E-ISSN:2456-3110

Case Report

Pakshaghata

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2023 Volume 8 Number 7 July
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Multifacet approach towards Pakshaghata - A Successive Case Study

P. Badaji R.1*, Khader A.2
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.7.45

1* Rachana P. Badaji, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Sri Kalabyraveshwara Swamy Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

2 Abdul Khader, Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Sri Kalabyraveshwara Swamy Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Pakshaghata is one among the 80 Vataja Nanatmaja Vikaras. It is a condition which one half of the body is affected leading to the Ruja, Vaksthamba, Karmahani etc. Prognosis depends on many factors including Vaya, Bala, Dosha involvement etc. In contemporary science it can be correlated to the Cerebrovascular disease. Methodology: A 58 Years old Female Patient who is known case of RA since 20 years and HTN since 2 years under medication approached to OPD of SKAMCH & RC Bangalore in a stretcher, with a Lakshana of reduced strength in right half of the body, pain, loss of function, sensation, slurred speech and was unable to walk. Based on the clinical presentation and Ayurvedic parameters, the condition was diagnosed as Pakshaghata with special reference to the Haemorrhagic Stroke with Hemorrhage in Sub cortical Region Involving MCA and Chikitsa was adopted keeping in the Dhatukshayajanya pathology as a base. Sarvanga Abhyanga, Sarvanga Nadi Sweda and Rajayapana Yoga Basti and Physiotherapy was adopted as a treatment modality. Shamanoushadi like Brihatavatachintamani Rasa, Nityananda Rasa, Arogyavardhinirasa Capsule, Palsineuron, Dhanvantarum Kashaya, Mahamanjishtadi Kashaya and Sahacharadi Kashaya were prescribed. Result: After 1 month of treatment and follow up, there were drastic improvements in the sign and symptoms. Assessment done on the SS-QoL Scale and Barthes index for stroke shown significant result. Discussion: This article is a discussion about a case of Hemorrhagic Stroke of Brain successfully treated with Ayurvedic approach. Conclusion: The above described sets of Panchakarma treatment along with Shamanoushadi has shown significant result clinically with speedy recovery within a month in the present Case study.

Keywords: Pakshaghata, Cerebrovascular accident, Rheumatoid arthritis, Rajayapana Basthi

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Rachana P. Badaji, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Sri Kalabyraveshwara Swamy Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Rachana P. Badaji, Abdul Khader, Multifacet approach towards Pakshaghata - A Successive Case Study. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2023;8(7):235-249.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2510

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-05-27 2023-05-29 2023-06-05 2023-06-12 2023-06-19
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 16%

© 2023by Rachana P. Badaji, Abdul Khaderand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

The term Pakshaghata literally means "paralysis of one half of the body" where "Paksha" denotes either half of the body and "Aghata (paralysis)" denotes the impairment of Karmendriyas, Gyanendriyas and Manas. Gyanendriya constitute an important part of the sensory system, while Karmendriyas denote an important part of the motor system and Manas is supposed to control both. Hemiplegia is the commonest manifestation of a stroke with Neurological deficit affecting face, limbs and Trunk on one side of the body. The Stroke is one of the leading causes of the death and disability in India. The cumulative incidence of stroke ranged from 105 to 152/100,000 persons per year, and the crude prevalence of stroke ranged from 44.29 to 555/100,000 persons in different parts of the country during the past decade.[1] Based on research studies revealed that patients with autoimmune diseases such as RA and SLE were more vulnerable to cerebral vascular accidents (CVA) where systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease interacts and accelerates vessel Atherosclerosis.[2,3] The incidence of Stroke increased in patients who had suffered from autoimmune diseases for longer period.[4] So in this case patient who is K/C/O Rheumatoid arthritis since 20 years on medications and HTN since 2 years on irregular medication since 2 months for which might play a role in the increased cardiovascular risk and stroke. As pathophysiology of Cerebrovascular disease divided into those in which insufficiency of blood supply causes ischemic injury and those in which Haemorrhagic i.e., bleeding either into Parenchyma or into space between the pial and arachnoid covering over the brain or spinal cord (Sub arachnoid space). The injury may be focal, multifocal or diffuse.[5] As Hypertension Patient with RA have less flexible artery that can’t widen enough to let more blood through narrow arteries. As the patient on irregular medication for HTN which may be cause for increased intracranial Pressure leading Haemorrhagic stroke.

Case Report

A patient aged 58 years, married female from Goddu Village, Sakleshpura [Taluk] Hassan [District] Karnataka was brought on stretcher to Kayachikitsa Outpatient Department of Sri Kalabyraveshwara

Swamy Ayurvedic Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre on 18/02/20203 with complaints of reduced strength in the right half of the body with difficulty to sit , walk and perform daily activities, Slurred speech and Dribbling of fluids while drinking from right side of mouth since 8 days and Patient c/o Fever and Bodyache since one day and got admitted on same day. The subject was a previously diagnosed case of Cerebrovascular accident.

History: A Female patient aged 58years who is a known case of Rheumatoid arthritis since 20years and Hypertension since 2 years under medications and, Left HTN medication for 2 months. Patient was apparently healthy 8 days before, on 10/01/2023 around 10:00pm after Dinner, patient went out of the home for washroom, she felt numbness in Right upper limb and lower limb, she went inside Kitchen and she felt reduced strength in right half of the body associated with slurring of Speech and she fell on the floor. After 10minutes her family members saw and shifted her to the bed, she had impaired conscious on that time and tried to warm up the body after 1 hour she had an episode of Vomiting, no history of Headache and Seizures. Later taken her to the nearby Clinic, Doctor told that their High BP they treated with Antihypertensive Medicine [Unknown]. They advised to take for Higher Centre, on the same day around 2:30pm she was shifted to Apollo BGS Hospital, Mysore. Where they advised for MRI and Blood investigations. MRI T2 diffusion brain was done which revealed Acute left thalamocapsular hematoma, likely hypertension etiology. On Neurological examination, she had Dysarthria and Right sided Hemiplegia and admitted in ICU for further monitoring her BP was controlled with IV and oral Antihypertensive, She had Urine retention and Foley's catheterization was done. After 2 days she was shifted to general ward from ICU and advised with Physiotherapy. Patient was improved with her symptoms and slurring of speech reduced and she was discharged with oral medication on 18/01/2022. On the same day 18/01/23 evening, Patient experienced reduced strength in right half of the body with slurring of speech and was unable to walk for which she approached our SKAMCH & RC, OPD on Stretcher.

Poorva Vyadhi Vruttanta: Patient was suffering from Rheumatoid arthritis since 20years under medication and Hypertension since 2 years under medication and Left medication for 2 months.



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Physical Examination

Attitude: Lying on bed in supine position with semi flexed right elbow.

Built: Poorly built

Nourishment: Moderate nourishment

P:Absent, E:Absent, N:Absent, C:Absent, I:Absent, L:Absent

Temperature: 98.1°F

Pulse: 76/min

Respiratory rate: 18 / min

BP: 140/80mm Hg

Height: 150cm

Weight: 46kg

BMI: 20.4 kg/m2

Heart rate: 76/min

Tongue: Uncoated

Ashtasthana Pareeksha

Nadi: 76/min

Mutra: On Catheterization

Mala: Once in a day [Regular]

Jihwa: Alipta

Shabda: Slurred speech

Sparsha: 98.1°

Drik: Prakruta

Akruti: Avara

Systemic Examination

Central Nervous System

Higher mental Function:

Level of consciousness: Conscious

Orientation to time, place and person: Intact

Memory: Intact

Manner, Affect and relationship to people and things: Normal

Cranial Nerve Examination

5th Cranial Nerve - Trigeminal Nerve

Sensory

Light Touch, Pin Prick and Temperature - Not perceived in Right side of the body

Motor:

Deviation of Jaw: Absent

Movement of Jaw: Possible

Clenching of teeth: reduced in left side

Opening of mouth against resistance: possible

Reflexes

Jaw jerk: Present

Corneal reflex: Present

7th Cranial Nerve - Facial Nerve

Sensory

Sense of taste in anterior 2/3rd of Tongue: Reduced

Sensation of Face: Reduced in right side

Motor

Eyebrow raising: Possible

Frowning of forehead: Possible

Complete closure of eyes: Possible

Clenching of teeth: Reduced in right side

Blowing of cheek: Reduced in right side

Naso-labial fold: Flattened on right side

Taste perception: Reduced taste perception

Dribbling of saliva: Absent, Fluid leakage while in right side of mouth

11th Cranial Nerve - Accessory Nerve

Trapeziums muscle:

Atrophy: Absent

Fasciculation's - Absent

Shoulder droop: Absent

Shoulder shrugging

With resistance: reduced in right side

Without resistance: reduced in right side

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle:

Atrophy: Absent


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Fasciculation: Absent

All other Cranial Nerves are Intact.

Sensory System

Light touch

Superficial pain

Deep pain Reduced Perception

Temperature

Proprioception:

Position: Normal

Vibration: Normal

Stereognosis of Objects: Can able to recognize

Graphesthesia: Not able to identify in Right, Normal in left

One point Location: Not able to identify in Right, Normal in left

Two point discrimination: Not able to identify in right half of the body

Motor System:

Gait: Unable to walk

Muscle Bulk:

Table 1: Showing the circumference measurement

Muscle Bulk Right side of Body Left side of body in cm
Mid-calf circumference 26cm 26cm
Mid-thigh circumference 40cm 40cm
Mid-arm circumference 22cm 22cm
Mid-Forearm circumference 16cm 16cm

Muscle Tone:

Table 2: Showing the type of muscle tone

  Muscle Tone
Right Upper Limb Hypertonic Spasticity: Clasp Knife Spasticity
Left Upper Limb Normotonic
Right Lower Limb Hypertonic Spasticity - Clasp Knife Spasticity
Left Lower Limb Normotonic

Muscle Power:

Table 3: Showing the Muscle Power

  Right Left
Upper Limb 3/5 5/5
Lower Limb 3/5 5/5


Table 4: Co-ordination Test

Tests Right Left
Romberg’s Test  couldn’t elicit couldn’t elicit
Finger Nose Test  Not able to perform Intact
Heel Shin Test  Not able to perform  Not able to perform
Tandem Walking  Not able to perform Not able to perform
Dysdiadokinesia  Absent  Absent

Reflexes:

Superficial Reflex:

Corneal reflex :Present

Abdominal reflex :Present

Plantar reflex Right foot: Extension of great toe

Left foot: Normal

Table 5: Deep Tendon Reflexes

Reflexes Right Left
Biceps 4+ 2+
Triceps 4+ 2+
Supinator 4+ 2+
Knee jerk 4+ 2+
Ankle jerk 4+ 2+
  • Respiratory system - on auscultation, normal sounds heard and no abnormality detected.
  • Cardiovascular system - S1 S2 heard and no abnormality detected.
  • Gastrointestinal system - Soft, non-tender, no organomegaly detected

Laboratory Investigation

Table 6: CT Scan Brain Without Contrast

Date CT Scan Impression
On 10/01/2023 MRI T2 diffusion brain was done which revealed Acute left thalamocapsular hematoma, likely hypertension etiology.
On 12/01/2023 Acute Hematoma with mild perilesional edema involving the left thalamocapsular region. Hematoma measure 2.3x1.2cm.

2D ECHO with Color Doppler on

  • Concentric LV Hypertrophy
  • No LV RWMA
  • Good LV Systolic Function [LVEF - 58%]
  • No Pericardial effusion and No Vegetation/clots

Nidana Panchaka

  • Aharaja Nidana: Abhojana, Alpa and Laghu Bhojana, Ati Lavana Sevana, Ati-Dadi Sevana
  • Viharaja Nidana: Ati Adwa, Ati Santapa, Shrama, Divaswapna [exposure to wind and sun when she was going to farm for work]

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  • Manasika Nidana: Chinta
  • Other: Rogatikarshanat due to Chirakaala Vyadhi Avastha,
  • K/C/O Rheumatoid arthritis since 20 years, K /C/O Hypertension since 2 years left for 2 months, Intake of long term medication for Rheumatoid arthritis [DMARD’s].

Poorvaroopa

Increased Blood pressure due to irregular Hypertensive medications

Roopa

Chesta Nivrutti of Dakshina Parshva Shareera

Ruja

Vakstamba

Karma-Chestahani

Samprapti:

Due to Nidana Sevana

↓

Vata Pradhana Tridosha Dushti

↓

Jataragni Upahata

↓

Leads to the formation of Ama

↓

Shonita Abhishyandata

↓

Sthanasamshraya in Dhamani and Sira of Shiras

↓

Shiromarma Abhigata due to Atiraktachhapa

↓

Rakta Srava in Shiras

↓

Leads to obstruction of movement of Vata by Rakta leading to Dhatukshaya

↓

Karmakshaya leads to Pakshaghata


Samprapti Ghataka

  • Dosha - Vata Pitta Pradhana Tridosha
  • Dushya - Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Medha, Asthi, Majja, Sira and Snayu
  • Srotas - Rasavaha, Raktavaha, Mamsavaha, Medovaha, Vatavaha
  • Srotodushti - Atipravrutti, Vimargagamana
  • Agni - Jataragni and Dhatwagni
  • Udbhavasthana - Pakwashaya
  • Sancharasthana - Rasayini’s
  • Adhishthana - Masthiskhagata Shiras
  • Vyaktstana - Ardhakaya
  • Rogamarga - Madhyama
  • Vyadhi Swabhava - Chirakari
  • Sadhya Asadhyata - Kruchrasadhya

Table 7: Differential Diagnosis

Disease Lakshanas Inclusion Exclusion
Ardita Ardhamukha Sankocha, Vakrata of Nasa, Bhru, Lalata, Akshi, Hanu, Stabda Netrata, Deena, Samutshipa, Danta Chalana, Msravana Badha, Pada, Hasta, Akshi, Janga, Uru, Shanka, Shravana, Ganda Ruk, Vak Sangha, Netradeenam Vikruti Vaksthamba   All other symptoms are Absent  
Sarvanga Vata   Vata Prakopa in Sarva Deha leads to Hasta Pada Sanckocha   Sankocha of Hasta and Pada of right side of the body All four limbs are not affected
Pakshaghata Cheshta Nivrutti of Ardha Shareera, Ruja, Vakstamba   Cheshta Nivrutti of Ardha Shareera, Vakstamba  

Diagnosis

Table 8: Diagnosis based on anatomical location

Signs UMN lesions LMN lesions Extra pyramidal Cerebellar
Power Weakness Weak No Weakness No Weakness
Wasting and atrophy Absent Absent None None
Fasciculation's Absent Absent None None
Tone Spasticity Flaccidity Rigidity[Cogwheel] Normal/Reduced
Deep tendon reflexes Exaggerated Reduced/Absent Normal Normal/Pendular
Superficial reflex Lost Lost Normal Normal
Plantar response Extensor Flexor Flexor Flexor
Coordination Reduced due to weakness Reduced due to weakness Normal but Slow Impaired

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Table 9: Diagnosis based on location of the brain

Cortical Subcortical Brain Stem
§   Monoplegia/ Contralateral hemiplegia §   Speech disturbance §   Jacksonian convulsions and headache §   Cortical type of sensory loss §   Monoplegia / Contralateral hemiplegia §   Speech disturbance §   Loss of tactile localization and discrimination §   Vertigo §   Nausea §   Vomiting §   Crossed hemiplegia §   Brainstem syndrome. §   Horner’s syndrome. §   Cerebellar involvement
Pons
§   Deep coma, Pin point pupil, hyperpyrexia, decortical rigidity, Absence of lateral movement of eye on head turning.
Mid brain and medulla
§   Loss of consciousness, §   Quadriplegia §   Cheyne stroke breathing §   Decerebrate rigidity

Table 10: Diagnosis based on Etiology

  Cerebral hemorrhage Cerebral thrombosis Embolism
Onset Sudden Slowly More sudden
Precipitating factor During exertion During sleep During exertion
Headache Severe Less Absent
Vomiting Common Less Less
Convulsion Absent Common Rare
Unconsciousness Common Variable Rare
Neck stiffness May present Absent Absent
Blood pressure High May be high Normal
Pulse Low Normal Irregular
Shifting Hemiplegia Never Never May present
Cheyne-stroke breathing Usually present  Usually absent  Usually absent 

Based on the Progression of the Disease

  • Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
  • Stroke in evolution
  • Completed stroke
  • Reversible ischemic neurological deficit (RIND)
  • Partial non-progressive stroke (PNS)

Diagnosis

Dakshina Parshva Pakshaghata in terms of CVD with Right Sided Hemiplegia due to Hemorrhage in Sub cortical Region Involving MCA.

Therapeutic Intervention

Considering the Symptoms, Condition of the patient treatment was adopted at different Phases by seeing the response for the treatment.

Table 11: Course of Treatment

Date  Treatment Given Observation
1st Phase 18/01/2023 to 24/01/23 For 7 days 1. Sarvanga Abhyanga with Dhanwantarum Taila 2. Mridhu Nadi Sweda 3. Physiotherapy §  Pt c/o reduced strength in right half of the Body improved 10-15%. §  Pt was able to sit with support. §  Pt c/o slurred speech reduced to 30-40% §  Pt c/o dribbling of fluid from right side of the mouth reduced to 40-50% §  Pt c/o fever, Body pain reduced. §  Pt c/o Pain in flank region while lifting right hand after 4 days Rx
2nd Phase From 24/01/23 to 30/01/23 For 7 days   1. Sarvanga Abhyanga with Dhanwantarum Taila 2. Mridhu Nadi Sweda 3. Physiotherapy Oral medication added     §  Pt c/o reduced strength in right half of the body improved to 40-50%. §  Pt was able to walk with support of other persons. §  Catheter was removed after she was able to walk with support. §  Pt c/o Pain in flank region while lifting right hand reduced 70%. §  Pt c/o slurred speech improved to 60%. §  Pt c/o dribbling of fluid from right side of the mouth reduced to 60% §  Pt was trying to take food with herself §  Intake of food quantity increased.
2nd Phase 31/01/23   Sadyovirechana with Gandharvahasthadi Taila 45ml with 1 glass of warm milk was given in empty stomach morning around 8:40am after Sarvanga Abhyanga with Dhanwantarum Taila F/B Mridhu Nadi Sweda Total No of Vegas : 04 Advised to take Ganji in the Evening. Pt was feeling mild tiredness. Samsarjana Krama done for 1 day  
3rd Phase 2/2/23 to 9/2/23 For 8 days 1. Sarvanga Abhyanga with Dhanwantarum Taila 2. Mridhu Nadi Sweda 3. Physiotherapy 4. Rajayapana Yoga Basti §  Pt c/o reduced strength in right half of the body improved to 40-50% §  Pt can able to walk with reduced support than before. §  Pt was able to do 2 rounds in floor. §  Pt c/o Pain in flank region while lifting right hand reduced completely §  Pt c/o slurred speech improved to 70% §  Pt c/o dribbling of fluid from right side of the mouth reduced to 60% §  Pt was able to take food with herself. §  Intake of food quantity increased.

Table 12: Showing the chart of Rajayapana Basti given for 8 days

Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Basti A N A N A N A A



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Anuvasana Basti [A]

Kalyanaka Ghrita - 80ml

Niruha Basti [N] - Following ingredients are added

Makshika - 60ml

Kalyanaka Ghrita - 80ml

Rajayapana Kalka - 30gm

Rajayapana Kwatha - 300ml

Mamsa Rasa - 200ml

Table 13: Showing the list of Oral Medication given for Patient

Date Oral Medication Dose
24/01/2023 to 9/2/2023 Tab. Brihat Vata Chintamani 1-0-1[A/F]
24/01/2023 to 9/2/2023 Cap. Palsinuron 2-0-2[A/F]
24/01/2023 to 30/1/2023 Tab Nityananda Rasa 2-0-2[A/F]
2/02/2023 to 9/2/2023 Tab. Arogyavardhini Rasa 2-0-2[A/F]
24/01/2023 to 9/2/2023 Mahamanjishta Kashaya + Sahacharadi Kashaya + Dhanvantarum Kashaya 9tsp-0-9tsp with 9tsp water [A/F]

Observation and Results

Gradually the patient becomes improved in her symptoms during the indoor treatment and overall general health was started improved. Patient was discharged on oral medications. Effect of treatment was assessed based on Physical symptoms, Stroke scale Quality of Life Index, Barthes index for stroke and improved quality of life.

Improvements

Follow Up after 15 days

  • Pt c/o reduced strength in right half of the body improved to 70%
  • Pt can able to walk without anyone’s help for Bathroom.
  • Pt c/o Slurred speech improved to 80%.
  • Pt was able to take food with her right hand.
  • Pt can lift the right hand without difficulty above the shoulder level
  • Pt was able to walk alone with help of Stick.

Follow Up after 1 month

  • Pt c/o reduced strength in right half of the body improved to 85%
  • Pt can able to walk without anyone’s help for Bathroom.
  • Pt c/o Slurred speech improved to 95%.
  • Pt was able to take food with her right hand.
  • Pt can lift the right hand without difficulty above the shoulder level and above.
  • Pt was able to walk alone without Stick.

Stroke scale Quality of Life Index[6] was assessed before and after treatment

SS-QOL Before Treatment After Treatment
Total score 71 186

Barthes index[7] for stroke Patient was assessed Before and After treatment

SN Range of score Range of score Before Treatment After Treatment
1. Feeding 0 = Unable 0 5
5 = needs help in cutting, spreading butter etc.
10 = independent
2. Bathing 0 = dependent 0 5
5 = independent (or in shower)
3. Grooming 0 = needs to help with personal care 0 5
5 = independent face/hair/teeth/shaving
4. Dressing 0 = dependent 0 5
5 = needs help but can do about half unaided
5. Bowel 0 = incontinent 5 10
5 = occasional accident
10 = continent
6. Bladder 0 = incontinent or catheterized and unable to manage alone 0 10
5 = Occasional accident
  10 = continent
7. Toilet use 0 = dependent 0 5
5 = needs some help, but can do something alone
10 = independent (on & off, dressing, wiping)
8. Transfers [bed to chair & back] 0 = unable, no sitting balance 5 15
5 = major help (of one or two people, physical can sit
10 = minor help (verbal or physical)
15 = independent
9. Mobility [on Level surface] 0 = immobile or <50 yards 0 15
5 = wheel chair independent, including corners, >50 yards
10 = walks with help of one person verbal or physical)
15 = independent (but may use any aid; for example, stick)>50 yards
10. Stairs 0 = unable 0 5
5 = needs help (verbal, physical, carrying aid)
 Total   10 80

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Discussion

Discussion on a disease

Pakshaghata is a Vatananatmaja Vikara characterised by the loss of function and mobility of half of the body either Vamabhaga or Dhakshina Bhagha. According to Charaka Acharya, Pakshaghata is considered as involvement of half of the body along with facial involvement whereas Acharya Sushruta considers only involvement of half of the body. Charaka Samhita opines that Vayu beholds either right or left side of the body, dries up Sira and Snayu of respective area and producing loss of movements, along with Ruja and Vakstambha. In Sushruta Samhita, the Samparpti explained as exaggerated Vata travels through Urdhvaga, Adhoga and Tiryak Dhamanis, loosens the Sandhi Bandha and leads to Shareeraradhaakarmanyata Kshaya and Achetana. Charaka Samhita mentions Swedana, Snehana and Virechana. Sushruta Samhita explained patient of Pakshaghata who is not emaciated, has pain in the affected part, habitually follows the rules of diet, and regimen. Who can afford to pay for the necessary accessories considered for the treatment. Initially, Snehana and Swedana, Mrudu Shodana thereafter Niruha Basti, Anuvasana Basti and Shirodhara with other treatment procedures.

Discussion on procedure

A. Snehana and Swedana: In this study, Snehana given as Abhyanga and Swedhana as Mridu Nadi Sweda was done, as the Samanya Chikitsa of Pakshaghata is ‘Snehanana Swedana Samyutam Pakshaghate Virechanam’. The main part of Abhyanga procedure is the mechanical stimulation more precisely the pressure application. It reduces the motor neuron hyperexitability. Here Abhyanga was done with Dhanvantarum Taila[8] which is explained in Vatavyadhi in Ayurveda. It is used both internally (through oral route) and externally for the purpose of massage. Both its intake through oral route and application externally are beneficial in the treatment of paralysis, monoplegia, hemiplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia and wasting due to disuse or lower motor neuron origin. It helps in strengthening of muscle fibres, ligaments, tendons, and other tissues of the body. It also serves as neuroprotective, which plays a crucial role in the process of neuro-protection and promoting the natural functions of the nervous

system. It also provides support to the musculoskeletal system, hence helpful in the pain related disorders like arthritis, degenerative arthritis, knee pain, synovitis, low-back pain, and spondylosis. Its results are more significant on the regions of pain and numbness because of the use of sesame oil as its base, which is Vatashamaka by nature. It is also found helpful in treating disorders of puerperium, children, urinary tract, uterus, herniation, and hydrocele.

Swedana: Swedana is usually given after the oleation - Snehana therapy. Swedana is the procedure that relieves Sthambha, Gaurava, Sheeta which induces Swedana. Swedana drugs by Ushna and Thikshna Guna are capable of penetrating the microcirculatory channels (Srotas) where they activate the sweat glands to produce more sweat after dilation of micro channels. Laghu and Snigdha Dosha in the channels and direct them to move towards Koshta.

Mrudu Shodhana: In Susrutha Samhita while explaining the Mahavata Vyadhi Chikitsa initial line of management of Pakshaghata is through Snehana, Swedana and Mrudu Shodhana[9] (Mrudu Virechana). Snigdha Virechana is advised by Vagbhata for Pakshaghata. So in this case Sadyovirechana was done with 45ml of Gandharvahasthadi Taila[10] with Milk after 11 days of Sarvanga Abhyanga, Sarvanga Mridhu Nadi Sweda and Physiotherapy when Patient become able to walk with support. Virechana is the elimination of Dosha through the lower passage. Virechana, when carried out it in the proper manner with all its precautions yields multifaceted effects to the person. As Pakwashaya[11] is a Sthana for Vatadosha, In the condition of Pakwashyagata Vata the first line of treatment is Sneha Virechana. The involvement of Sira and Snayu in the Samprapti of Pakshaghata accounts the role of Raktadhatu[12] in Pakshaghata for which Virechana is the treatment. Mashtishka or Mastulung is the Adhishtana of Pakshaghata. Mastulunga is considered as the “Avaleena Ghritakara Mastaka Majja[13]”. Dalhana says Pittadhara and Majjadharakala are same. So, for that Virechana treatment is advised.

Different neuropeptides and hormones of gut are found in the brain. They have great effects on neurons, smooth muscles and glands. Virechana can improve the number of neuropeptides by cleansing the gastro intestinal tract, as a result it


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may affect the brain and modify its various functions. Hence Virechana can be used in the disorders of the brain.

Basti: Basti Chikitsa is regarded as prime line of treatment for Vata Dosha. So Basti Chikitsa can be adopted depending on the Avastha of the Pakshaghata. Basti is not only best for Vata disorders it also equally effective in correcting the morbid Pitta, Kapha and Raktha - “Basti Varte Cha Pitta Cha Kaphe Cha Raktham Va Shasyate”.[14]

Basti is considered as Sampoorna Chikitsa.[15] The Basti which maintain the lifespan for a longer period (Ayu Sthapana) is considered as Yapana Basti. Acharya Charaka describes the Yapana Basti can be given in all seasons irrespective of Kala or Ritu. It is also considered as Ubhayarthakari as it acts as both Shodhana and Shamana. Yapana Basti is Sadhyobalajanana and Rasayana. In Astanga Sangraha specifically used the word Rajayapana Basti and also considered as Sreshta Yapana Basti.

In Charaka Samhita even we find the reference regarding Basti Karma indicated in conditions like for person whose limbs have become stiff and contracted, who suffer from lameness who are afflicted with fracture and dislocations, in those limbs are afflicted by the movement of different types of aggravation of Vata.[16] In Astanga Sangraha while explaining the Pradhanyatha of Basti, Acharya Vagbhata explained that Basti is mainly for Vatapradhaneshu, Shigram Bruhamana Karyam hence forth in disease like Pakshaghata which is a kind of Apatarpanajanya Vyadhi, for Brimhanartha and Vata Shamanartha, in the present case Basti Chikitsa is adopted.

Mode of action of Basti: When Basti is introduced into the Pakwashaya, the Veerya of Basti reaches all over the body, collects the accumulated Doshas and Shakrut from Nabhi, Kati, Parshwa and Kukshi Pradesha, causes Snehana to the body and expels out the Dosha along with Pureesha. Charakacharya have explained that it is ‘Amrutopamam’ for the patients having Kshina Majja, Shukra and Oja and has properties like Balya, Brimhana and Pushtikara.[17]

Physiotherapy: Physiotherapy can be defined as a treatment method that focuses on the science of movement and helps people to restore, maintain and maximize their physical strength, function, motion and overall well-being. As physiotherapy is a treatment measure of physical

and electrical means to accelerate the patients recovery from injuries and diseases that hazards the normal style of life. Main principle of principle of physiotherapy is to improve Activities of Daily life [ADL] and Instrumental Activities of daily living. The other benefits are increased circulation to all the four limbs and temporary relief of pain consider the spasticity the joint mobility and flexibility was attained through the Range of Motion (ROM), Passive stretching and peripheral joint mobilization.

Brihat Vata Chintamani: Brihat Vata Chintamani Rasa is a Unique Herbo-mineral formulations explained in the context of Vatavyadhi in both Bhaishajya Ratnavalli[18] and Siddha Yoga Sangraha. All the drugs used in these are having Tridoshagna properties. Medhya property of Rajata Bhasma helps on Vakshuddi. The Lekhana property of Swarna Bhasma helps in Srotoshodhana in Dhamani. Abhraka Bahsma acts on Pranavaha Srotas and its Moola, Hridaya. Loha Bhasma corrects Kshaya, at the same time acts as Stoulyahara. The Balya and Dhatu Prasadhana property of Pravala Bhasma helps in eradicated the Kshaya. Ojovardhana property of Mukta Bhasma regularizes the body metabolism. Parada Bhasma is Yogavahi which result in the target action of the drug. Kumari is Bhedhini, Granthihara, Vatahara and Rasayana. This formulation also helps in Protein scavenging, anti-inflammatory and arrests neurodegenerative activity with the added benefit of crossing the blood brain barrier.[19] So as in this condition patient had a long term chronic Rheumatoid arthritis these Bhasma said to have quick absorption, long term utility in specified dose, They act as Rasayana.

Capsule Palsineuron: Palsineuron contains Mahavatvidwamsa Rasa, Sameerapannaga Rasa, Soothashekara Rasa, Ekangaveera Rasa, Khurasani Owa (Hyoscyamus niger) and Lajari (Mimosa pudica). Mahatvatavidhwans Rasa is a generic preparation which improves the metabolism of CNS and PNS, Co-ordinates the neuro muscular activity. Sameerapannaga Rasa improves tissue oxidation, Overcomes Anoxia, normalizes neuro-muscular metabolism. Ekangaveera Rasa promotes healing of damaged nerves and blood vessels, recanalize blood vessels activate sensory and motor functions. Soothashekhara Rasa provides nutritional support for the fast healing of damaged Organelles. Lajari regenerative effect on Neuro lesions and Khurasani Owa checks Neuro irritation.


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Nithyananda Rasa: Nityananda Rasa explained in the Shlipada Rogadhikara in Bhaishajya Ratnavalli.[19] which is one of the Herbo-mineral drug. It contains Parada, Gandhaka, Tamra, Kamsya, Vanga, Loha, Sudda Haratala, Sudda Tutta Shanka and Varati Bhasma, herbal drugs like Triphala, Trikatu, Panchalavana, Vidanga, Chavya, Hapusha, Vacha, Trivrut etc. which is having Lekhana and Rasayana property and Tridoshashamaka. Kajjali has Ushna Guna and Katu Vipaka which act as a Yogavahi and Tridoshgna. Tamra, Kamsya and Vanga Bhasma does the Lekhana Karma which helps in Kaphaharana, Tamra Bhasma also act as Rasayana. Majorities of Kashtoushadis possess Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Rasa, Ushna Veerya and Katu Vipaka act as Vatakaphahara. These drugs also possess the Shothahara property which helps inflammatory condition and atherosclerotic changes of the vessels.

Arogyavardhini Rasa: Arogyavardhini Rasa[20] is a Herbomineral preparation, the content of this compound like Tamra Bhasma, Guggulu, Katuki, Triphala are having Lekhana, Dipana and Medadoshahara properties. Lasuna is having Aavaranahara, Rasayana properties. Parada which can cross the Blood Brain Barrier and acts on the target site. Loha Bhasma and Abhraka Bhasma, Tamra Bhasma all these are Balya, Ayurshya, Vrisya and Medhya, Dhatwagnivardhana, Malashodaka and Pakwashayadushti Nashaka Helps in Building immunity in the individual. As this is K/C/O Rheumatoid arthritis which is an Autoimmune Disorder through Arogyavardhini Rasa which helps in immune modulation.

Dhanvantarum Kashaya

Dhanvantarum Kashaya which is explained in the Sahasrayoga[22] having the ingredient like Kushta and Tagara mainly have the ability to cross the Blood Brain Barrier which can help to correct the pathology in the brain.

Mahamanjishtadi Kashaya

Mahamanjishtadi Kashaya which is explained in the Sharangadhara Madyamakhanda[23] having many drugs which does Rakta Shodhaka, Rakta Stambhaka and Shotahara. As we know Stroke is Cerebrovascular disease where vascular can be taken as Siras in Ayurveda where Siras are Upadhatu of Rakta which indirectly act on Sira through Rakta. It is mainly given to prevent the reoccurrence of the disease.

Sahacharadi Kashaya

Sahacharadi Kashaya is simple formulation of 3 drugs namely Sahachara, Devadaru and Shunti explained in Vatavyadhi Chikitsa of Astanga Hrudaya[24] and Sahasrayogam. This is used mainly in the Vatavyadhi like Gridrasi, Arditha, Pakshghata. All the drugs having Vata-Kapha Shamaka, Vedanasthapana, Shulahara, Shotahara and mainly Nadiuttejaka (nerve stimulant) properties along with strengthening and Nutritive therapy for musculature which is most needed in the Pakshaghata Patients which helps to relieves in the spasticity in affected Muscle.

As in this patient was a K/C/O of 20years of Rheumatoid arthritis, Sahacharadi Kashaya having Anti-inflammatory, Anti-Arthritic and Anti-oxidant action properties due to the presence of molecules such as Heptanediamide,N,N’-di-benzoyloxy-Benzoic acid, Phenol, 2-methoxy, Eugenal, Tetradecanoic acid have proved the efficacy of Ayurvedic drugs in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis was given.

Overall effect of the treatment

Before starting any treatment in the Ayurveda assessment of Vyadhi Avastha, Roga Bala and Rogi Bala plays a very important role in planning the treatment. As in this patient was unable to Walk and Cannot do daily routine and due to Deergakala Vyadhi of Amavata does Vyadhikarshnata and patient was Krusha, Ksheena Bala. As when we see the treatment protocol for Pakshaghata in the first phase of treatment to increase the strength of the Patient, Sarvanga Abhyanga helps in strengthening of muscle fibres, ligaments, tendons, and other tissues of the body. Mrudu Nadi Sweda was adopted Swedana is the procedure that relieves Sthambha, Gaurava, Sheeta which induces Swedana. After when patient started to walk with support and when able to go bathroom with support as a Mrudhu Shodhana as Sadyovirechana with Gandarvashtadi Taila as Snigdha Virechana, Basti is considered as Ardha Chikitsa. It is useful in vitiation of all Doshas, Rajayapana Basthi which is Sadyobalajananartha, In Astanga Sangraha while explaining the Pradhanyatha of Basti, Acharya Vagbhata explained that Basti is mainly for Vatapradhaneshu, Shigram Bruhamana Kariywam hence forth in disease like Pakshaghata which is a kind of Apatarpanajanya Vyadhi, for Brimhanartha and Vata Shamanarth, in the present case Basti Chikitsa is adopted.


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Physiotherapy is used throughout the treatment to increase joint range of motion and muscular flexibility. It is very useful for rehabilitation. Cap.Palsineuron it was administered to patient to tackle symptoms like weakness and stiffness in the muscle. Brihatvatachintamani Rasa contains Bhasmas of Swarna, Rajata, Abhraka, Loha, Parada Muktha, Suta and is indicated in Pakshaghata, All the drugs used in these are having Tridoshagna properties. Nityanada Rasa and Arogya Vardhini Vati both Herbomineral preparation, having anti-inflammatory and Rasayana property can tackle the pathology. Sahacharadi Kashaya, Dhanvantarum Kashaya and Mahamanjishtadi Kashaya have different multiple action which helped in reducing the symptoms which helped after treatment. The holistic approach is necessary and important in this condition to increase the patient confident.

Conclusion

Pakshaghata is Vataja-Nanatmaja Vyadhi considered as Mahavatavyadhi and it difficult to manage. In the present study it was noted that Pakshaghata was associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Hypertension, so by assessing the Rogi Bala, Roga Bala and Vyadhi Avastha the treatment was adopted in phases with Snehana, Swedana and Mrudu Shodhana with Physiotherapy shown better results in Laskhanas of Pakshaghata and was able to walk with support and later Rajayapana Yoga Basti was administered. Basti Karma not only does the Srotodushti this also does the Panchavata Shamana, Dhatuposhana, Rasayana, Sirasnayu Poshana and Sadyobalajananarthakara. In this patient recovery was seen within month, which is suggestive of beneficial effective of Ayurvedic treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that Ayurvedic management is clinically highly significant in the treatment of CVD like Pakshaghata which can improve the quality of life of the Individual and reduces live lives of Dependence.

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