E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Neurological Disorders

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2023 Volume 8 Number 10 October
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Role of incompatible food and regimen in neurological disorders

Ansari S1*, Kodwani G2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.8.10.23

1* Shahreyaar A Ansari, Post Graduate Scholar, Department Of Rog Nidan Avum Vikruti Vigyan, Govt Ayurveda College And Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

2 Ghanashyam H Kodwani, Professor and HOD, Department of Rog Nidan Avum Vikruti Vigyan, Govt Ayurveda College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Introduction: The burden of neurological disorders has gradually increased over last 30 years. Neurological disorders are becoming a leading cause of disability and mortality in worldwide population. Patients presenting with common neurological symptoms like headache, anxiety, behavioural changes, fatigue, unexplained pain, erectile dysfunction, have been increasing, most of which can be attributed to unhealthy lifestyle and dietary practices. Ayurveda is one of the oldest systems of medicine, evolved over 3 millennia through constant devotedness of its preachers & learners. Viruddha Ahara is mentioned to cause various metabolic disorders and may even lead to neurological diseases. Food-food interaction is a serious issue requiring much attention. Hence it is of importance to ascertain role of Viruddha Ahara in the manifestation of different neurological disorders.
Aim: To study role of incompatible food and regimen in neurological disorders.
Material and Methods: This is a conceptual study for which various Ayurveda texts, Modern texts and published Articles are referred.
Discussion: Although food combinations in present era are different in nature, principles remain the same and it is required to identify such food incompatibilities that can cause neurological disorders based on basic Ayurvedic principles. Conclusions will be made on basis of mentioned concepts.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Food Combinations, Neurological Disorders, Incompatible Food, Viruddha Ahara, Dietary Regimen

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Shahreyaar A Ansari, Post Graduate Scholar, Department Of Rog Nidan Avum Vikruti Vigyan, Govt Ayurveda College And Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Email: 		Ansari S, Kodwani G, Role of incompatible food and regimen in neurological disorders. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2023;8(10):153-159.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2824

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-08-13 2023-08-18 2023-08-23 2023-08-28 2023-09-18
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None declared. Nil Yes 21.87%

© 2023by Ansari S, Kodwani Gand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(10)153
Shahreyaar A. Ansari et al. Role of incompatible food and regimen in neurological disorders

Introduction

Ayurveda is an ancient medical science, that focuses more on wellbeing and healthy living of a person. Ayurveda has emphasized importance of Ahara by considering it one of the three Upastambha (pillars) of life[1] viz. Ahara (diet), Nidra (sleep) and Bramhacharya (celibacy). According to Ayurveda there are positive & negative attributes of Ahara, and it emphasizes on consumption of right kind of diet for promotion and maintenance of health & nutrition. Ahara is an essential unit of sustainment of life of humans and is responsible for both health & disease. If consumed according to mentioned rules, it is termed Hita Ahara and is beneficial for Agni, promote mental & physical strength as well as complexion.[2] Viruddha Ahara is a unique concept of Ayurveda. The Ahara which has properties antagonistic to Dhatus of the body is called Viruddha Ahara.[3]

According to Charaka all those foods that aggravate the Dosha but do not eliminate them from the body which then become unhealthy for the body is considered Viruddha Ahara.[4] According to Sushruta, Viruddha Ahara aggravate the Dhatu along with Dosha.[5]

Charaka has mentioned 18 types of Viruddha Ahara along with examples,[6]

Type of Viruddha AharaExample
1.        Desha Viruddha (antagonist to land or region)Ruksha-Teekshna Ahara in Jangala Desh, Snigdha Sheeta Ahara in Aanup Desha.
2.        Kala Viruddha (antagonist to time or region)Katu-Ushna substance in Ushna Kala, Sheeta-Ruksha substance in Sheeta Kala.
3.        Agni Viruddha (antagonist to digestive power)Guru food in Mandaagni, Laghu food in Teekshna Agni.
4.        Matra Viruddha (incompatible quantity)Equal quantities of honey & Ghrita, honey & rainwater.
5.        Satmya Viruddha (unwholesome to individual)Intake of Madhur-Sheeta substance by a person accustomed to Katu-Ushna substance.
6.        Dosha Viruddha (which aggravate doshas)Consumption of substances with similar properties with Dosha but opposite to habit.
7.        Sanskara Viruddha (incompatible mode of preparation)Heated honey, meat of peacock roasted on castor wood, etc.
8.        Veerya Viruddha (antagonistic potency)Consumption of Ushna substance with Sheeta substance (fish+milk).
9.        Koshtha Viruddha (against nature of bowel)Consumption of light diet with mild potency by person with Krura Koshtha.
10.     Avastha Viruddha (against state or condition)Intake of Vata aggravating food after physical exertion or sexual act.
11.     Krama Viruddha (against sequence)Consuming curd at night, intake of food without clearance of bowel, not consuming food when hungry.
12.     Parihara Viruddha (antagonistic to substances that relieve symptoms)Consumption of cold water immediately after having tea or coffee.
13.     Upachara Viruddha (antagonistic to treatment)Intake of cold substance after taking Ghrita, intake of hot water after taking honey.
14.     Paaka Viruddha (incompatible cooking practice)Overcooking, undercooking, or burning of food.
15.     Sanyoga Viruddha (combination which is poisonous)Amla (sour) substance with milk, fruit salad
16.     Hriday Viruddha (disliked food)Intake of food that is unpleasant for a particular individual.
17.     Sampad Viruddha (food with inadequate qualities)Intake of not matured, over matured or putrefied substance.
18.     Vidhi Viruddha (antagonistic to mentioned rules)Consumption of food against mentioned rules and regimen.

Some incompatible food combinations have been given in Ayurvedic texts, which should be avoided,

[7]

Intake of fish with milk.Consumption of melons with grains.
Intake of curd at night.Consumption of milk and melons at same time.
Consumption of heated honey.Consumption of sweet and sour fruits in fruit salad.
Consumption of cold water immediately after hot meal.Consumption of raw and cooked foods together.
Consumption of banana with milk.Consumption of honey and Ghrita in equal quantity.
Consumption of green leafy vegetables with milk.Consumption of fruit salad with milk.
Consumption of meat of Aanup (marshy region) animals with black gram.Consumption of Upodika cooked with paste of sesame.
Consumption of lotus stem or Kamala plant fried in mustard oil, with milk or honey.Consumption of meat of Haridraka (kind of yellow bird) with turmeric.
Eating radish, garlic, or basil with milk.Consumption of long pepper processed in fish fat.
Consumption of all sour substances with milk.Consumption of meat of Balaka bird with Varuni (supernatant fluid of vine).
Consumption of Ghrita kept in bronze vessel for 10 consecutive days.Consumption of meat of peacock, quail, monitor lizard cooked in castor oil on castor tree wood fire.

Ahara Vidhi Vidhan is another important topic mentioned in Ayurveda which forms the foundation of dietetics. It elaborates on regimen and rules to be followed in consumption of food, that are as follows,[8]

1. Ushnam Ashniyat (consumption of warm food).
2. Snighdam Ashniyat (consumption of unctuous food).
3. Matravat Ashniyat (consumption of food in adequate quantity).
4. Jirne Ashniyat (consumption of food after digestion of previous meal).
5. Veerya Aviruddha Ashniyat (consumption of food which are not antagonistic in potency).
6. Ishta Deshe/ Ishta Sarvopkarnam Ashniyat (consumption of food in congenial place and circumstance).
7. Naatidrutam Ashniyat (consumption of food in calm not hurriedly manner).
8. Naativilambit Ashniyat (consumption of food in a not too leisurely manner).
9. Ajalpana, Ahasana, Tanmanabhunjitam (avoidance of talking, laughing while consumption of food and concentrating on food).
10. Aatanam Abhisamikshya Bhunjitam (consumption of food after considering one’s constitution and requirements).


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(10)154
Shahreyaar A. Ansari et al. Role of incompatible food and regimen in neurological disorders

Viruddha Ahara produces various types of diseases. Charaka emphasized this matter by giving one verse specially regarding Ahara and its causativeness for diseases. Body is a result of nourishment by food ingested in the four-fold manner i.e., Ashita (eaten), Peeta (drunk), Leedha (licked up) and Khadita (masticated) and similarly the diseases that affect this body are equally the result of food that is also eaten, drunk, licked up and masticated. The distinction between use of wholesome diet and that of unwholesome diet is responsible for the distinction between health and disease in the body.[9]

Agnimandya is the cause of several diseases.[10] Viruddha Ahara causes the vitiation of Agni by Abhojana, Ajirnatibhojana, Vishamashana, Asatmya, Ati Ruksha and Sheeta, Sansrusta Bhojana. Thus, we can say that Agni mostly gets vitiated by Viruddha Ahara. This vitiated Jatharagni does not digest even the lightest of food substances, resulting in Ajirna (indigestion). This undigested food material later turns into Ama which acts as a poison and termed as Ama Visha in Ayurvedic terminology.[11]

 Following are the diseases that occur because of Viruddha Ahara,[12]

Shaandya (Impotency)Aadhmana (Abdominal distention)Shotha (Swelling or oedema)
Andhya (Blindness)Galgraha (Throat obstruction)Amlapitta (Acidity)
Visarpa (Erysipelas)Pandu Roga (Anemia)Jwara (Fever)
Jalodara (Ascitis)Ama (Endogenous toxin)Pinas (Allergic Rhinitis)
Unmada (Insanity)Kilasa (Leukoderma)Santana Dosha (Infertility)
Bhagandara (Fistula in ano)Kushtha (skin disorders)Mrutyu (Death).
Murcha (Coma/fainting)Grahani (IBS) 

Charaka has also mentioned that Veerya Viruddha Ahara is best amongst causes of Nindita Vyadhi.[13] The Ashtomahagad are termed as Nindita Vyadhi by Ashtanga Sangraha commentator Indu. They are as follows (according to Charaka),[14]

1. Vatavyadhi (neurological disorders)
2. Kushtha (skin disorders)
3. Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus)
4. Udara (ascites)
5. Rajayakshma (Koch’s disease)
6. Apasmar (epilepsy)
7. Gulma (abdominal tumour)
8. Shopha (oedema)

From above information it is clear that Viruddha Ahara is an important causative factor of metabolic and neurological diseases.

Neurological Disorders

The nervous system is a complex and sophisticated system that facilitates regulation and coordination of body's basic functions and activities. Our whole body is controlled by the nervous system including the process of digestion up to endocrine function, everything depends upon the complexity of the nervous system. It is made up of two major divisions, including the central nervous system (consisting of the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (consisting of all other neural elements).[15] The disease which afflicts the nervous system is termed as neurological disease.

Ayurveda considers neurological disorders to be the result of Vata Dosha vitiation. Charaka has enumerated causes of Vatavyadhi among which those related to diet and its regimen include, Ruksha Ahara (excessive dry), Sheeta Ahara (excessive cold), Alpa Ahara (light quantity), and Laghu Ahara (food with light property). This causes vitiation of Vata Dosha which in turn causes an imbalance and disharmony in the human system that leads to neurological disorders.[16]

As stated before, incompatible diet and regimen is an important cause of diseases in humans. Charaka has considered Veerya Viruddha Ahara to be the best causative factor for 8 Nindita Vyadhis, Vatavyadhi being one of them.[13]

Furthermore, Vishamagni a type of Agni Dushti, is said to manifest into various Vatavyadhis in presence of favourable conditions.[17]

Charaka has mentioned 80 types of Nanatmaja Vatavyadhi.[18] Below are some common neurological diseases along with their Ayurvedic correlations.

VatavyadhiCorrelation with modern science
ArditaBell’s Palsy
AvabahukaFrozen shoulder
ApatantrakaHysteric convulsions
ApasmaraEpilepsy
AkshepakaConvulsion
ViswachiBrachial neuritis
GridhrasiSciatica syndrome
GrivashoolaCervical spondylitis
HanugrahaLock jaw
Jivha StambhaGlossal palsy
KampavataParkinsonism
KatishoolLumber spondylitis
KalayakhanjaLathyrism
KhanjaLimping
KhalliCramps, fasciculations
ManyastambhaNeck rigidity
PanguPoliomyelitis
PakshaghatHemiplegia, paraplegia
Pakwashayagata VataIrritable bowel syndrome
ShirograhaTrigeminal neuralgia
Shukragata VataSexual neurosis
Twachagata VataPeripheral neuritis

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(10)155
Shahreyaar A. Ansari et al. Role of incompatible food and regimen in neurological disorders

Samprapti (Pathophysiology)

The Samanya Samprapti of Vatavyadhi - Due to the intake of Vatakara Ahara and Vihara, Vata Dosha get vitiated, which lodges in Rikta Srotasa, producing diseases that are either Sarvaang (generalised) or Ekaang (localised).[19]

There are also 2 types of Vishesha Samprapti viz. Dhahtukshayajanya and Margavrodhjanya.[20] An attempt will be made to explain probable pathophysiology of Vatavyadhi due to consumption of incompatible diet and faulty regimen.

1) Dhatukshayajanya Vatavyadhi - Due to faulty diet practices there may be an inadequacy of nutrition to Dhatus of the body leading to Rikta (empty) Srotas; and along with this if there is presence of Vata vitiating Vihara (regimen), the Vata gets established in these empty Srotas and manifest into Vatavyadhi.

2) Margavrodhjanya Vatavyadhi - The incompatible diet and faulty regimen may result into formation of ama which can lead to obstructive pathology. Ama deposits itself in Srotas creating obstruction to normal flow of Vata. This deflected Vata (Vimarg Gaman) manifests into various types of Vatavyadhi.

Dhatukshayajanya Samprapti

Viruddha Ahara (diet) Viruddha Vihara (regimen)
↓                                                           ↓
        Dhatu Kshaya                        Vataprakopa (vitiation)
↓
Rikt Srotas
↓
Vitiated Vata gets Sthansanshraya (deposited) in empty Srotas
↓
Symptoms according to Srotas involved
↓
Vatavyadhi

Margavrodhjanya Samprapti

Viruddha Ahara-Vihara
↓
Production of Ama
↓
Ama makes Sthansanshraya (deposited) in Srotas
↓
Obstruction of Srotas
↓

Obstruction to normal flow of Vata
↓
Vata undergoes Vimarga Gaman (deflection)
↓
Deflected Vata produces symptoms
↓
Vatavyadhi

Materials and Methods

This is a conceptual study which comprises of the review of literature of classical ancient Ayurveda texts. Literature in modern science concerned with concept of Viruddha Ahara and Ahara Vidhi Vidhan have been collected and corelated with published works. The compiled literary material has been analysed and critically evaluated to develop the concept.

Discussion

There are over 600 known neurological disorders and conditions that affect the human nervous system and for many of them treatment options are extremely limited.[21] Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by neurological disorders. Approximately 6.2 million people worldwide die because of stroke each year, over 80% of deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries. More than 50 million people have epilepsy worldwide. It is estimated that there are globally 35.6 million people with dementia with 7.7 million new cases every year - Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and may contribute to 60-70% of cases. The prevalence of migraine is more than 10% worldwide.[15]

Ayurveda considers neurological disorders are the result of a Vata Dosha vitiation. It is described above how faulty dietary practices and intake of incompatible foods can result in occurrence of various Vatavyadhi by means of different pathophysiology.

It is of great necessity to find the relation between diet of present era and establishing them on basic Ayurvedic principles in causation of diseases.

Intake of milk with fruits should be avoided, but in today’s life we see that consumption of food items like fruit salad with cream, fruit shakes containing milk especially banana milk shake, are quite popular. Similarly heated honey is mentioned


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(10)156
Shahreyaar A. Ansari et al. Role of incompatible food and regimen in neurological disorders

to become poisonous, but honey with warm water is widely advertised as a health drink for weight loss. Ayurveda also advises against consumption of raw and cooked foods together, but sashimi, a Japanese delicacy consisting of raw sliced fish or meat eaten with cooked rice is globally popular. Consumption of ice cream with hot chocolate sauce is another example of incompatible diet (Veerya Viruddha).

Fast foods are greatly popular especially in young individuals. A recent in vivo study demonstrated how fast foods are deficient in micronutrients, including zinc, iron, micronutrients, and vitamins. The study concluded that micronutrient deficiency especially zinc, caused underdeveloped testis and decreased testosterone levels[22] which can further lead to erectile dysfunction and impotence (Klaibya/Shaandya).

Various studies have associated fast foods as a risk factor for diabetes mellitus in adult as well as growing population. Diabetes has been considered an independent compounding risk for stroke by aggravating other risk factors including hypertension, heart diseases, and hyperlipidemia.[23]

Another study shows that reheating of oils such as soyabean, sunflower, corn produces a toxin called 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE). Higher levels of 4-HNE have been linked with diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, stroke, and cancer.[24]

Dietary practices of today’s lifestyle like prolonged fasting; eating in a hurried manner; usage of mobile phones, television while eating; conversing, discussing, laughing while eating, all are against Ahara Vidhi Vidhan.

Conclusion

From above discussion it is evident that incompatible diet and regimen is an important aspect of today’s lifestyle. This can lead to several types of diseases including neurological diseases unbeknownst to people. It is therefore important to enlist incompatibilities of diet and regimen in causation of neurological disease. This study explores the role of faulty dietary practices in both Dhatukshayajanya and Margavrodhjanya Samprapti of Vatavyadhi. Ayurveda provides a complete and systematic understanding about effect of food on our health. Food taken in a proper manner helps

in promotion and maintenance of health, on the contrary if taken in an improper manner leads to various diseases. Proper study and understanding of Ayurveda can help train individuals to practice a healthy lifestyle inclusive of healthy dietary practices and help in preventing such factors becoming cause of neurological diseases.

References

1. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Sutra Sthana, 11/35. p.171.

2. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba
Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Sutra Sthana, 27/3. p.388.

3. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Sutra Sthana, 26/81. p.379.

4. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Sutra Sthana, 26/85. p.382.

5. Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita (Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika Hindi Commentary) Part 1. Ambikadutta Shastri, editor. Reprint ed. 2016. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan; 2016. Sutra Sthana, 20/20. p.110.

6. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Sutra Sthana, 26/87-101. p.382-384.

7. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Sutra Sthana, 26/82-84. p.380-382.

8. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1.


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(10)157
Shahreyaar A. Ansari et al. Role of incompatible food and regimen in neurological disorders

Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Vimana Sthana, 1/24-25. p.557-559.

9. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Sutra Sthana, 28/5. p.427.

10. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 2. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Chikitsa Sthana, 15/4. p.358.

11. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 2. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Chikitsa Sthana, 15/42-44. p.367.

12. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Sutra Sthana, 26/102-103. p.385.

13. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Sutra Sthana, 25/40. p.338.

14. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Indriya Sthana, 9/8-9. p.848.

15. World Health Organization. [Online] Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mental-health-neurological-disorders accessed on 15-01-2022.

16. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 2. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Chikitsa Sthana, 28/15-18. p.690.

17. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 2. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Chikitsa Sthana, 15/50. p.369.

18. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 1. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Sutra Sthana, 20/11. p.293.

19. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 2. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Chikitsa Sthana, 28/18-19. p.690.

20. Charaka. Charaka Samhita (Vaidyamanorama Hindi Commentary) Volume 2. Vidyadhar Shukla, Ravi Dutt Tripathi, editors. Reprint ed. 2013. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan; 2013. Chikitsa Sthana, 28/59. p.699.

21. [Online] Disabled World. Available from: https://www.disabled-world.com/health/neurology/ accessed on 15-01-2022.

22. El-Seweidy MM, Hashem RM, Abo-El-matty DM, Mohamed RH. Frequent inadequate supply of micronutrients in fast food induces oxidative stress and inflammation in testicular tissues of weanling rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Sep;60(9):1237-42. doi: 10.1211/jpp.60.9.0017. PMID: 18718129.

23. Chen R, Ovbiagele B, Feng W. Diabetes and Stroke: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Pharmaceuticals and Outcomes. Am J Med Sci. 2016 Apr;351(4):380-6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.01.011. PMID: 27079344; PMCID: PMC5298897.

24. Zarkovic K. 4-hydroxynonenal and neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Aspects Med. 2003 Aug-Oct;24(4-5):293-303. doi: 10.1016/s0098-2997(03)00024-4. PMID: 12893007.


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(10)158