E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Chandrakala Rasa

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 2 February
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Review on Chandrakala Rasa - A Kharaliya Rasayana

Fattepur V1*, Kamatar S2, Hussain G3
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.2.35

1* Fattepur V, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

2 Kamatar S, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

3 Hussain G, Associate Professor, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurveda, which deals with formulations prepared with varied origin of drugs like metals, minerals, marine drugs, silicate drugs, etc. The formulations are grouped into four categories namely Kharaliya Yogas, Parpati Yogas, Kupipakwa Yogas and Pottali Yogas. Chandrakala Rasa comes under Kharaliya Rasa category of Rasaushadhis. Chandrakala Rasa is one of the Ayurvedic formulations mentioned under Mutrakricchra (Dysuria), Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders), Daha (Burning sensations), Jwara (Fever), as per different classical textbooks. It is a herbo- mineral formulation indicated in Pitta Vikara (disease caused by vitiation of Pitta dosha) such as Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders), Raktapradara (Menorrhagia), Jwara (Fever), Prameha (Diabetes), Mutrakriccha (Dysuria), etc. Various references of it are mentioned in different classical text books.

Keywords: Kharaliya Rasayana, Chandrakala Rasa, Rasashastra, Pitta Vikara

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Fattepur V, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Fattepur V, Kamatar S, Hussain G, Review on Chandrakala Rasa - A Kharaliya Rasayana. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(2):232-237.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2943

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-12-10 2023-12-20 2023-12-30 2024-01-09 2024-01-18
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None declared Nil Yes 21.41

© 2024by Fattepur V, Kamatar S, Hussain Gand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Fattepur V. et al. Review on Chandrakala Rasa - A Kharaliya Rasayana

Introduction

Rasashastra is a unique branch of Ayurveda which evolved in the medieval period of 8th century. It is considered as an alchemical chemistry, dealing about the processing of “Parada” (Mercury) along with other metals, minerals, etc. for the purpose of attaining Lohaveda and Dehaveda. Based on the method of preparation, the formulations are categorized into Kharaliya, Kupipakwa, Pottali and Parpati Kalpana. Kharaliya Yogas are prepared by triturating the ingredients in mortar and pestle.[1] Chandrakala Rasa comes under Kharaliya Yoga containing mainly Kajjali (black sulphide of mercury), Tamra Bhasma, Abhraka Bhasma along with different Bhavana Dravya. It is mentioned in different classical text books like Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya, Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Yoga Ratnakara, Rasa Chintamani, Rasa Chandanshu, etc. It is indicated in Vata-Pittaja disorders like Jwara, Daha, Murcha, Bhrama, etc. It is specially mentioned to consume the formulation in Grishma and Sharada Rutu (Summer and Autumn).[2]

The ingredients of the formulation vary slightly according to different Acharya, with Kajjali, Tamra Bhasma and Abraka Bhasma common in all references. According to Siddha Yoga Sangraha, Mukta Bhasma is an ingredient along with others.[3] Unique procedure is followed, i.e., after complete Bhavana (Trituration), the product is wrapped and kept in paddy husk for seven days according to Bhrihat Nighantu Ratnakara, Rasa Chintamani, Rasa Chandanshu and for a day according to Yogaratnakara. Hence a detailed review on the formulation is conducted in the present article to compile the information on differences and similarities in method of preparation, indications according to different Acharya.

Materials and Methods

A list of references of Chandrakala Rasa is assembled from different classical texts and compilations, of Rasashastra with special emphasis placed on the contributions made by each text. Since published data could not be found for the research projects on Chandrakala Rasa, it was necessary to interpret the traditional information.

Table 1: Ingredients of Chandrakala Rasa from different references

SNReferencesIngredientsAnupana (Adjuvant)Dose
1.Ayurveda Formulary of India[4]
Yoga Ratnakara[5]
Bhaishjaya Ratnavali[6]		Shuddha Parada (Hydrargyrum), Tamra Bhasma (Calyx of copper), Abharak Bhasma (Calyx of Mica) - 12, Purified Gandhak (Sulphur) - 24 g
Bhavana Dravya (Media for trituration) - Musta (Cyperus rotundus linn), Dadima (Punica granatum), Ketakimula (Costus specious), Sahadevi (Vernonia cineria), Kumari (Aloe vera chinensis), Durva (Cynodont dactylon pers), Parpata (Fumaria indica), Ramsitalika (Bombax malabaricum), Satavari (Asparagus racemosus), Stanaja Drava (cow’s milk) – 1Bhavana each
Churna- Parpata (Fumaria indica), Usira (Vetiveria zizanioides), Madhavi (Hiptage benghalensis), Candana (Santalum album), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus), Katuki (Picrorhiza kurroa), Guduchi Satva (Tinospora cordifolia) – 12g each
Bhavana Dravya – Draksha (Vitis vinifera) – 7 days		-1 to 3 Ratti (125mg to 750mg)
2.Rasa Yoga Sagara [7]Shuddha Parada (Hydrargyrum), Tamra Bhasma (Calyx of copper), Abharak Bhasma (Calyx of Mica) -12g, Purified Gandhak (Sulphur) -24g
Bhavana Dravya (Media for trituration) – Musta (Cyperus rotundus linn), Dadima (Punica granatum), Ketakimula (Costus specious), Sahadevi (Vernonia cineria), Kumari (Aloe vera chinensis) – 1day Bhavana each
Churna – Parpata (Fumaria indica), Usira (Vetiveria zizanioides), Magadi (Piper longum), Candana (Santalum album), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus) 12g each
Bhavana Dravya – Draksha (Vitis vinifera) Phala Kashya – 7days		-1 to 3 Ratti (125mg to 375mg)
3.Bruhat Nighantu Ratnakar[8]Shuddha Parada (Hydrargyrum), Tamra Bhasma (Calyx of copper), Abharak Bhasma (Calyx of Mica) -12g Purified Gandhak (Sulphur)-24g
Bhavana Dravya (Media for trituration) – Musta (Cyperus rotundus linn), Dadima (Punica granatum), Ketakimula (Costus specious), Sahadevi (Vernonia cineria), Kumari (Aloe vera chinensis) Durva (Cynodont dactylon pers), Parpata (Fumaria indica), Ramsitalika (Bombax malabaricum), Satavari (Asparagus racemosus)– 2days Bhavana each.
Churna – Parpata (Fumaria indica), Usira (Vetiveria zizanioides), Madhavi (Hiptage benghalensis), Candana (Santalum album), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus), Tikta (Picrorhiza kurroa), Guduchistava (Tinospora cordifolia)- 12g each
Bhavana Dravya – Drakshadi Kashya- 7 days		1 to 2 Ratti (125 to 250mg)
4.Rasa Ratna Samuchayya[9]Shuddha Parada (Hydrargyrum), Tamra Bhasma (Calyx of copper), Abharak Bhasma (Calyx of Mica) -12g purified Gandhak (Sulphur) - 24g
Bhavana Dravya (Media for trituration) - Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn), Dadima (Punica granatum), Ketakimula (Costus specious) Sahadevi (Vernonia cineria), Kumari (Aloe vera chinensis) – 1 day Bhavana by each Dravya.
Churna - Parpata (Fumaria indica), Usira (Vetiveria zizanioides), Magadi (Piper longum), Candana (Santalum album), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus) 12g each.
Bhavana Dravya - Draksha (Vitis vinifera) Phala Kashya - 7days		Vasa Swarasa (Juice of Adhatoda vasica)2 Ratti (250 mg)

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SNReferencesIngredientsAnupana (Adjuvant)Dose
5.Siddha Yoga Sangraha[10]Shuddha Parada (Hydrargyrum), Tamra Bhasma (calyx of copper), Abharak Bhasma (calyx of Mica) -12g Purified Gandhak (Sulphur) and Purified Mukta (Pearl) - 24g
Bhavana Dravya (Media for trituration) – Musta (Cyperus rotundus linn), Dadima (Punica granatum), Ketakimula (Costus specious), Sahadevi (Vernonia cineria), Durva (Cynodont dactylon pers), Parpata (Fumaria indica), Satavari (Hemidesmus indicus) – 1 days Bhavana each.
Churna - Parpata (Fumaria indica), Usira (Vetiveria zizanioides), Madhavi (Hiptage benghalensis), Candana (Santalum album), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus), Tikta (Picrorhiza kurroa), Guduchi satva (Tinospora cordifolia) - 12g each
Bhavana Dravya - Draksha (Vitis vinifera) Phala Kashya - 7 days.		Cold water, Usirasava, Ashokarista1 to 2 Ratti (125 to 250mg)
6.Yoga Ratnakara 2 [11]Shuddha Parada (Hydrargyrum), Purified Hingula (Cinnabar), Abharak Bhasma (Calyx Mica) - 12g Purified Gandhak (Sulphur) - 24g
Bhavana Dravya (Media for trituration) - Musta (Cyperus rotundus linn), Dadima (Punica granatum), Ketakimula (Costus specious), Sahadevi (Vernonia cineria), Kumari (Aloe vera chinensis), Durva (Cynodont dactylon pers), Parpata (Fumaria indica), Ramsitalika (Bombax malabaricum), Satavari (Asparagus racemosus), Stanaja Drava (Cow’s milk) - 1 Bhavana each
Churna - Parpata (Fumaria indica), Usira (Vetiveria zizanioides), Madhavi (Hiptage benghalensis), Candana (Santalum album), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus), Tikta (Picrorhiza kurroa), Guduchistava (Tinospora cordifolia) - 12g each
Bhavana Dravya - Draksha (Vitis vinifera) Phala Kashaya - 7 days		1 to 2 Ratti (125 to 250mg)
7.Rasa Chintamani[12]Shuddha Parada (Hydrargyrum), Tamra Bhasma (Calyx of Copper), Abharak Bhasma (Calyx of Mica) - 12g Purified Gandhak (Sulphur) - 24g
Bhavana Dravya (Media for trituration) – Musta (Cyperus rotundus linn), Dadima (Punica granatum), Ketakimula (Costus specious), Sahadevi (Vernonia cineria), Kumari (Aloe vera chinensis), Durva (Cynodont dactylon pers), Parpata (Fumaria indica), Ramsitalika (Bombax malabaricum), Satavari (Asparagus racemosus) - 1 Bhavana each
Churna - Parpata (Fumaria indica), Usira (Vetiveria zizanioides), Madhavi (Hiptage benghalensis), Candana (Santalum album), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus), Tikta (Picrorhiza kurroa), Guduchistava (Tinospora cordifolia) - 12g each
Bhavana Dravya - Draksha (Vitis vinifera) Phala Kashaya - 7 days		Honey Milk with Sugar2 to 3 Ratti (250 to 750mg)
8.Rasa Chandansu[13]Shuddha Parada (Hydrargyrum), Tamra Bhasma (Calyx of Copper), Abharak Bhasma (Calyx of Mica) - 12g Purified Gandhaka (Sulphur) -24g
Bhavana Dravya (Media for trituration) - Musta (Cyperus rotundus linn), Dadima (Punica granatum), Ketakimula (Costus specious), Sahadevi (Vernonia cineria), Kumari (Aloe vera chinensis), Durva (Cynodont dactylon pers), Parpata (Fumaria indica), Ramsitalika (Bombax malabaricum), Satavari (Asparagus racemosus), - 1 Bhavana each
Churna - Parpata (Fumaria indica), Usira (Vetiveria zizanioides), Madhavi (Hiptage benghalensis), Candana (Santalum album), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus), Tikta (Picrorhiza kurroa), Guduchistava (Tinospora cordifolia) - 12g each
Bhavana Dravya - Drakshadi Kashaya - 7 days		Milk, Sugar, Jeeraka (Cuminum cyminum Linn)1 to 2 Ratti (125 to 250mg)

Indications

The Chandrakala Rasa indications is nearly the same as what all of the authors listed above have stated, All Pittaroga (Diseases of Pitta), Vata Pittaroga, Antardaha (Internal burning sensation), Bahyadaha (External burning sensations), Mahatapa, Jwara (Fever), Bhrama (Giddiness), Mutrakriccha (Dysuria), Raktapradara (Menorrhagia), Urdhva-Adhoga Gata Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders), Raktavami (Haemetemesis).

Method of preparation

First purified Parada and purified Gandhaka are triturated to make Kajjali, then, the remaining Bhasma are to be added and mixed well. After that, Bhavana should be done with mentioned drugs for stipulated period individually. Then the herbal Dravyas should be added, mixed well and Bhavana with Draksha or Drakshadi Kashaya is given for seven times and rolled into pills.[14]

Discussion

Total thirteen references of Chandrakala Rasa are compiled. By considering the period of each reference it could be concluded that Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya (13th century) is the earliest, followed by Yoga Ratnakara (16th century), Bhaishajya Ratnavali (19th century).

In Yoga Ratnakara, Tamra Bhasma is not included under ingredients but Shuddha Hingula is mentioned. In Siddha Yoga Sangraha, Mukta Bhasma is told as an additional ingredient along with other ingredients. In the market available products too Chandrakala Rasa with Mukta and without Mukta are available.

In Rasa Chandanshu and Brihat Nigantu Ratnakar Drakshadi Kashaya is mentioned as Bhavana Dravya and remaining authors have mentioned Draksha Phala Kashya for Bhavana purpose.

In Brihat Nighantu Ratnakar it is mentioned to give Bhavana with each Drava Dravya for two days, remaining authors mentioned to give Bhavana with each Drava Dravya for one day.

In Rasa Chintamani, Rasa Chandanshu and Brihat Nighantu Ratnakar have mentioned to keep the product obtained after Bhavana in a heap of paddy for seven days; whereas Yogaratnakara has mentioned to keep it for a day. Nirantaragni


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is a type of Agni generated in Dhanya Rashi. So, the mention of placing in Dhanya Rashi is emphasized to carry out the process of Agni Samskara and Kala Samskara.

Pharmacological properties of ingredients of Chandrakala Rasa

In Chandrakala Rasa, Dwiguna Bali Jarita Kajjali is used for preparation of medicine. Dwiguna Bali Jarita Parada is said to cure Maha Roga[15] as per Rasa Tarangini, Kushta as per Ayurveda Prakasha. It also has other properties like Rasayana (Anti-ageing) Yogavahi (as a catalyst), Sarvaamayahara (useful in many other diseases), Vruyshya (Aphrodisiac) and it pacifies Tridosha it increases bio availability of drug which helps to obtain greater efficiency of drug.[16]

Tamra Bhasma has Lekhana and Pitta Saraka qualities. It has the power to heal all Pitta and Kapha illnesses, both acute and chronic. Additionally, it treats every kind of Kosthagata and Sakhagata Roga.[17] Abhraka Bhasma is used as a rejuvenating agent for brain and neuropsychiatric disorders, an aphrodisiac (Vrushya), an anti-aging agent (Rasyana), and it protects against all forms of Maharoga. When used wisely, it promotes long and healthy life.[18]

Mukta Bhasma improves the appetite, brings down the burning sensations in body, it is good for aphrodisiac and provides longevity, it nullifies the influence of poisons over the body, it is useful in Jirna Jwara[19] Shuddha Gandhaka is a good rejuvenator and is recommended for Kustha (Skin diseases), Visarpa (Herpes zoster), and Kandu (Itching). It also counteracts the negative effects of Gara visa on the body.[20] Shuddha Hingula has properties Kapha-Pitta Nasak, Rasayana (Anti-aging), Vrishya (Aphrodisiac), Vishahara (Anti-poisoning) and Jwarahara (Anti-pyretic).[21]

Conclusion

Chandrakala Rasa is one of the important Kharaliya Rasayana. It is found mentioned in thirteen classical references explained under different Rogadhikaras by different Acharyas like Daha Chikitsa, Mutrakriccha Chikitsa, Raktapitta Chikitsa, etc. Each of the reference mentioned is different with addition or deletion of some ingredients. Most of these are mentioned for Pitta Roga and the dose is also same

according all authors, some author mentioned specified Anupana for Chandrakala Rasa. There are opportunities to do research in this area because not much research has been carried out on the same.

References

1. Angadi Ravindra, A text book of Rasasastra, revised edition Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2022: p.140

2. Lochan K, English translation on Bhaisajya Ratnavali of Shri Govinda Das. vol-2; 1 edition, Mutrakricchra: chapter 34, verse 47-55. Varanasi, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan, 2006: p. 467

3. Achraya Y T, Siddha Yoga Sangraha.11th ed, chapter 5 Raktapitta Adhikara, Nagapur: Vaidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan; 2000; P. 89

4. Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Second Revised English edition. Delhi: The controller of publications civil lines. Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Government of India. Dept of ISM&H, Part-І, Rasa Yoga,2003;262

5. Yogaratnakara, Vaidyaprabha, first, Mutrakrichra chikitsa, verse 74-82. Varanasi, Krishnadas Academy 1998: p. 502

6. Lochan K, English translation on Bhaisajya Ratnavali of Shri Govinda Das. vol-2; 1 edition, Mutrakricchra: chapter 34, verse 47-55. Varanasi, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan, 2006: p. 467

7. Sharma H P, Rasayogasagara, (Hindi), edition 1, vol- 1, Varanasi; Chaukhambha Krishna Das Adadambi;1999: p. 429

8. Dhataram shreekrishnakala mayur on Bhruta Nighantu Ratnakar. Vol-5; Mutrakrichra Chikitsa: Pune, Shri Sanjay Bajaj for M/s Khemraj Shrikrishnadass Properties Shri Venkateshwar press, P. 762

9. Mishra S N, editor, Reprint edition:2021, Siddhiprada hindi commentary of siddhi nandan misra on rasaratna samuchchayah, chapter 13, Rakthapitta Kasa Hikka Chikitsa, verse 7-16. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia, 2021; P. 314-315

10. Achraya Y T, siddha yoga sangraha.11th ed, chapter 5 raktapitta adhikara, Nagapur: Vaidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan; 2000; P. 89


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11. Yogaratnakara, Vaidyaprabha, first, Daha chikitsa, verse 46-51. Varanasi, Krishnadas Academy 1998: p. 385

12. Mishra Siddhinandan, rasa Chintamani, first, chapter 11, verse 35-41. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia; 1990. 253

13. Babu R, Lavekar G S, padhi M M, editors, rasa chandanshu, Purvakhanda raktapittachiktsa, New Delhi: Kendriya Ayurveda Siddha Anusandhana Parishath; 2011: P. 211-212

14. Lochan K, English translation on Bhaisajya Ratnavali of Shri Govinda Das. vol-2; 1 edition, Mutrakricchra: chapter 34, verse 47-55. Varanasi, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan, 2006: p. 467

15. Angadi Ravindra, A text book of Rasasastra, revised edition Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2022: p.134

16. Puranik G.V Ayurvediya aushdhikarana, Mumbai, Chaukhambha Sanskrita Sansthana, 1994.2, 53 Rashtravaibhav press, 1954; 1(2): 248.

17. Angadi Ravindra, A text book of Rasasastra, chapter 18, revised edition Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2022: p. 350

18. Angadi Ravindra, A text book of Rasasastra, chapter 15, revised edition Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2022: p. 185

19. Angadi Ravindra, A text book of Rasasastra, chapter 21, revised edition Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2022: p. 498

20. Angadi Ravindra, A text book of Rasasastra, chapter 16, revised edition Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2022: p. 232

21. Angadi Ravindra, A text book of Rasasastra, chapter 17, revised edition Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2022: p. 298


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