A comprehensive drug review of Mushikavishari Agada on Mushika Visha as Vishagna

Poojitha Rangoli R; Shrinidhi R; Ranjana K; Chaithra S Hebbar

doi:10.21760/jaims.9.2.26

E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Mushikavishari Agada

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 2 February

Publisher

www.maharshicharaka.in

A comprehensive drug review of Mushikavishari Agada on Mushika Visha as Vishagna

Rangoli R P^1*, Shrinidhi R², Ranjana K³, S Hebbar C⁴

DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.2.26

^1* Poojitha Rangoli R, First Year Post Graduate Scholar, Department of P G Studies in Agadatantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

² Shrinidhi R, Associate Professor, Department of P G Studies in Agadatantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

³ Ranjana K, Assistant Professor, Department of P G Studies in Agadatantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

⁴ Chaithra S Hebbar, Professor and Head, Department of P G Studies in Agadatantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

Introduction: Mushika Visha is categorized under Jangama Visha, which is also known as Akhu Visha. Teeth bites, scratches caused by sharp nails, urine and semen all have toxic effects on the body and can cause symptoms. There are two types of symptoms, Curable and Incurable. There are many ways to treat Mushika Visha, with numerous combinations and single drugs. Materials and Method: A literary review to know the action of Mushikavishari Agada in Mushika Visha from contemporary texts. Observation: Considering twenty six drugs with its Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka, Karma and Doshagnata literature proves that individual drugs mentioned in this Mushikavishari Agada[4] formulation can be used in condition such as Pandu (Anaemia), Jwara (Fever), Daha (Burning sensation), Aruchi (Anorexia) and acts as Vishagna (Anti-poisonous). Result: By literary review it can be inferred that formulation Mushikavishari Agada consisting twenty-six drugs can counter the spread the toxin thus negating symptoms of Mushika Visha mentioned by Acharya Caraka. Conclusion: A literary review conclude that the formulation Mushikavishari Agada mentioned in Sushrutha Samhitha Kalpa Sthana can subside Mushika Visha and acts as Vishagna.

Keywords: Mushika Visha, Mushikavishari Agada, Anti-poisonous, Vishagna

Corresponding Author	How to Cite this Article	To Browse
Poojitha Rangoli R, First Year Post Graduate Scholar, Department of P G Studies in Agadatantra, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Udupi, Karnataka, India. Email:	Rangoli R P, Shrinidhi R, Ranjana K, S Hebbar C, A comprehensive drug review of Mushikavishari Agada on Mushika Visha as Vishagna. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(2):166-172. Available From https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2947

Manuscript Received	Review Round 1	Review Round 2	Review Round 3	Accepted
2023-12-15	2023-12-25	2024-01-05	2024-01-12	2024-01-19
Conflict of Interest	Funding	Ethical Approval	Plagiarism X-checker	Note
None declared	Nil	Yes	20.47

© 2024by Rangoli R P, Shrinidhi R, Ranjana K, S Hebbar Cand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(2)166

Download PDF Back To Article Introduction Aim and
Objective Materials and
Methods Literary Review Discussion Conclusion References

Poojitha Rangoli R. et al. A comprehensive drug review of Mushikavishari Agada

Introduction

Mushika Visha is classified under Jangama Visha^[1], also known as Akhu Visha. In modern science it can be correlated to Rat poisoning. Visha can enter body through Semen, Faeces, Urine, Scratches by nails and bites with teeth of Mushika.^[2] In Brihat Trayees^[1-3] reference related to types, signs, symptoms and treatment is available. There are eighteen types of Mushika according to Acharya Sushrutha^[5] and Sixteen verities according to Malayalam traditional book Prayoga Samuchaya.^[6] Considering the signs and symptoms Carakacharya classified under Asadhya / Incurable type and Sadhya / Curable type.^[3] According to signs and symptoms seen in a person if he is bitten by a Mushika of Sadhya type are Adamsha Shonita ( Exudation from bite site), Pandu (Anaemia), Mandalani (Circular Patches), Jwara (Fever), Aruchi (Anorexia), Loma Harsha (Horripilation), Daha (Burning Sensation) and Similar to Dooshivisha (Slow Poisoning).^[7]

Mushikavishari Agada^[4] one among the formulation explained in Sushrutha Samhitha contains twenty six drugs and can be used for treating Sadhya Lakshana^[7] of Mushika Visha. This formulation acts on varieties of Mushika mentioned in classics (Sarva Mushika Visha Hanti). This medication should be consumed with Madhu and Sharkara (Anupana), Hence the review study as under taken to highlight the Vishagna action of drugs mentioned in Mushikavishari Agada.

Aim and Objective

1. A literary review on twenty six drugs of Mushikavishari Agada^[4] as Vishagna.

2. To analyse Mushikavishari Agada^[4] for its effect on Sadhya Mushika Visha Lakshana.^[2]

Materials and Methods

A comprehensive literary review of Mushikavishari Agada^[4] in Mushika Visha from contemporary texts.

Literary Review

Review of twenty six drugs in Mushikavishari Agada.

Table 1: Drug profile of Mushikavishari Agada

SN	Drugs	Botanical Name	Family	Part Used
1.	Kushtha[8]	Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke	Asteraceae	Mula
2.	Maricha[9]	Piper nigrum Linn.	Piperaceae	Phala
3.	Shunti[10]	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Zingiberaceae	Kanda
4.	Pippali[11]	Piper longum Linn.	Piperaceae	Phala
5.	Darvi[12]	Berberis aristate Dc.	Berberidaceae	Mula Mulatwak
6.	Madhuka[13]	Madhuca indica	Sapotaceae	Puspa Beeja
7.	Saindava Lavana[14]	-	-	Rock salt
8.	Souvarchala Lavana[15]	-	-	Salt petre
9.	Malathi[16]	Jasminum grandiflorum Linn.	Oleaceae	Flower
10.	Nagapushpa[17]	Mesua ferrea	Clusiaceae	Keshara
11.	Kakoli[18]	Lilium polyphyllum D.Don	Liliaceae	Moola
12.	Ksheerakakoli[19]	Fritillaria roylei Hook.	Liliaceae	Bulb
13.	Jeevaka[20]	Microstylis muscifera	Orchidaceae	Bulb
14.	Rishabaka[21]	Microstylis wallichii	Orchidaceae	Bulb
15.	Mudgaparni[22]	Phaseolus trilobus Ait. Hort.	Pipilionaceae	Panchanga
16.	Mashaparni[23]	Teramnus labiatus Spreng. Syst.	Papilionaceae	Panchanga Mula
17.	Chinnaruha[24]	Tinospora cordifolia Miers	Menispermaceae	Kaanda
18.	Karkatakashringi[25]	Pistacia chinensis Burgo	Anacardiaceae	Gall
19.	Tugaksheeri[26]	Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.	Zingiberaceae	Kanda
20.	Padmaka[27]	Prunus cerasoidus Linn.	Rosaceae	Twak, Beeja, Majja
21.	Prapaundarika[28]	-	-	White lotus
22.	Jeevanti[29]	Leptadenia reticulata	Asclepiadaceae	Moola
23.	Maduka[30]	Glycyrrhiza glabra	Papilionaceaae	Moola Stolons
24.	Rudhi[31]	Herbenaria intermedia D.Don	Orchidaceae	Tuber
25.	Vriddhi[32]	Herbenaria edgeworthii Hool.f.ex Collett	Orchidaceae	Tuber
26.	Mrudhvika[33]	Vitis vinifera Linn.	Vitaceae	Phala

Signs and Symptoms/ Sadhya Lakshana of Mushika Visha

Signs

Adamsha Shonita (Exudation from bite site), Mandalani (Circular Patches), Loma Harsha (Horripilation), and Poisoning are similar to Dooshivisha (Slow Poisoning).

Symptoms

Jwara (Fever), Aruchi (Anorexia), Pandu (Anaemia) and Daha (Burning Sensation).

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Poojitha Rangoli R. et al. A comprehensive drug review of Mushikavishari Agada

Table 2: Ingredients of Mushikavishari Agada, Its Rasapanchaka, Doshagnata, and Karma according to Sadhya Lakshana (Symptoms) of Mushika Visha.

SN	Drugs	Rasa	Guna	Veerya Vipaka	Karma	Doshagnata
1.	Kushtha[8]	Tikta Katu Madhura	Laghu Ruksha Tikshna	Sheeta Katu	Vishagna	Kaphavata Shamaka
2.	Maricha[9]	Katu	Laghu Tikshna	Ushna Katu	Vishagna Ruchikaraka	Kaphavata Shamaka
3.	Shunti[10]	Katu	Laghu Snigdha	Ushna Madura	Aruchi Nashini	Vatakapha Hara
4.	Pippali[11]	Katu	Tikshna Laghu Snigdha	Ushna Madura	Jwarahari Aruchinut Pandunut	Kaphavata Shamaka
5.	Darvi[12]	Tikta	Ruksha Laghu	Katu Ushna	Vishagna	Pittakapha Shamaka
6.	Madhu[13]	Madhura	Guru	Sheeta Madhura	Dahahanti	Vatahara
7.	Saindava Lavana[14]	Lavana	Snigdha Laghu	Mridu Veerya	Ruchiprada	Tridosha Shamaka
8.	Souvarchala Lavana[15]	Lavana	Vishada	-	Ruchikaraka	Vata nasahana
9.	Malathi[16]	Tikta Kashaya	Laghu Snigdha Mridu	Katu Ushna	Vishagna	Tridosha shamaka
10.	Nagapushpa[17]	Kashaya Tikta	Ruksha Laghu	Ushna Katu	Jwaragna Vishagna	Kaphapitta shamaka
11.	Kakoli[18]	Madhura	Guru Sheeta	Sheeta Madhura	Jwaragna Dahashamaka	Vatapitta Shamaka
12.	Ksheerakakoli[19]	Madhura	Guru Snigdha	Sheeta Madhura	Dahagna, Jwaragna Rakthadosha	Vatapitta Shamaka
13.	Jivakah[20]	Madhura	Snigdha Picchila	Sheeta Madhura	Dahahara	Vatapitta Shamaka
14.	Rishabaka[21]	Madhura	-	Sheeta	Jwarahara Dahahara	Vatapitta Shamaka
15.	Mudgaparni[22]	Madhura	Laghu Ruksha	Sheeta Madhura	Jwarahara Dahahara	Tridosha Hara
16.	Mashaparn[23]	Madhura Tikta	Laghu Snigdha	Sheeta Madhura	Jwarahara Dahahara	Vatapitta shamaka
17.	Chinnaruha[24]	Tikta Kashaya	Guru Snigdha	Madhura Ushna	Jwarahara Dahahara Vishagna	Tridosha shamaka
18.	Karkatakashringi[25]	Kashaya Tikta	Guru	Ushna Katu	Rochaka Jwarahara	Kaphavata shamaka
19.	Tugaksheeri[26]	Madhura	Laghu Snigdha	Madhura Sheeta	Pandunuth Jwaraghna Dahashamaka	Vatapitta Shamaka
20.	Padmaka[27]	Kashaya Tikta	Laghu Snigdha	Katu Sheeta	Dahanashaka Jwaraghna Vishahara Ruchikara	Pitta kapha Shamaka
21.	Prapaundarika[28]	Madhura Tikta Kashaya	-	Sheeta Madhura	-	Kaphapitta shamaka
22.	Jeevanti[29]	Madhura	Laghu Snigdha	Sheeta Madhura	Daha prasshamana Jwaragna	Tridosha shamaka
23.	Maduka[30]	Madhura	Guru Snigdha	Sheeta Madhura	Vishagna Dahahara Ruchya	Vatapitta shamaka
24.	Riddhi[31]	Madhura	Guru Snigdha Picchila	Sheeta Madhura	Jwarahara	Vatapitta shamaka
25.	Vriddhi[32]	Madhura	Guru Sheeta	Sheeta Madhura	Dahahara Jwarahara	Vatapitta shamaka
26.	Mrudhvika[33]	Madhura	Snigdha Guru	Sheeta Madhura	Jwaragna Dahashamaka Ruchiprada	Vatapitta shamaka

Discussion

The most of the drug present in Mushikavishari Agada have Vishagna Property.

Rasa Panchaka of Mushikavishari Agada

Chart 1: Analysis of Rasa of ingredients in Mushikavishari Agada

Chart 2: Analysis of Guna of ingredients in Mushikavishari Agada

Chart 3: Analysis of Veerya of ingredients in Mushikavishari Agada

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Poojitha Rangoli R. et al. A comprehensive drug review of Mushikavishari Agada

Chart 4: Analysis of Vipaka of ingredients in Mushikavishari Agada

Chart 5: Analysis of Doshagnata of ingredients in Mushikavishari Agada

Chart 6: Analysis of Lakshanausara Rogagnatah Karma of ingredients in Mushikavishari Agada

According to Rasapanchaka of Mushikavishari Agada its probable mode of action is:

Mushikavishari Agada is mentioned in Sushrutha Samhitha Sarpadastavishachikitsita Kalpa Adhyaya

as Sarva Mushika Vishahara. On considering Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka, Karma and Doshagnatha:

Rasa Anusara [Chart 1] almost 40% of drugs have Madhura Rasa, 26% of drugs have Tikta Rasa, 18% of drugs have Kashaya Rasa, 11% of drugs have Katu Rasa and 5% of drugs have Lavana Rasa. Most of the drugs are Madhura, Tiktha, Kashaya and Katu Rasa acts as Vatapitta shamaka and Vishagna.

Guna Anusara [Chart-2] almost 29% of drugs have Snigdha Guna, 27% of drugs have Laghu Guna, 18% of drugs have Guru Guna, 8% of drugs have Ruksha Guna, 6% of drugs have Teekshna Guna, 4% of drugs have Sheeta and Picchila Guna, 2% of drugs have Mridu and Vishada Guna.

Veerya Anusara [Chart-3] almost 64% of drugs has Sheeta Veerya, 32% of drugs have Ushna Veerya and 4% of drugs have Mridu Veerya.

Vipaka Anusara [Chart-4] almost 70% of drugs has Madura Vipaka and 30% of drugs have Katu Vipaka.

Dosha Anusara [Chart-5] 39% of drugs acts as Vatapitta Shamaka, 19% of drugs acts as Tridosha Shamaka, 19% of drugs acts as Kaphavata Shamaka, 15% of drugs acts as Pittakapha Shamaka, 8% of drugs acts as Vata Shamaka.

Among symptoms Jwara (Fever), Aruchi (Anorexia), Pandu (Anaemia) and Daha (Burning Sensation). Karmagnatha Anusara [Chart-6] almost 28% of drug acts as Jwaragna, 27% of drug acts as Daha Shamaka, 17% of drug acts as Ruchikaraka / Aruchi Nashana, 6% of drug acts on Pandu Nashana, 13% of drug acts as Vishagna. Hence it proves that this formulation acts on Mushika Visha as symptomatical management.

While considering twenty six drugs with its Rasa [Chart-1], Guna [Chart-2], Veerya [Chart-3], Vipaka [Chart-4], Doshagnata [Chart-5] and Karma [Chart-6] came to know that single drugs mentioned in this formulation is used in condition such as Jwara (Fever), Daha (Burning sensation), Aruchi (Anorexia), Pandu (Anaemia),and this combination also acts as Vishagna.

Conclusion

In Sushrutha Samhitha^[3], Kalpa sthana there is contribution for Visha Chikitsa. In which various types of Visha (i.e., Jangama or Sthavara Visha) and its Lakshana, treatment procedure with

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Poojitha Rangoli R. et al. A comprehensive drug review of Mushikavishari Agada

formulation is explained. In Sarpadastavishachikitsita Kalpa Adyaya, A formulation consisting twenty six drug act as an anti-poisonous for Mushika Visha known as Mushikavishari Agada is mentioned. According to Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka, Doshagnata and Karma of drugs mentioned in Mushikavishari Agada Yoga acts on Sadhya Lakshana of Mushika Visha. In this formulation most of the drug are having Jwaragna, Dahagna, Ruchikara action, which helps in pacifying Jwara and Agnimandya disease and Maduka, Chinnaruha, Padmaka, Nagapushpa, Malathi, Darvi, Maricha, Kusta these eight drugs have Vishahara property that acts on Mushika Visha as Vishagna and other drugs helps to reduce the symptoms manifested by Mushika/Akhu.

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J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(2)171

Review Article

Mushikavishari Agada

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

A comprehensive drug review of Mushikavishari Agada on Mushika Visha as Vishagna

Rangoli R P1*, Shrinidhi R2, Ranjana K3, S Hebbar C4

Introduction

Aim and Objective

Materials and Methods

Literary Review

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Rangoli R P^1*, Shrinidhi R², Ranjana K³, S Hebbar C⁴