E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Operculina turpethum

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2023 Volume 8 Number 6 June
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Review of Trivrit (Operculina turpethum) in Brihatrayi

Gayathri Sameera U.1*, Vijaya Lakshmi A.2, Swarupa Rani G.3, Suguna Jyothi P.4
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.6.9

1* U. Gayathri Sameera, Assistant Professor, Postgraduate Department of Dravyaguna, Dr. BRKR Government Ayurvedic College, KNR University of Health Sciences, Erragadda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

2 A. Vijaya Lakshmi, HOD and Professor, Postgraduate Department of Dravyaguna, Dr. BRKR Government Ayurvedic College, KNR University of Health Sciences, Erragadda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

3 G. Swarupa Rani, Professor, Postgraduate Department of Dravyaguna, Dr. BRKR Government Ayurvedic College, KNR University of Health Sciences, Erragadda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

4 P. Suguna Jyothi, HOD and Professor Retd, Postgraduate Department of Dravyaguna, Dr. NRS Government Ayurvedic College, NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andra Pradesh, India.

Trivrit (Operculina turpethum) was considered as Agra Dravya among Ayurvedic classics apart from Sukha Virechana Karma it has many therapeutic uses and it is mentioned in treatment of Kusta, Kamala, Anaha, Visarpa, Grandhi etc. and various Yogas (medicinal preparations) were mentioned in classical books like Charaka Samhitha, Sushrutha Samhitha, Astanga Hridaya, Sarangadhara Samhitha, Nighantus etc. it has got many important chemical constituents and various research studies were conducted on it for its wide range of health benefits.

Keywords: Astanga Hridaya, Charaka Samhitha, Sushrutha Samhitha, Trivrit, Operculina turpethum Linn.

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
U. Gayathri Sameera, Assistant Professor, Postgraduate Department of Dravyaguna, Dr. BRKR Government Ayurvedic College, KNR University of Health Sciences, Erragadda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Email: 		U. Gayathri Sameera, A. Vijaya Lakshmi, G. Swarupa Rani, P. Suguna Jyothi, Review of Trivrit (Operculina turpethum) in Brihatrayi. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2023;8(6):51-61.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2536

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-04-24 2023-04-26 2023-05-03 2023-05-10 2023-05-17
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 18%

© 2023by U. Gayathri Sameera, A. Vijaya Lakshmi, G. Swarupa Rani, P. Suguna Jyothiand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(6)51
Sameera U et al: Review of Trivrit (Operculina turpethum) in Brihatrayi

Introduction

Trivrit was considerd as very significant drug in Ayurvedic treatment it was given great importance and was vividly explained in Ayurvedic literature. It is native of tropical climate its widely distributed and cultivated all over India. It is a large perennial twinned herb with mily juice. Root is long, slender, fleshy, branched and root bark is easily removable. Stem is twisted three angled hence it is known as Trivrit. Leaves are ovate or oblong in shape, simple, alternate. Flowers are funnel shaped and white in colour. It can be easily cultivated with seeds or layering. Harvesting of roots recommended after 18months of plantation. It has many pharmacological actions like anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, Hepato-protective, Anti-diabetic, Anti-microbial etc.

Table 1: References of Trivrit in classical Ayurvedic texts.

SN Reference Karma / Indications / Uses
Charaka Samhitha Sutra Stana
1. 1/77 (Dirgam Jeevitiyam Adyayam) Mulini Varga for Virechanam[1]
2. 2/9 (Apamargatanduliyam Adhyayam) Trivrit was mentioned under Virechana Dravyas used to let out Doshas from Pakvashaya.[2]
3. 3/5 (Aragvadhiya Adhyaya) Kushta Hara Lepa in Bhagandhara, Kusta and Kilasa.[3]
4. 4/5,27,39 (shadvirechanashatasritiya) Bhedhaneeya, Vishaghna, Asthapanopaga Dashemani[4]
5. 15/27 (Upakalpaniyamadhyayam) Trivrit for Virechana Karma in 1 Aksha dose[5]
6. 25/42,59 (Yajjahpurishiyamadhyayam) Sreshta Sukhavirechna Dravya, Mulasava Dravyas[6]
Charaka Samhitha Vimana Stana
1. 7/18,26 (Vyadhitharupiyam) Kashaya of Madanaphala and Trivritkalka for Vamana and Virechana[7]
2. 8/26 (Rogabhishakjitiya) Trivrit was used in Agada preparation[8]
Charaka Samhitha Chikithsa Sthana
1. 1/209,231,232,299 (Jwara chikitsa) In form of Kashaya and Lehya for internal administration[9]
2. 4/57 (Raktapitta Chikitsa) For Virechana in Urdwagata Rakthapitta Trivrit and Haritaki combination[10]
2. 5/149,155 (Gulmachikitsa) Rohinyadi Ghrita, Misraka Sneha, Nili Ghrita, Danti Haritaki[11]
3. 7/44,68-69,85-86 (Kusta Chikitsa) Trivrit was used for Virechana and also in Maha Khadira Ghrita Yoga[12]
4. 10/20 (Apasmara Chikitsa) Mahapanchagavya Ghrita[13]
5. 12/21 (Shotha Chikitsa) In Kaphaja Shotha Chikitsa[14]
6. 16/57,66 (Pandu Chikitsa) Pandu, Plihavridhi, Kusta and in Punarnava Mandoor Yoga[15]
7. 18/85,151 (Kasa Chikitsa) In Pittaja Kasa Chikitsa for Virechana[16]
8. 21/64 (Visarpa Chikitsa) For Virechana in Visarpa Chikitsa[17]
9. 23/203 (Visha Chikitsa) Visha Chikitsa[18]
10. 24/85 (Dvivraniya Chikitsa) Trivrit Lepa[19]
11. 26/85 (Trimarmiya) Used in Varti preparation for Udavarta[20]
12. 29/81-84 (Vatarakta Chikitsa) Trivrith Churna with Kshira or Draksharasa[21]
13. 30/254 (Yonivyapath Chikitsa) Trivrith and Abhaya to induce Virechana[22]
Charaka Samhita Kalpa Sthanam
1. 1/6 (Madana Kalpa) Mentioned in Shodana Dravyas[23]
2. 7/3,5,6 (Syama Trivrit Kalpa) Mula is Sreshta in Virechana Dravyas[24]
3. 7/10,11 (Syama Trivrit Kalpa) Trivrit Grahana Vidhi[24]
4. 7/12-46,46-49,50-55,72-74 (Syama Trivrit Kalpa) 110 Trivrit Kalpa Yogas[24]
5. 8/11 (Chaturangula Kalpa) Argvadha Ghrita[25]
6. 9/14-16 (Tilvaka Kalpa) Ghrita prepared with Trivrit[26]
7. 10/12,14,15-18,20 (Sudha Kalpa) Virechana Yogas[27]
8. 11/9 (Saptalashankini Kalpam) Taila and Ghrita for Virechana[28]
9. 12/11-14,32 (Dantidravanthi Kalpam) Modakas for Virechana[29]
Charaka Siddhi Stana
1. 4/13-16 (Snehavyapath Siddhi) Taila prepared with Trivrit and other drugs given in form of Anuvasana Vasthi cures Kaphaja Rogas[30]
2. 5/13 (Netravasthivyapathsiddhi) Netra Vasthi Vyapath Chikitsa[31]
3. 7/6 (Vasthivyapathsiddhi) In management of Ayoga of Vasthi[32]
4. 8/16 (Prasruthayogiyasiddhi) Drakshadi Kashaya with Trivrit Churna treats Guda Daha[32]
5. 9/8 (Trimarmiya Siddhi) Niruha Vasthi with Shyamadi Gana and Gomutra releives pain in Vasthi and Mutravikaras[34]
6. 10/25 (Vasthi Siddhi) Vasthi for Pakvashaya Vishodana[35]
7. 11/32 (Phalamatrasiddhi) Niruha Vasthi Preparation[36]
Sushruta Sutra Stana
1. 16/10 (Karnavyadhavidhiadhyaya) Karna Syava Chikisa (ear lobule treatment)[37]
2. 38/16-25 (Dravayasangrahaniyamadhyaya) Karanjadi Ghrta and Shyamadi Gana[38]
3. 39/4 (Samshodanasamshamaniya Adhyaya) Trivrit Mula for Virechana[39]
4. 42/11 (Rasaviseshavignaniya) Tikta Varga[40]
5. 44/3,5,6,7,8,9,15,16-26,35,45,53,54-59,61,64 (Virechanadravayavikalpaiya Adhyaya) Trivrit Mula which is Arunabha is best, It should be consumed along with Amla Dravyas in Vata; Kshira in Pitta and Trikatu and Trijataka in Kaphavyadhis respectively, Churna, Lehya, Modaka, Putapaka, Trivritastaka[41]
Sushruta Chikitsa Stana
1. 2/89-94 (Sadyovrana Chikitsa) Vranashodana Taila or Ghrita.[42]
2. 4/27 (Vatavyadhiadhyaya) Tilvaka Ghrta for Sneha Virechana[43]
3. 5/8 (Mahavatavyadhiadhyaya) In Vata predominant Vata Raktha Chikitsa.[44]
4. 8/39,40,41,42,48,49,50 (Bhagandhara Chikitsa)  Vrana, Nadivrana, Bhagandhara Chikitsa[45]
5. 9/5 (Kusta Chikitsa)  Syamaka leaves oral intake in Kusta[46]
6. 10/6,7,12 (Mahakusta Chikitsa) Ayaskriti[47]
7. 12/5 (Prameha Chikitsa) Dhanvatari Ghrta in Kusta, Gulma, Prameha, etc.[48]
8. 14/6,10 (Udara Chikitsa) In Pittaja Udara Chikitsa and in Phala Varti preparation[49]
9. 16/21 (Vidradi Chikitsa) Trivrit is an ingredient in Karanjadya Ghrta.[50]
10. 17/14,22,26-28 (Visarpanadistanaroga)  Visarpa, Nadivrana, Vrana Chikitsa[51]

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Sameera U et al: Review of Trivrit (Operculina turpethum) in Brihatrayi
11. 18/20,33,52 (Grandhiapachiarbudagalaganda Chikitsa) In pittaja arbuda and medhoja galaganda trivritas external applications[52]
12. 19/28,68 (Vriddhiupadamshasleepada Chikitsa) In Vataja Vruddhi, Slipada, Galagandha, Grahani etc.[53]
13. 23/12 (Shopha Chikitsa) Kshira processed with Trivrit and Trikatu for internal use[54]
14. 25/19 (Misraka Chikitsa) Taila prepared with Trivrit and others indicated in Unmatha[55]
15. 31/5 (Snehopayogika Chikitsa) Taila processed with Trivrit and other drugs used in Dadru and Kitiba Kusta[56]
16. 37/12-14,24,27,33,77 (Anuvasauttaravasthi Chikitsa)  Indicated in Gridasi, Vata Raktha, Udavartha etc.[57]
Sushruta Kalpa Stana
1. 1/37,57,82 (Annapanaraksha Kalpa) In Visha Chikitsa[58]
2. 5/61,86 (Sarpadastavishachikitsa Kalpa) As Agada in Visha Chikitsa[59] Ekasara Gana
3. 6/14-26 (Dundubisvaniya Kalpa) Mahasugandhi Agada[60]
4.  7/26-31,32-37 (Mushika Kalpa) In Musika Visha Chikitsa by Virechana[61]
Sushruta Uttara Stana
1  17/30 (Drustigata Roga Pratishedam) In Timira Chikitsa by Virechana[62]
2. 21/13-19,21/22 (Karnagatarogapratishedam) Siro Rogas, Karna Sula[63]
3. 26/38-41 (Siroroga Pratishedam) Shankaka[64]
4. 34/3 (Shitaputana Pratishedam) Trivrith along with other drugs made into Kashaya and used for Pariseka in Shitaputana[65]
5. 36/ (Naigamesha Pratishedam) Medicated oil prepared with Trivrit and other drugs used as Abhyanga in Naigamesha[66]
6. 39/229-233,234-239, 245-249 (Jwara Pratishedam) Kalyanaka Ghrta & Maha Kalyanaka Ghrta, Triphala Ghrita indicated in Ajirna Jwara, Swasa, Kasa, Vandhya, Nasta Shukra, Agnimandhya, Apasmara etc.[68]
6. 39/306 (Jwara Pratishedam) Best Virechana Kalpa for Pittaja Jwara, Urdhva Gata Rakta Pitta etc.[68]
7. 42/90 (Gulma Pratishedam) In Gulma, Sula Chikitsa[69]
8. 43/17-18 (Hrud Roga Pratishedam) Virechana in Kaphaja Hrid Roga.[70]
9. 44/30 (Pandu Roga Pratishedam) Virechana in Kamala[71]
10. 47/40,352 (Panatyaya Pratishedam) Paramada and Panatyaya[72]
11. 51/23-24 (Swasa Pratishedam) Suvahadi Ghrita in Swasa Rogas[73]
12. 52/38-41 (Kasa Pratishedam) Kalyanka Guda in Grahani, Swasa[74]
13. 55/43 (Udavarta Pratishedam) Udavarta and Amashaya Shula.[75]
14. 56/23-27 (Visuchika Pratishedam) Kashaya Vasthi preparation with Trivrit and other drugs[76]
15. 61/34-37 (Apasmara Pratishedam) Panchagavya Ghrita[77]
16. 62/22-24 (Unmada Pratishedam) Kalyanaka and Mahakalyanaka Ghrita[78]
Astanga Hridaya Sutra Stana
1. 15/3,26,45 (Shodanadigana Sangraha) Niruhadi Gana, Rodradi Gana, Syamadi Gana[79]
2. 19/56 (Basti Vidhi) Vatahara Dravyas[80]
Astanga Hridaya Chikitsa Stana
1 3/27 (Kasa Chikitsa) In Pittaja Kasa for Virechana[81]
2. 3/27,133-140 Kaphaja Kasa, Vasista Rasayana[81]
4. 3/153 In Kshayaja Kasa as mild purgative[81]


5. 5/153 (Rajayakshma Chikitsa) Virechana in Rajayakshma Chikitsa.[82]
6. 12/19-24 (Prameha Chikitsa) Dhanvantari Ghrita in, Gulma, Arshas, etc.[84]
7.  13/11-13 (Vidradhivrddhi Chikitsa) Trayantyadi Quatha Vidradi, Gulma, etc.[85]
8. 14/54 (Gulma Chikitsa) Gulma.[86]
9. 14/92-97 Dantiharitakiavalehya Gulma,, Anaha, Udara, Kusta, Pandu, Kamala.[86]
10.  14/98,99 Sudha Kalpa for Virechana.[86]
11. 14/103-106 Kshara Agada in Udavarta, Gulma, Arshas etc.[86]
12. 15/15-22 (Udara chikitsa) Narayanachurna, Hapusadi Virechana Yoga[87]
14.  15/32,33 Trivritadi Ghrta in Udara, Anaha, Gulma etc.[87]
15. 15/61,62 In Pittaja Udara after Snehana for Virechana.[87]
17.  16/7-8 Trivritadi Yoga for Vata Anulomana.
18.  16/53 In Halimaka after Snehapana for Virechana
19. 17/9,28 In Baddhamala, Shopha[88]
21. 18/3 (Visarpa Chikitsa) In Visarpa, Virechana with Trivritadi Ghrta.[89]
22. 19/33-34,86,87 (Kusta Chikitsa) Bhunimbadi Churna in Kusta, Visarpa etc.[90]
23. 20/19-23 (Krimi Chikitsa) In Krimi Chikitsa for Virechana with Trivrit[91]
24. 21/32-33, 73-81 (Vatavyadhi Chikitsa) Tilvakadi Ghrta, Bala Taila in Yoni Vyapat, Gulma, Udara & Vata Vyadhis[92]
26. 22/8,12 (Vatarakta Chikitsa) Vataja Vatarakta Chikitsa[93]
Astanga Hridaya Kalpa Stana
1. 2/1 (Virechanakalpa) Trivrit Rasapanchaka[94-95]
2. 2/3-5 Trivrit root varieties and properties with indications was mentioned.[94-95]
3. 2/6 Trivrit Mula collection method.[94-95]
4. 2/7-8 Trivrit Churna mixed with Nagara & Saindhava Lavana in Vatavyadhis. In Pittaja Vyadhis, Trivrit Churna mixed with ghee, sugar & honey. In Kaphaja Vyadhis with Panchakola.[94-95]
5. 2/9,10,12-16, 21-30,58-60 Trivrit Leha, Ajagandadi, Kalyanakaguda, Avipattikara Yoga, Virechana Yoga, Putapaka Vidhi, Haritaki Kalpa[94-95]
Astanga Hridaya Siddhi Stana
1. 5/1-5,25,41 (Basti Vyapat Siddhi) In Vasti Vyapath Chikitsa in form of Kashaya and in Guda Daha, Trivrit Prayoga along with Mrudvika[96]
Astanga Hridaya Uttara Stana
1. 2/12 (Balamaya Pratisedha) Churna of Rasna, Ajmoda, Sarala, Devadaru mixed with Ghrita for internal use[97]
2. 6/23-26 (Unmada Pratisedha) Bramhi Ghrita in Unmada, Kusta, Apasmara etc.[98]
3. 9/30 (Sandhisiragata Rogas Pratisedha) Trivrit Ghrita Pana before Siravedana and Jaluka Prayoga[99]
4. 16/31 (Sarvakshiroga Pratisedha) For Virechana in Akshi Shopha[100]
  18/5 (Karnaroga Pratisedha) Trivrit Taila for ear pain in form of drops[101]
5. 20/15 (Nasaroga Pratisedha) Dusta Pratishyaya Chikitsa[102]
6. 25/43,44 (Vrana Pratisedha) As Vrana Shodana Dravaya.[103]
7. 30/10,13,25 (Granthi Arbuda Slipada Nadi Pratisedha) In Sleepada, Apache, Kusta, Visha as Lepa[104]
  37/25 (Kitalutadi Visha Pratisedha) Trivrit and Tanduliyaka in equal ratio for oral intake[105]
8. 38/77 (Musika Alarka Visha Pratisedha) For purgation in Musika-Alarka Visha Chikitsa.[106]

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(6)53
Sameera U et al: Review of Trivrit (Operculina turpethum) in Brihatrayi

jaims_2536_01.JPGFigure 1: Trivrit plant

jaims_2536_02.JPGFigure 2: Trivrit Mula

Discussion

Trivrit is Madhura, Tikta, Katu Rasa, Ruksha Guna, Ushna Virya and Katu Vipaka. Madhura Tikta and Kashaya Rasas are Pitta Shamaka in nature they are Soumya Rasas. Katu, Tikta and Kashaya Rasas will cause Kapha Shamana and Trivrit being Sukha Virechana Dravya it causes Vata Anulomana, thus its mainly Kapha Pitta Hara and at the same time Tridoshashamaka.

Trivrit with its Ushna Virya and Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Rasas does Ama Pachana and Agni Deepana at the level of Annavaha Srotas. By its Tikshna and Laghu Gunas it reaches the minute channels and removes Sanga that which is main Sroto Dusti in Anaha and Vibandha and it also does Dosha Vilayana. And when Doshas reach the Kosta it increase the Kosta Gati and it being Sukha Virechana Dravya expels out Doshas from Adhobhaga in Drava form. Thus, the Vata Anulomana will also be attained simultaneously relieving Anaha and Vibandha. It has got many therapeutic indications like in Kusta (Skin Diseases), Visarpa (Erysipelas), Krimi (Worms), Vibandha (Constipation), Vrana (Wounds), Visha Rogas (Poisoning), Kamala (Jaundice), Arbuda (Abcess), Galaganda (Thyroid Goiter), Granthi (Cysts), Daha (Burning Sensation), Udara

(Abdominal Diseases), Bhagandhara (Fistula In Ano), Nadivrana (Sinus), Pandu (Anemia), Raktapitta (Bleeding Disorders), Vata Rakta (Gouty Arthritis), Prameha (Diabetis), Stoulya (Obesity), Jwara (Pyrexia), Kasa (Cough), Swasa (Dyspnea), Yakrit Rogas (Liver Disorders), Plihavriddhi (Spleen Disorders), Yoni Rogas (Gynecological Problems), Shotha (Edema), Grahani (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) and it is main component in many important preparations like Punarnava Mandoor, Naracha Churna, Kaishora Guggulu, Dashamularista, Avipattikara Churna etc.

Conclusion

Thus, from above references it can be inferred that Trivrit is an potent Ayurvedic drug which is being used from Vedic period to present era. It can be used as single drug and also as a compound formulation for treating many diseases.

Reference

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25. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha kalpa stana 8th chapter verse 11,16,17pg 83

26. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha kalpa stana 9th chapter verse 14-16.

27. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha kalpa stana 10th chapter verse 12,14,15-18,20,pg 94-96

28. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha kalpa stana 11th chapter verse 9,12pg 100-101

29. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha kalpa stana 12th chapter verse 11-14,32,pg 110

30. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi


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chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha siddhi stana 4th chapter verse 13-16,pg 236

31. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha siddhi stana 5th chapter verse 13,pg 255

32. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 6 varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021 Charakasamhithasiddhistana 7thchapter verse 11,23-26,pg 293,298

33. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha siddhi stana 8th chapter verse 16,pg 313

34. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha siddhi stana 9th chapter verse 8,pg 331-332

35. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha siddhi stana 10th chapter verse 25,pg 373s

36. Sharma RK and Dash VB. Agnivesha’s Charaka samhitha volume 5varanasi chaukhambha sanskrit sanstan 2021Charaka samhitha siddhi stana 11th chapter verse 32,pg 392

37. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 1, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha sutra stana 16th chapter verse 10,pg 152

38. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 1,chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha sutra stana 38th chapter verse 16-25,29,30,pg 310-313

39. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 1, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha sutra stana 39th chapter verse 4,pg 368,369

40. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 1, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha sutra stana 42nd chapter verse 11,pg 391

41. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 1, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha sutra stana 44th chapter verse 3,5-9,15-26,35,45,52-59,62-69,84-85,124pg 399,400-406,408-410,412,441

42. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 2nd chapter verse 89-93,pg289-290.

43. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 4th chapter vatavyadhiadhyaya verse 27,pg 308

44. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 5th chapter verse 8 pg 314

45. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 8th chapter verse 39-42,48-50

46. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 9th chapter verse 5,7,8,pg 358,360

47. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 10th chapter verse 6,7,12,pg 376-380

48. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 12th chapter verse 5,pg 390

49. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 14th chapter verse 6,10,pg 401,403.

50. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 16th chapter verse 16-21,pg 419

51. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 17th chapter verse 14,22,26-28,pg 426-430,

52. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 18th chapter verse 8,20,52 pg 436,442,443,447,448

53. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 19th chapter verse 28,68 pg 453,459

54. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 23rd chapter verse 12,pg 488

55. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 25th chapter verse 19,39 pg 514,518


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56. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 31st chapter verse5,55 pg 554,565

57. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 2, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha chikitsa stana 37th chapter verse 12-15,24,27,33,36,77,106 pg 617-621,650,656

58. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha kalpa stana 1st chapter verse 37,57,82 pg 559,562,565

59. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha kalpa stana 5th chapter verse 61,86,pg 609,613

60. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha kalpa stana 6th chapter verse 14-26,pg 617

61. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha kalpa stana 7th chapter 26-31,32-36pg 623,624,650,651

62. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 17th chapter verse 30,pg 87

63. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 21st chapter verse 13-19 pg 127-128

4. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 26th chapter verse 22,38-41,pg 158-160

65. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 34th chapter verse 3 pg 184

66. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 36th chapter verse

67. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 38th chapter verse 24-25,pg 173

68. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 39th chapter verse 229-239,245-249,306,pg 209-211,219

69. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 42nd chapter verse 90,pg 273

70. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 43rd chapter verse 17-18,pg 317

71. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 44th chapter verse 16,30 pg 322,325

72. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 47th chapter verse 40,pg 353

73. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 51st chapter verse 23-24,pg 390

74. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 52nd chapter verse 38-41

75. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 55th chapter verse 43,pg 427

76. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 56th chapter, verse 23-27,pg 435

77. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 61st chapter verse 34-37,pg 474

78. Sharma PV Susruta samhitha volume 3, chaukambha visvabharati 2005 susruta samhitha Uttara stana 62nd chapter verse 22-24 pg 480

79. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 1,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. sutrastana 15th chapter, pg 199,204,207 verse 3,26,26,27,45

80. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 1,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. sutrastana 19th chapter, pg 248, verse 56

81. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. cikitsastana chapter,pg 224,237,240 verse 27,53,133-140,153

82. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; 2007. chikitsastana 5thchapter pg 255, verse 3


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83. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 8th chapter pg 327verse 135-137

84. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 12thchapter pg 386,verse

85. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 13thchapter pg 392,393verse 6,11

86. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 14th chapter pg 410,417-419 verse 54,92-99,103-106

87. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 14thchapter pg 426-427, 429, 437,448,455-456, verse 7, 15-22,32-33,53-55,81.

88. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 17th chapter pg 458,461,463 verse 9,28,37

89. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 18thchapter pg 465 verse 3.

90. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 19thchapter pg478,486-487 verse 33-34,86-87

91. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 20th, verse 32

92. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 21st chapter pg 510-511, verse 73-81

93. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 2,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. chikitsastana 22nd chapter pg 514,515 verse 8,12

94. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas

Academy ;2007. kalpastana 2nd chapter a pg 539-549, verse 1,3-28,58-60.

95. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. kalpastana 2nd chapter pg 539, verse 1.

96. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. Siddhi stana 5th chapter pg 573-574,577,580 verse 1,25,41

97. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. Uttara stana 2nd chapter pg 15, verse 12.

98. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. Varanasi, chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. Uttara stana 6th chapter pg 60,verse 23-26.

99. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. Uttara stana 9th chapter pg 100,verse 30.

100. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. Uttara stana 16th, chapter pg 147-148, verse 31.

101. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. Uttara stana 18th, chapter pg 161-162, verse 5.

102. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. Uttara stana 2nd chapter pg 181, verse 15.

103. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. Uttara stana 2nd chapter pg 242, verse 43,44.

104. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy ;2007. Uttara stana 2nd chapter pg 283,285verse 10,22.

105. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; 2007. Uttara stana 2nd chapter, pg 363,verse 25,77.


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106. Murthy KRS. Vagbhata Astanga Hridaya. volume 3,5th edition. varanasi chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy; 2007. Uttara stana 2nd chapter, pg 377, verse 23.


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