.

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of the Udaka Srotas is Talu and Kloma.

Udakavaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Ambuvaha Srotas vitiated by - eating Ushma Seven, Madyapana, Sushaka Anna Seven and Trishna.

Udakavaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

When Uadakvaha Srotas is been vitiated it causes - dryness of Jivha, Talu, Oshatha, Kantha, Shosh of Kloma and excessive Pipasa.

Udakavaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Vidhha Lakshan of Udakavaha Srotas are - Pipasa & Saddyomaran.

Udakavaha Srotas Viddha Chikitsa

The treatment of Udakavaha Srotas is based on Trishna Chikitsa. That mean what ever treatment is mentioned in Trishna Roga that all will be applicable to Udaka Srotas Dushti.

3. Annavaha Srotas: Amashaya and Vamparshva has been considered as Mulasthana of Annavaha Srotas, including Annavaha Dhamani. Annavaha Dhamani plays vital role in the Priṇan Karma of Rasa Dhatu by carrying Paramsukshma Tejobhuta, properly digested, Panchbhautic Ahararasa to whole of body. Amashaya is the storage site of the Panchbhautic Anna and along with the Vamparshva. Amashaya is considered as Mulasthana with storage point of view, Annavaha Dhamanīes as conduction point of view and Vamparshva as clinical point of view.

Annavaha Srotas Mulasthana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Annavaha Srotas is Amashaya and Vamparshva.

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of the Annavaha Srotas is Amashaya and Annavahidhamni.

Annavaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Annavaha Srotas are vitiated by Aakaal, Atimatra, Aahita and Vaigunyat Paavak.

Annavaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

Vitiation of Annavaha Srotas causes - Annanaabhilasha, Arochak, Avipaak and Chhardi.

Annavaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Vidhha on Annavaha Srotas causes - Shoola, Annadves Chhardi, Pipasa, Aandhya and Maran.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)93
Parate M et al: Importance of Srotas An overview

Annavaha Srotas Chikitsa

The treatment of Annavaha Srotas is based on Amadosha Chikitsa. That mean what ever treatment is mentioned in Amadosha that all will be applicable to Annavaha Srotas Dushti.

4. Rasavaha Srotas: Hṛidaya and Dasa Dhamani has been considered as Mulasthan of Rasavaha Srotas. Hṛidaya is organ heart which is situated in the middle mediastinum of thorax and pumps the blood along with Rasa Dhatu throughout the body continuously. Hṛidaya performs pumping action of Rasa Dhatu, after that Dasa Dhamanis transports that Rasa Dhatu which is pure minutest essence of properly digested food through all corners of body. Thus, Hṛidaya is considered as Mulasthan with storage point of view and Dasa Dhamani as conduction point of view.

Rasavaha Srotas Mulasthana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Rasavaha Srotas is Hridaya and Dasha Dhamani.

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of the Rasavaha Srotas is Hridaya and Rasavahidhamni.

Rasavaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Rasavaha Srotas are vitiated by excessive intake of Guru, Sheet, Atisnigdha, Atimatra, Samshan and due to Atichinta.

Rasavaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

Rasavaha Srotas on vitiation causes Ashraddha, Aruchi, Aasyavairashya, Aarasagyata, Hallash, Gaurav, Tandra, Angmarda, Jwar, Tamah, Klaivya, Krishangta Balya and Palita.

Rasavaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Rasavaha Srotas on Vidhha causes Shosha, Same as Pranvaha Srotas Vidhha Lakshan and Maran.

Rasavaha Srotas Dushti Chikitsa

In all Rasaj Vikara, Langhana is a best treatment.

5. Raktavaha Srotas: Yakṛit and Pleeha are considered as Mulasthan of Raktavaha Srotas, Raktavaha Dhamai are also considered. Origin of Yakṛit and Pleeha takes place from Shoṇita (Rakta) during embryonic development. After birth for particular time period, production of Rakta takes place in Yakṛit. Raktavaha Dhamani conducts the blood after attaining red colour,

throughout all corners of body. In this regard, Raktavaha Dhamani is Mulasthan as conduction point of view.

Raktavaha Srotas Mulasthana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Raktavaha Srotas is Yakrit and Pleeha.

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of the Raktavaha Srotas is Yakrit, Pleeha and Raktavahidhamni.

Raktavaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Raktavaha Srotas vitiated by - intake of Vidahi Anna, Alcoholic drink, Snigdha, Ushna, Drava Aahar and exposure to sun.

Raktavaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

Raktavaha Srotas on vitiation causes Kushta, Visarpa, Pidaka, Rakta Pitta, Asrigdara, Guda Medhra Mukha Paaka, Gulma, Pleeha, Neelika, Kamala, Vyanga, Piplu, Tilakaalaka, Dadru, Charmadala, Shwitra, Paama, Kotha, Raktamanda.

Raktavaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Raktavaha Srotas on Vidhha causes - Shyavangata, Jwar, Daha, Panduta, Shonitagaman and Raktanetrta.

Raktavaha Srotas Dushti Chikitsa

For treatment of Raktaj Vikara, treatment mentioned in Raktapitta Vyadhi should be done along with Virrechan, Upvasa, and Shonita Stravana.

6. Mamsavaha Srotas: Snayu and Twacha has been considered as Mulasthan of Maṁsavaha Srotas, along with Raktavaha Dhamanis. Snayu is a basic storage site of Mamsa Dhatu. Twacha covers the whole Mamsa Dhatu or body externally and layer of skin covers the different layers of Mamsa Dhatu.

Mamsavaha Srotas Mulasthana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Mamsavaha Srotas is Snayu and Twacha.

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of the Mamsavaha Srotas Snayu, Twacha and Raktavahidhamni.

Mamsavaha Srotas Dushti Hetu
Mamsavaha Srotas are vitiated


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)94
Parate M et al: Importance of Srotas An overview

by intake of Abhishyandin Aahar, Sthul and Guru Aahar and sleeping after taking food.

Mamsavaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

Mamsavaha Srotas causes symptoms like Adhimamsa, Arbuda, Kila, Galashaluka, Galshundika, Putimamamsa, Alji, Galganda, Gandmala, Upajihvika.

Mamsavaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Mamsavaha Srotason Vidhha causes Soth, Mamsashosh, Siragranthi, Maran.

Mamsavaha Srotas Dushti Chikitsa

Sanshodhana, Shastra, Khsar, Agnikarma has been mentioned for the treatment of Mamsavha Srotas.

7. Medovaha Srotas Vrikka and Vapavahan along with Kaṭi has been considered as Mulasthan of Medovaha Srotas. The Vrikka vitally related with fat metabolism (Medo Dhatu Pushṭi). On account removal of adrenal glands Daurbalya, Karshya, Agnimand, Trishna etc. arises as complication. Vapavahan and Kati mainly store the excess fat in the body. Deposition of the excess fat in body is commonly occurs in abdomen. So Vapavahan and Kati are considered Mulasthan as storage point of view.

Medovaha Srotas Mulasthana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Medovaha Srotas is Vrikka and Vapavahan.

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of the Medovaha Srotas is Kati and Vrikka.

Medavaha Srotas vitiated by Avyayam, Aavyayaam, Diwaswapna, and Medovardhak Aahar.

Medovaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

Medovaha Srotas causes eight doses of Atisthool Purusa and Prameha Purvaropa.

Medovaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Vidhha on Medovaha Srotas causes Swedaagaman, Snighdhangta, Talushosh Sthoolta, Sopha and Pipaasa.

Medovaha Srotas Dushti Chikitsa

For the treatment of Medovaha Srotas, Acharya Charak has mentioned the line of treatment for Sthula Roga which is also applicable to Medovaha Srotas.

8. Asthivaha Srotas Meda and Jaghan Pradesh has been considered as Mulasthan of Asthivaha Srotas. According to Dhatupoṣaṇa Nyaya, the origin of Asthi Dhatu takes place on account of the specific action of Asthi Dhatvagni and Asthi Poshkansa which is formed at the time of Medo Dhatu Utpatti. Entire hip region can be considered as a Mulasthan mention Jaghan Pradesh. During old age vitiation of Asthivaha Srotas primarily seen in this region. Fracture of neck of femur is most frequently observed in old age. In this regard, Jaghan Pradesh is Mulasthan as diagnostic as well as clinical point of view.

Asthivaha Srotas Mulasthana
According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Asthivaha Srotas is Meda and Jaghan Pradesha.

Asthivaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Asthivaha Srotas vitiated by excessive Vyayaam, excessive Shobh, trauma to bone and intake of Vatavardhak Aahar.

Asthivaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

Asthivaha Srotas causes Adhyasthi, Adhidanta, Dantabheda, Aasthibheda Asthisula, Danta Vivarnta, Aasthi Vivarnta discoloration, abnormality in hairs and nails, beard and moustaches.

Asthivaha Srotas Dushti Chikitsa

Panchkarma is recommended for the treatement of Asthivaha Srotas. A Tiktsa Kshir Basti is also indicated for the treatment.

9. Majjavaha Srotas: Asthi and Sandhi has been considered as Mulasthan of Majjavaha Srotas. Majja is primarily found in long bones. Bone marrow occupies the cavities of the bones. At birth these cavities are filled entirely with red bone marrow. Fatty yellow bone marrow is placed in diaphysis and red bone marrow is in spongy bone tissue of long bones. Sandhi region includes entire lower end of one bone and entire upper end of other bone. In this way, Asthi and Sandhi are considered as Mulasthan with origin and storage point of view.

Majjavaha Srotas Mulasthana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Majjavaha Srotas is Asthi and Sandhi.

Majjavaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Majjavaha Srotas vitiated by Utpeshad, Abhisyandi, Abhighaat, Prapidnaat, Viruddha Anna Seven.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)95
Parate M et al: Importance of Srotas An overview

Majjavaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

Majjavaha Srotas on vitiation causes Ruk Parvana, Bhram, Murcha, Tamah and Arusham Sthool Molanam.

Majjavaha Srotas Dushti Chikitsa

The treatment of Majjavaha Srotas is Swadu and Tikata Anna, Vyavaya, Vyayam and purification according to times i.e., is according to Ritu.

10. Shukravaha Srotas: Vrishana and Shefa have been considered as Mulasthan of Shukravaha Srotas including Stana. Production of Shukra takes place in Vrishana. At the time of conception, it is conducted from Vrishana to Shefa by the specific tube like structures. Stana is explained as Mulasthan with diagnostic stand points. Vrishana is considered Mulasthan as origin and storage point of view, Shefa as conduction point of view and Stana as diagnostic point of view.

Shukravaha Srotas Mulasthana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Shukravaha Srotas is Vrishana and Shefa.

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of the Shukravaha Srotas is Stana and Vrishana.

Shukravaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Sukravaha Srotas vitiated by Akaal Maithun, Ayonigaman, Nigraha, Atimaithun, application of Kshara and Agni.

Shukravaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

Sukravaha Srotas causes following symptoms like Klaivya, Aharshanam his progeny is Rogi or Kleev or Alpaayu or Viroopam. Does not conceive and if conceive will be miscarried.

Shukravaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Sukravaha Srotas on Vidhha causes - Kleevata, Chirat Prasek and Raktashukrta

Shukravaha Srotas Dushti Chikitsa

The treatment of Shukravaha Srotas is Swadu and Tikata Anna, Vyavaya, Vyayam and purification according to times i.e., is according to Ritu.

11. Mutravaha Srotas: Basti and Vankshana has been considered as Mulasthan for this Srotas. Entire excretory system can be considered with Basti Pradesh. After formation of urine, it is stored

in the Basti and after that it is conducted through Vankshaṇa Pradesh up to Bahirmukh Srotas of the body for excretion. In this regard Basti is Mulasthan as storage and conduction point of view, Vankshaṇa as conduction point of view.

Mutravaha Srotas Mulasthana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Mutravaha Srotas is Basti and Vankshana.

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of the Mutravaha Srotas is Basti and Medhra.

Mutravaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Mutravaha Srotas vitiated by intake of Udaka, Bhakshya, Stri Seven intercourse while having the urge of micturition, Ksheena Kshata.

Mutravaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

Mutravaha Srotas on vitiation causes many symptoms like Atishrastam, Atibaddham, Prakupit and Bahlam Shool.

Mutravaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Vidhha on Mutravaha Srotas causes - Anbaddha Bastita, Mutranirodha, and Stabdha Medhrata.

Mutravaha Srotas Dushti Chikitsa

The treatment of Mutravaha Srotas is based on Mutrakrichha Chikitsa. That mean what ever treatment is mentioned in Mutrakrichha Roga that all will be applicable to Mutravaha Srotas Dushti.

12. Purishvaha Srotas: Pakwashaya and Sthulguda has been considered as Mulasthan of this Srotas. Pakwashaya has proximal part for the production of the fecal matter and distal part mainly for storage of faecal matter takes place. Storage takes place in Sthulguda and it is excreted out of the body. In this regards Pakwashaya is Mulasthan as origin and storage point of view and Sthulguda with storage and conduction point of view.

Purishvaha Srotas Mulasthana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Purishavaha Srotas is Pakwashaya and Sthulguda.

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of the Purishavaha Srotas is Pakwashaya and Guda.

Purishvaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Purishavaha Srotas vitiated by Sandharan, Aatyashan, Aajeerna, Krisha, Durbalagni.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)96
Parate M et al: Importance of Srotas An overview

Purishvaha Srotas Dushti Lakshana

Purishvaha Srotas causes voiding of Alpa Mala with Kricchata, Atibahu, Atidrava and Atigrathit, Associated with Shasabd and Shoolam.

Purishvaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Injury to Purisavaha Srotas causes - Aanaah, Durgandhata and Granthitantrata.

Purishvaha Srotas Dushti Chikitsa

The treatment of Purishavaha Srotas is based on Atisar Chikitsa. That mean what ever treatment is mentioned in Atisar Roga that all will be applicable to Purishavaha Srotas Dushti.

13. Swedavaha Srotas: Meda and Lomkup have been considered as Mulasthan for this Srotas. Production of Sweda takes place in the form of Mala of Meda Dhatu. Lomkup is Avirbhav Sthan of Sweda and through that Sweda is excreted out of body. In this regard Meda as origin point of view and Lomakupa as conduction point of view are considered as Mulasthan for Medovaha Srotas.

Swedavaha Srotas Mulashtana

According to Acharya Charak the Mula of Swedavaha Srotas is Meda and Lomkupa.

Swedavaha Srotas Dushti Hetu

Swedavaha Srotas vitiated by Ativyayaam, Santaap, and indulgence in Sheet or Ushna things without proper use, Srotas is vitiated also due to Krodha, Shok and Bhaya.

Swedavaha Srotas Dushti Lakshan

Swedavaha Srotas causes - Aaswedan, Atiswedan, Parushyta Atishalanshan, Paridaha and Lomharsha

Swedavaha Srotas Dushti Chikitsa

The treatment of Swedavaha Srotas is based on Jwara Chikitsa. That mean what ever treatment is mentioned in Jwara Roga that all will be applicable to Swedavaha Srotas Dushti.

14. Artavavaha Srotas: Garbhashaya and Artavavahidhamni has been considered as Mulasthan for this Srotas. Garbhashaya mainly responsible for production of Artava. In the Garbhashaya Pradesh, Uterus and ovaries are included. Artavavahidhamni conducts the Artava towards uterus during menstrual

phase. In this regard, Garbhashaya is Mulasthan as origin point of view, while Artavavahidhamni as conduction point of view. The functions of Srotas are transportation of biological fluids, physiological regulatory factors, nourishment of tissue, and biodiversity of medicaments on the integrity of the Srotas. Understanding the concept of Srotas facilitate the physician to take decisions accurately with respect to treatment and prognosis.

Artavavaha Srotas Mulsa Sthana

According to Acharya Sushruta the Mula of the Artavavaha Srotas is Garbhashaya and Artavavahidhamni.

Artavavaha Srotas Viddha Lakshana

Injury on the Artavvaha Srotas causes - Bandhytva, Maithun Asahishunta and Aartavanasha.

15. Manovaha Srotas: Manas or mind is associated with Karmendrias and Gyanendriyas both. When Mana is affected with the dominance of Raja and Tama then it leads to Kama and Krodha resulting in Manovikara.

The vitiation of this Manovaha Srotas leads to Manovikara which is the root causes of most of diseases and misery in the world. Mana effects every system of the body.

Manovaha Srotas are mostly vitiated by Raja and Tama dominated Dosha Sanga.

The vitiation of Manovaha Srotas leads to emotionally induced illness leading to psychosomatic diseases.

In Charaka Sharirsthana 1/20, Charaka Indriyasthan 5/41 and Charaka Chikitsasthan 9/5 Manovaha Srotas has been mentioned clearly. With context to Chakrapani tika on above references it is said that Hriday and Dasha Dhamani is the site of Mana. Anatomically Hriday is considered as heart. But here heart cannot be considered as the site of Mana. Mana does mainly function of emotional, intellectual activities. All these are related to brain functions.

Importance of Srotas: Acharya Charak has mentioned that Vata, Pitta and Kapha move all over the body through Srotasas. When these Srotasas (channels of circulation) perform their normal function, then there are no diseases in the body. Any abnormality in Srotas causes abnormality in Dhatus which leads to disease.


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)97
Parate M et al: Importance of Srotas An overview

Moreover, Acharya Charak described that due to morbidity of Srotasas the Sharir Dhatus whether in channel also get exaggerated. Likewise, morbidity of other Srotas affects the respective contents. The Srotasas affect the related Srotas and so the Dhatus.

The Dhatus of the body get metabolized upon by their respective Dhatvagni. The Poshya Dhatus there after get nourished from these Dhatus (Poshaka Dhatus) through their respective Srotas.

Acharya Charak has mentioned in Sutra Sthan 28th chapter, that the Prasad (pure) as well as Mala (waste product) enter into Srotasas and circulate through them. These Srotasas carrying specific nutrient material provide nourishment in required quantity to various Dhatus.

Acharya Vaghbhatt has completely followed Acharya Charak in Ashtang Samgrah.

Acharya Vaghbhatt described in Ashtang Samgrah Sharir Sthan 6th chapter that, when these Avkaash (empty spaces) becoming abnormal, bring about abnormality in the Dhatus, Srotasas vitiate other Srotasas, and Dhatus vitiate other Dhatus, which brings about abnormalities in all these is actually the Doshas which have become abnormal.

Acharya Vaghhbhatt explains in Ashtang Hridaya, that when these Srotasas get vitiated (become abnormal) by indulgence in the unsuitable food, activities and lifestyle, they give rise to cause diseases, however if unvitiated (normal) the person remains healthy.

Concept of Sira, Dhamani and Srotas

Acharya Charak described that Srotasas are the structures through which Srawanam takes place. Dhamanis are called so due to pulsation, Siras due to swift movement, Srotas due to flowing.

Acharya Sushrut stated in Sharir Sthan 9th chapter that, there are twenty-four Dhamanis which are originating from Nabhi. Some Acharyas say that there is no difference among Sira, Dhamani and Srotas and Srotas are only transformation of Sira. Infect Dhamani and Srotas are the entities other than Sira, because of their different features these are Vyanjanatvat, Mulasanniyamat, Karmavaisheshyat and Agamaat.


Similarites and distinguishing features of Sira Dhamani and Srotas.

  • Vyanjananyatvat - Sira, Dhamani and Srotas have different structures and characters e., Dhamana, Saran and Srawan respectively number of all these three structures are also different.
  • Mula Sanniyamat - Sira, Dhamani and Srotas have different Mulas. Sira are Nabhi Mulam. Dhamanis are Nabhiprabhava and Srotas have their different
  • Karma Vaisheshyat - Sira, Dhamani and Srotas have different Siras are named according to circulating Bhavapadartha as Vatavaha, Pittavaha, Kaphavaha and Raktavaha Dosha. Dhamani circulates nutrition and all senses. Srotas transport Pran, Anna, Udaka, Rasadi Dhatus and Malas.
  • Agamaat - Agam means Apta Vachan. All Ayurvedic Veterans have used all these terms These three structures are different but due Parasparosannikarshat, Sadrishagamanat, Sadrishakarmatwat and Saukshmyachcha they look like same.
  • Parasparosannikarshat - Due to very close proximity of Sira, Dhamani and Srotas, there is no part in the body where they are not found and are not
  • Sadrishagamanat - There are many more examples of similarities related Sira and Dhamani e., ‘Dhamanijalsantath’ here Dhamani uses as sira. ‘Dasmula Sira Hritsthata Sarva Sarvato Vapu’ here Sira word is used in the sense of Dhamani.
  • Sadrishakarmatwat - Sira Dhamani and Srotas have same function Dosh Dhatu Vahan (Karma Samanya) and also constitute of Aakash Mahabhuta (Rachna Samanya). These three are hollow
  • Saukshmyaat - Sira, Dhamani and Srotas are very minute structure so it is difficult to separate

Acharya Vaghbhatt has mentioned in Ashtang Samgrah that the Siras and Dhamanis are the modification of Srotas only. However, some other Acharyas have mentioned a different view in this chapter that Srotasas are unlike to Sira and Dhamani, but are difficult to detect


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)98
Parate M et al: Importance of Srotas An overview

due to Paraspara-sannikarshat, Sadrsakaramatvat, Saukshmyat and Vibhaktkarmanaapya.

Discussion

Srotas not only plays a vital role in the manifestation of the disease but also are the prerequisite for maintaining the basic physiological function of the human body. Srotas are an important part of the human body. They work as communicating channels especially for nutrients tissue/temporary tissues which are to be utilized for formation of permanent Dhatu. They carry Prana, Udaka, Anna, 7 Dhatus and three types of Mala. Acharya Charak has defined that no structure in the body can neither grow nor waste independent of Srotamsi that transports Dhatus, which later are constantly subjected to metabolic transformation. Acharya Charak has stated that a man is nothing but conglomeration of Srotomansi which pervades the entire body. All the Dosha, Dhatu and Mala are dependent on Srotas for their formation transportation and destruction. The impairment of the function Srotomansi leads to Srotovrodha or obstruction of Srotas. Acharya Charak has described four kinds of abnormalities in functioning of Srotas or Srotodusti.

Conclusion

According to the construction of the Srotas, the Srotas are the empty passage, provenance from the root location, loft within the whole body to acts as a carriage system for the supply of nutritional needs of the organism. Raktavaha Srotas from its origin, we can compare with the Haemopoietic system. From its root of origin, we come to know liver and spleen act as a compilation of blood and from the circulation passage we can also juxtapose with the circulatory system of the body and also the damaged red blood cells are isolated from circulation and devasted by fixed phago-cytic macrophages in the spleen and liver, and the re-mainder products are recycled. The liver and spleen perform a major role life cycle of RBC, its destruction and recycling of components. The anatomical change in liver such as Congenital Billiary Atresia, Billiary cyst etc.

Structurally, the Srotas are the anatomically and physiological hollow channels originating from the root space, spread within the whole body to act as a transport system for the fulfillment of nutrition

It can be concluded that there are following reasons to accept particular organs as the Mulas of Srotas such as,

1. Utapatti Sthan (origin point of view),

2. Saṁgraha Sthan (related with storage point of view)

3. Vahan Sthan (related with conduction point of view)

4. Naidanic (diagnostic point of view),

5. Chikitsatmak (related with clinical point of view). al needs of organism and to get rid of the end results of metabolism from the body.

Reference

1. Charak Samhita Vidyotinitika, Shastri K, Chaturvedi G, 1st edition. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Bharati Academy; 2008. Vol.i, ch. Viman 5/6 Page no.710.

2. Sushruta Samhita Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika, Shastri Ambikadutta, 1st edition. Varanasi Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2014. Vol. i, Su. sha.5/6 Page no.97.

3. Sushruta Samhita Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika, Shastri Ambikadutta, 1st edition. Varanasi Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2014. Vol. i, Su. sha. 9/12 Page no.55.

4. Astanga Hrdayam Vidyotinitika, Kaviraja Gupta Atrideva, 1st edition. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Prakashan; 2016. Vol. i, Asthang hridaya sharir 3/40-41, Page no.254.

5. Sharangdhar Samita Jeevan Prada Hindi Tika, Chaukambha Orientalia Edition 2017 Purvkhnad 5/44 page n. 42.

6. Bradhhajeevaktantra Hindi Viddhotani Tika, Pandit Hemraj Sharma Varanasi Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan Edition 2009.

7. Shastri Kashi Nath, Vidyotini Commentary on Charka Samhita, Varanashi: Chaukhamba Bharti Academy, 2018. Ch. viman 5/23 page -14.

8. Shastri Kashi Nath, Vidyotini Commentary on Charka Samhita, Varanashi: Chaukhamba Bharti Academy, 2018. Ch. viman 5/24 page -71


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(5)99