E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Role of Ayurveda

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 2 February
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Role of Ayurveda in Graceful Ageing w.s.r. to Dincharya, Ratricharya & Ritucharya

Maithani V1*, Gusain T2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.2.27

1* Varun Maithani, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Rachana Sharir, Institute for Ayurved Studies Research Faculty of Ayurveda Shri Krishna Ayush University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.

2 Tanvi Gusain, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Agada Tantra, Institute for Ayurved Studies Research Faculty of Ayurveda Shri Krishna Ayush University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.

Background: In present time, looking young is something which is needed by everyone. The beauty standards have been definitely increased which certainly only amount to external beauty. The market of the cosmetic industry has grown a lot in the past year because of the increased consumer which is definitely not gender oriented. Aim: To demonstrate the role of ayurveda with special reference to ageing. Objective: To study the importance of Dincharya, Ritucharya & Ratricharya. Material & methods: The material will be collected from the Bruhatrayee & Laghutrayeesamhita. And any scientific studies related with above will be obtained from the google scholar, pubmed or any other online source. Discussion: Acharya has mentioned the importance of Dincharya, Ritucharya in the Samhitas. There is a specific criterion which is to be followed in accordance to Dincharya, Ritucharya & Ratricharya because of the distribution of Tridoshas accordingly. Conclusion: Looking young with great skin even at old age doesn’t define being young. People need to change their perspective on how they look at ageing. And that’s where the regime of ayurveda can help in ageing gracefully the one where everyone is disease free physically, mentally & emotionally and cover all the aspect of being ‘Swastha’. Only healthy eating doesn’t define our health. There are other factors described well in the ayurveda to create a balance in Dosha. Dincharya, Ratricharya & Ritucharya play an important role in maintaining Swasthya by controlling the external factors which are equally important for internal dosha balance & thus longevity in long run.

Keywords: Ageing, Ayurveda, Dincharya, Ritucharya

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Varun Maithani, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Rachana Sharir, Institute for Ayurved Studies Research Faculty of Ayurveda Shri Krishna Ayush University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.
Email: 		Maithani V, Gusain T, Role of Ayurveda in Graceful Ageing w.s.r. to Dincharya, Ratricharya & Ritucharya. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(2):173-181.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2984

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-12-25 2024-01-05 2024-01-15 2024-01-25 2024-01-31
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None declared Nil Yes 21.45

© 2024by Maithani V, Gusain Tand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

Acharya Sushrut & Charaka has mentioned Jara (ageing) under the category of Swabhavik & Kalaj Roga i.e., Jara is something which will naturally come at a time and cannot be avoided. Therefore, what is left is to age graciously with time by following the steps of science of life i.e., though Ayurvedic principles.

Aging can be defined as the time-related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility. The characteristics of aging - as distinguished from diseases of aging (such as cancer and heart disease) - affect all the individuals of a species.[1]

At the biological level, ageing results from the impact of the accumulation of a wide variety of molecular and cellular damage over time. This leads to a gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity, a growing risk of disease and ultimately death.[2]

Common conditions in older age include hearing loss, cataracts and refractive errors, back and neck pain and osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, depression and dementia. As people age, they are more likely to experience several conditions at the same time.[3]

Older age is also characterized by the emergence of several complex health states commonly called geriatric syndromes. They are often the consequence of multiple underlying factors and include frailty, urinary incontinence, falls, and delirium and pressure ulcers.[4]

A longer life brings with it opportunities, not only for older people and their families, but also for societies as a whole. Yet the extent of these opportunities and contributions depends heavily on one factor: health.

Materials and Methods

Ayurvedic text was collected mostly from Bruhatrayee & Laghutrayee. For Dincharya, Charaka Samhita & Ashtanga Hrudaya were referred. Ritucharya was obtained from the Charaka Samhita in Sutrasthana. For concepts of ageing in Ayurveda, google search was done with topics like ‘ageing & Ritucharya’, ‘ageing & Dincharya’ or ‘role of Ayurveda in ageing’.

Role of Ayurveda

There is a reason why Ayurveda is called the science of life. Ayurveda is a combination of two words Ayu & Veda. It is a text which helps us in guiding about the knowledge of Ayu. It answers all the questions related to Ayu using terms Sukha, Asukha, Hita, Ahita, Pramana, Apramana. Through this text of Ayurveda, knowledge of Ayushya or Anayushya Dravya, Guna, Karma is obtained. And the whole text is about the things which can be beneficial or malefic.[5]

We know we are going to age somehow eventually, and need to understand simple daily life which can be approached to avoid diseased filled ageing without being accustomed to diseases.

Dincharya

Dincharya basically is a daily regime that needs to be followed in everyday life to keep the diseases at bay and build a good immunity factor with time. A day is started with waking up in the Brahamuhurat which Acharya Vaghbhat has told.[6] Brahamhurat is the time period of 48 minutes before sunrise. After that there are various ‘Karma’ such as Mala-Utsarga, Dhatun, Gandush, Nsaya, Abhyanga, Dhoompan etc. as mentioned in table no. 1.

Table 1. Benefits of following Dincharya

SNDincharyaAstanga HrudayaCharaka Samhita
1.Bhram Muhurta[7]Raksartham AyushyaN.A
2.Mala Utsarga[8]--
3.Danta PavanamN.ANihanti Gandham Vairasy Jivaha Danta Malam, Ruchi, Dant Visodhanam[9]
4.Jivaha NirlekhanamN.AJivaha Moolgat Malam Ucchvasa Avarodhi Durgandham Jivaha Nirlekeht[10]
5.AnjanamSauvira Ajnam Nittyam Hittam Akshno[11]Sauvira Ajnam Nittyam Hittam Akshno.[12]
6.NavanN.APrevents Chakshu, Nasa & Karna, Shveta-Kapila of Shamshru & Kesha, Kesha Prapatan. Manyastambha, Shitra Shola Ardit, Hanusamgraha, Peenasa, Ardhavabhedaka, Sira Kampa, Prasanna Mukha, Snigdha Swara[13]
7.DhoompanN.APrevents Shirasa Gauravam- Shoolam, Peenasa, Ardhavabhedak, Karna-Akshi Shola, Kasa, Hikka, Kshvasa, Galagraha, Dantadaurbalaya, Kshotra, Ghrana, Akshi Doshaj Strava, Putigrahana Gandha, Dantashoola, Arochak, Hanu-Manyagraha, Kandu, Krumiroga, Mukha Pandu Kshleshma Praseka, Vaiswarya, Galashundi-Upjivihika, Khalitya, Pinjara & Kesha Patanam, Shotha, Atitandra, Budhi-Moha Atinidra.[14]

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SNDincharyaAstanga HrudayaCharaka Samhita
8.GandushN.AHanu-Bala, Swara-Bala, Vadan Upchaya, Rasagyan, Ruchi, Mukha & Kantha Shosha, Ostha Sfutan, Dant-Kshaya, Dantharsha Doesn’t Occur[15]
9.Tambool SevanVaishdya-Ruchi-Saugandhya[16]
10.AbhayangaJara-Kshram-Vataha, Drishti Prasada, Pusta Ayu, Svapn-Sutwak[17]Susparash, Upachita Aang, Balvaan, Priya Darshan, Alpa Jara[18]
11VyayamLaghavam, Karma Samarthayam, Dipto Agni, Meda Kshaya[19]Laghavam, Karma Samarthyam, Sthairya, Dosha Kshay, Agni Virdhi[20]
12.UdwartanKaphhar, Meda Vilayan, Sthiranga, Tvak Prasadkaram[21]N.A
13.SnanaDipanam,Vrushyam,Ayushya, Urja-Balapradam,Kandu-Mala-Kshrama-Sveda-Tandra-Trushna-Daha-Papamajita[22]Pavitram, Virsyam, Ayusyam, Saram Sveda Mala Aapham, Sharer Bala Sandhan, Ojaskaram Param.[23]
14.Sada Shira Tail DharanaN.AShira-Shoola, Khalitya, Palitya, Kesha Prapatan, Doesn’t Occur, Nidra Labha.[24]
15.Karna Taila DharanaN.AVatjanya, Karna Roga, Manyastambha, Hanustambha, Ucchaishrutina, Badhirya Doesn’t Occur[25]
16.Nirmalambar DharanN.A.Kamya, Yash, Ayushya, Alakshmighanam, Harshnam, Shrimadparishadam[26]
17.Sugandh Lepa & Mala DharanN.A.Vrushya, Saugandh Ayushya, Kamya, Pushtibala, Saumanasya Alakshmighanm[27]
18.Ratna- Abhushan DharanN.A.Dhanya, Mangalya, Ayushya, Harshanam, Kamya, Ojasya[28]
19Pada & Mala Marga ShuddhiN.AMedhya, Pavitra, Vrushya, Ayushya, Alakshmi & Kalinshnam[29]
20.Kshaur KarmaN.APaushtik, Vrushya, Ayushya, Shuchi[30]
21.Padatra DharanN.AChakshushya, Balya Parikrama Sukham, Vrushya[31]
22.Chatra DharanaN.AIte Prashaman, Balya, Gupta Avarana, Shankaram, Gharma-Anil-Rajo-Ambughnam[32]
23.Danda DharanaN.AAvasthambhan, Ayushya, Bhayaghna[33]

Ratricharya

Ratricharya is the regime which we need to follow at night. It plays equal role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. All is well that ends well clearly state the reason why we should end our day with discipline as mentioned in table 2 as per Acharya's.

Table 2: Ratricharya

SushurtaAshtanga Samgraha[35]Bhavprakash
After meals one should sit comfortably like a king until the heaviness and discomfort of food is relieved; then walk for 100 steps and should lie down on bed by left side.[34]One should sleep after taking light and wholesome food with peaceful, fair minded and having accounted entire activities of the day and after offering prayers to the God in his own bed. Light, nutritious and wholesome food particularly in early part of night will facilitate easy digestion and keep gastro intestinal tract unloaded.
The sleeping place should be spacious in length and breadth, furnished with suitable pillows which is soft, even and comfortable. The cot which is to be for lying down should possess the height up to the knee and well covered with soft mattresses. The head should face towards east or south direction and legs should not be stretched towards teachers or elders.
Paniprakshalana - one should thoroughly wash his hands until the food particles are completely washed off the hands.
Dantashodhana - the teeth should be cleansed by brushing; the food particles residing in between the teeth should be removed with toothpicks; if any sticking is there, gargle then mouth to remove the coating, smell and greasiness.
Netrasparshana - one should touch the eyes with the moist finger tips after hand washing. Tamboolasevana - one should make the mouth clean and pleasant by chewing betel leaves.
Dhoomapana - one should inhale medicated smoke to remove upward accumulation of kapha.
Gamana - Before going to bed one should walk for Paadashata Matra (100 steps)
Samveshana - After Gamana one should sleep on left lateral position		According to Bhavaprakasha, after having food one should do Achamana, remove the remnants of food particles residing between the teeth with tooth pick.[36]
One should take dinner during the first part (Prathamaprahara - 3 hours) of night and it should be lesser in quantity in comparison to day time but it should not be heavy and troublesome in digestion. After food, hands should be washed well with water and the eyes should be touched with moist hands, this will cure blindness quickly.[37]

Ritucharya

In the beginning of Visarga Kala and ending of Adana Kala, that is, during Varsha and Grishma, there is depletion in the ‘Bala’. In the middle of the


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solstices, that is, during Sharad and Vasanta, ‘Bala’ remains in moderate and in the end of Visarga Kala and in the beginning of Adana Kala, that is, during Hemanta and Shishira, maximum ‘Bala’ is seen.[38]

Table 3: Ritucharya

RituAaharVihara
Hemant[39]Do - Amla, Lavana, Madhura, Guru and Snigdha Dravya, New rice and Wheat, Fats and Oils, Black Gram and its products, Milk and its products, Sugarcane products, Warm Water, Honey, Anupa (animals of marshy land) and Audaka (aquatic animals) Mansa, Liquor.
Don’t - Laghu and Vatala Dravya, Pramitahara, Udmantha		Do - Protection from cold by warm cloths and beddings, Living in warm house, Regular use of shoes, Bathing with warm water, Abhyanga, Utsadana, Vyayama, Atapa Sevana, Maithuna.
Don’t - Diwaswapna, Direct Air.
Shishir[40]Do - similar to Hemanta Ritucharya
Don’t - Avoid Katu, Tikta, Kashaya, Laghu, Sheeta and Vatala Dravya.		Specially live in warmer house and protect from direct air.
Basant[41]Do - Katu, Tikta and Kashaya Dravya, Ruksa, Laghu and Ushna Dravya; Old Wheat, Rice and Barley; Water medicated with Ginger, Khadira, Musta and Honey; Jangala Mansa, Liquor.
Don’t - Madhura, Amla, Guru, Snigdha and Sheeta Dravya, Curd.		Do - Kavala dharana, Anjana, Dhumpana, Vyayama, Udvartana, Chandan and Agaru Lepa, Maithuna, Vamana & Nasya
Don’t - Direct sunlight, Diwaswapna, Sleeping under Dew
Grishma[42]Do - Madhura, Drava, Sheeta, Laghu and Snigdha Dravya, Mantha with Sugar, Ghee, Milk, Shali Rice, Jangala Mansa (meat of terrestrial animals).
Don’t - Lavana, Amla, Katu and Ushna Dravya, Curd, Liquor.		Do - Diwaswapna, Living and sleeping in cold place, Protection from heat, bathing with cold water, Chandan Lepa, Wearing of light clothes.
Don’t - Vyayama, Atapa Sevana, Maithuna.
Varsha[43]Do - Madhura, Amla, Lavana, Snigdha and Ushna Dravya, Old Wheat, Rice and Barley, Yusa, Food with Honey, Boiled & cooled Water, Jangala Mansa, Liquor.
Don’t - Ushna and Ati-Drava Dravya, Udmantha, River water		Do - Living in dry place, Wearing of light clothes, Pragharshan, Udvartana, Vasti, Virechana, Vamana, Use of flowers and perfume.
Don’t - Diwaswapna, Vyayama, Living under dew, Eastern wind, Excessive Sunlight exposure, Maithuna
Sharad[44]Do - Madhura, Tikta and Kasaya Dravya, Laghu, Ruksa and Sheeta Dravya Wheat, Rice, Barley and Mudga, Milk, Sugar and Sugarcane, Tikta Sarpi, River water, Hansodak, Jangal Mansa.
Don’t - Amla, Katu, Tikshna and Ushna Dravya, Kshara, Oils and Fat, Curd, Ginger, Anupa and Aaudak Mansa, Liquor		Do - Virechana, Raktamokshana, Living under Moon light, Wearing of flowers, pearls, clean cloths.
Don’t - Diwaswapna, Vyayama, Eastern wind, Living in dew, Atapa Sevana.

This was the method that the ancient sages set up for various seasons based on analytical reasoning to obtain Swastha (health) and prevent the diseases.

A human clinical study was carried out by Mallika et al. to assess the biophysical and biochemical changes occurring due to Ritusandhi. Clinical study shows provocation of Tridosha with the dominance of Vata and Kapha provocation. In this study during Ritusandhi frequently, Jwara, Pratishyaya, and Alasya Lakshnas were met with in the same way to adapt the changes between two seasons, Ritusandhi is mentioned by Vagbhata. According to Vagbhata, time of seven days at the end and commencement season is known as Ritusandhi. During this period regimen of previous season should be discontinued gradually and that of subsequent season should be adopted gradually i.e., diet and regimen of previous Ritu, which have become accustomed should be discontinued by quarter and quarter, similarly diet and lifestyle of incoming Ritu should be made use of (gradually) with intervals of one, two or three days.[45]

But with the knowledge of Ritucharya we can surely avoid these by practicing regimen in accordance with the Ritu to maintain the harmony of the Tridosha and to stay healthy ever.

The do’s and don’ts according to different Ritu is mentioned in table no. 3.

Discussion

To maintain internal well-being, we need to focus on the type of Prakiti, along with Aahar which is a very well-established fact. Ayurveda is already the science of life. The role of Ayurveda in preventing ageing is well understood through the terms of Aahra, Vihara, Nidra, Abhyanga, Panchakarma etc.

Whereas for external well-being we are required to understand and focus on our Dincharya, Ratricharya & Ritucharya. Starting with Dincharya, waking up in Brahama Muhurata is Ayusshya. Similarly other routines such as Nasya, Anjana, Dhoompan, Gandush etc, help in preventing various diseases of body. Snan, Nirmal Ambardharan, Sugandh Lepa & Mala Dharan, Ratna-Abhushan Dharan, Pada & Mala Marga Shuddhi, Kshaur Karma are Ayushya for an individual.

In Ayurveda, the knowledge of Ritucharya is a firsthand guide to the concept of Kriya-Kala, which describes the modes and stages of the development of diseases, with regard to the state of different Doshas - Vatu, Pitta, and Kapha in accordance with the changes of time. A good understanding of it is


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very much essential for early diagnosis and prognosis for adopting preventive and curative measures.

A brief Samprapti of how Dincharya, Ratricharya & Ritucharya could help in preventing ageing and maintaining health can be seen in flowchart 1.

jaims_2984_01.JPG
Flowchart 1: Preventing ageing through Dincharya, Ratricharya & Ritucharya

Conclusion

There is a difference between living and living a healthy life which has been beautifully explained in Ayurved. Ayurveda itself signifies the word Ayu which is used for life. The way we can embed the concepts of Ayurveda in our life could be understood through external & internal well-being. We human beings thrive in an environment. So, it’s important for our internal body to adjust according to external environment. It teaches us that we are not single entity but rather part of ecosystem.

It’s been pretty much proved through researches that not following a daily healthy regime give rise to various Vyadhi’s. At opd levels along with Shaman & Shaman Shodhan therapies, there need to be a focus on Aahar & Vihar of a person. Following the Ayurveda regime we are uninviting the ‘Kha’ Vaigunya from entering the Strotas & stopping the Vyadhi Utpatti at first “Kriya Kaal”, thus living healthy a little longer. We realise that following these regimes is useful to delay aging by adjusting to changes that occur through the year & a day.

Also, there is increment in seasonal diseases which can be avoided by following the Dincharya, Ratricharya & Ritucharya by strengthening the immunity.

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37. Chunekar K.C., commentary on Bhavaprakasa Nighantu; chapter 5, verse 157 Chaukhamba orientalia 2015 pg 81

38. Pt. Kashinath Pandeya & Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, hindi commentary on Charaka Samhita, tasyashitiya Adhyaya, Chapter 6 verse 7 Chaukhambha Sanskrita Sansthana 2023 p. 121

39. Pt. Kashinath Pandeya & Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, hindi commentary on Charaka Samhita, tasyashitiya Adhyaya, Chapter 6 verse 11-18 Chaukhambha Sanskrita Sansthana 2023 p. 123

40. Pt. Kashinath Pandeya & Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, hindi commentary on Charaka Samhita, tasyashitiya Adhyaya, Chapter 6 verse 19-21Chaukhambha Sanskrita Sansthana 2023 p. 124

41. Pt. Kashinath Pandeya & Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, hindi commentary on Charaka Samhita, tasyashitiya Adhyaya, Chapter 6 verse 22-26 Chaukhambha Sanskrita Sansthana 2023 p. 124

42. Pt. Kashinath Pandeya & Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, hindi commentary on Charaka Samhita, tasyashitiya Adhyaya, Chapter 6 verse 27-32 Chaukhambha Sanskrita Sansthana 2023 p. 125

43. Pt. Kashinath Pandeya & Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, hindi commentary on Charaka Samhita, tasyashitiya Adhyaya, Chapter 6 verse 33-40 Chaukhambha Sanskrita Sansthana 2023 p. 126

44. Pt. Kashinath Pandeya & Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, hindi commentary on Charaka Samhita, tasyashitiya Adhyaya, Chapter 6 verse 41-45 Chaukhambha Sanskrita Sansthana 2023 p. 121

45. Kaviraj Atrideva Gupta, ‘Vidyotini’ hindi commentary, Asthtang Hridaya Sutrasthana; ritucharya adhyaya Chapter 3 verse 58 Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, p.42.


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(2)179