E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Evaluation of Rukshana Karma

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 4 April
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

A comprehensive evaluation of Rukshana Karma in clinical utility - A Review Article

Ketkar R1*, IB Kotturshetti2, Davalbhai S3
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.4.36

1* Radhika Ketkar, Associate Professor, Department of Panchakarma, Sbg Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

2 IB Kotturshetti, Professor Principal, RGE’s Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital and Post Graduation Research Centre, Ron, Karnataka, India.

3 Samiuzzama Davalbhai, Assisstant Professor, Department of Panchakarma, SBG Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

Acharya Charaka presented six unique approaches to therapy known as Shadvidhopakramas.
Rukshana is one among them. The term 'Upakrama' has multiple meanings, including planning, starting, remedy, and preparation. Upakrama is the process of planning and implementing an appropriate therapy modality. The word meaning of Rukshana is “The quality that is devoid of Snigdhata”. The drugs or the Procedures which induce Kharatva in the body are called Rukshana. These properties make Rukshana an important principle in the treatment of Santarpana Janya, Kapha Meda Pradhana Vadhis. It also plays a major role in controlling Kleda and treating Aama Dosha. Rukshana can be advised either internally in the form of Kashaya, Takra, Arishta Pana or externally as Udvartana, Ruksha Sweda.

Keywords: Rukshana, Apatarpana, Upakrama, Shadvidhopakrama, Langhana, Ayurveda

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Radhika Ketkar, Associate Professor, Department of Panchakarma, Sbg Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Ketkar R, IB Kotturshetti, Davalbhai S, A comprehensive evaluation of Rukshana Karma in clinical utility - A Review Article. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(4):224-230.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3128

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-02-14 2024-02-24 2024-03-04 2024-03-14 2024-03-23
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None Nil Yes 19.54

© 2024by Ketkar R, IB Kotturshetti, Davalbhai Sand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

As a science of life, Ayurveda not only attempts to treat illnesses but also places a strong focus on leading a disease-free life by preventing illnesses from manifesting. Detailed explanations of Shadvidhopakramas were given by Acharyas in order to cure ailments and promote health. One of the widely used Upakramas among Ayurvedic doctors is Rukshana.[1] It is an efficient and safe method that is employed in Chikitsa for both Antahparimarjana (internal purification) and Bahirparimarjana (external purifications). Acharya Vagbhata has divided the six Upakramas into just two primary headings for explanation. First, Bramhana; second, Langhana.[2] All six Upakramas are contained within them. Since the remaining four Upakramas (Langhana and Brumhana) are just intended to serve these two purposes, none of the therapy techniques are distinct from these two.[3]

Nirukti (definition)

Shabdakalpadruma states that Rooksha is Aprema, Achikiwana. Ruksha is the characteristic that lacks stickiness.[4] Another interpretation is Snehashoonye that is, lacking Sneha or not having Sneha.

Rukshana Dravya's Gunas

Rukshana in nature are the Dravyas possessing Ruksha, Laghu, Khara, Ushna, Sthira, and Apicchila properties.[5]

Rukshana Dravyas's Karmukata

As mentioned before, Rukshana Dravyas possess attributes like Laghu, Ushna, Sthira, Ruksha, Kathina, and so on. The next table lists the Pancha Mahabhoutikata,[6] Pramukha Karma (key functions), and medicinal effects of these attributes.

Table 1: Key Roles of Ruksha Dravyas and Panchabhoutikata

GunaPancha MahabhutaPramukha KarmaTherapeutic Action
RoookshaPrithwi, Akasha, AgniShoshanaKapha Vatahara
KharaPrithwi, Vayu, AgniLekhanaKapha Vatahara
LaghuVayu, Aksha, AgniLaghutaKapha Vatahara
KathinaPrithwiDridhikaranaVatakara
TeekshnaAgniShodhanaPittakara, Kapha Vatahara
SthiraPrithwi, Vayu, Akasha, AgniKshalanaVatahara
UshnaAgniPachanaPittakara-Vata Kaphahara

Rukshaniya Rasa

Among the six Rasa, Rukshana is mostly played by Kashaya, Katu, and Tikta Rasa. Out of these three Rasas, Kashaya Rasa is considered the best Rukshaka, Tikta the least, and Katu Rasa the average Ruksha.[7]

Ahara and Vihara having Rukshana properties

Ahara: Yava, Pinyaka, Sarshapa, Madhu (honey), Takra (butter milk), etc.

Vihara: Nitya Sevana Madhya, Vyayama, Vyavaya, Shokha, Chinta, etc.[8]

In addition to Triphala, Shunti, Maricha, Pippalimula, Chitraka, Jiraka, Shatapuspa, Kutaja, Shigru, Shonyaka, Bilwa, Ela, Kirataka, Chandana, Katuka, Vidanga, and so on are other Dravyas with Ruksha Guna. Acharya Charaka states that Uddalakanna is the Aghraya (best) Dravya for Rukshana.[9]

As Rukshana Dravya Yavagu

Among the 28 varieties of Yavagu Kalpanas that Charaka described are those of Rukshanartha Yavagu. For those who are suitable for Rukshana, this Yavagu will be beneficial.

Amalaki and Krusha plant roots are used to make the decoction (Kwatha). It is mixed with Shyamaka, a type of rice grain, and then cooked. The Yavagu in concern is Rukshana.[10]

Rukshana, performed by Lekhaniya Mahakashaya

50 Mahakashayas were thoroughly discussed by Acharya Charaka in the fourth chapter of Sutra Sthana. Lekhaniya Mahakashayas can be taken into consideration among those Mahakshayas because Lekhana and Rukshana Dravyas share comparable traits.[11] Thus, the ten medications covered by Lekhaniya Mahakashaya viz Musta, Kushta, Haridra, Vacha, Ativisha, Katurohini, Chitraka, Karanja, and Hemavati can be utilized for Rukshana.

Rukshana Yogya

Individuals afflicted with illnesses marked by Srotas blockage. Dominant role of highly exacerbated Doshas. Rukshana should also be used to cure illnesses affecting Marma Sthana (vital parts), those with Urusthambha Vyadhi, and illnesses like Adhyavata and Prameha.[12] Additionally, Rukshana


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Karma alone should be used as the initial form of treatment for a person whose body has a high level (Prachura Matra) of Dosha Sanchaya. When treating ailments like Aamavata, Shvasa, Pratishyaya, Pidaka, Kota, Kandu, Kushta, Arohaka, Tandra, Pandu, Klaibya, Ati Sthoulya, Alasya, Gurugatrata, Shopha, etc., Rukshana is an excellent therapy option. Rukshana is the primary treatment for all cases with Kleda dominating disorder.

Ayoga Atiyoga and Samyak Yoga of Rukshana

The Ayoga Atiyogadi Lakshanas that are described for Langhana should also be taken into account for Rukshana.[13] Thus, the signs of Ayoga are as follows: Ayoga of Shodhana occurs; No alleviation from the illness treated by Upakrama; and an increase in symptoms (Roga Vriddhi). The following symptoms of Ati-Rukshana: bradycardia, emaciation of the body, diminished ability to digest food, anorexia, thirst, weakness of the ears and eyes (impairment of the power of hearing and sight), pain in the extremities, cough, dry mouth, loss of appetite, and loss of strength.[14]

In contrast, the Samyak Yoga of Rukshana emphasizes the following: eructation, mouth, and throat purity; appropriate elimination of flatus, urine, and feces; Gatra Laghuta (body lightness); Tandra and Klama Nasha (disappearance of fatigue and exertion); and appearance of perspiration. There seems to be an interest in food, and there is an increase in thirst, hunger, and contentment.[15]

Rukshana administration methodology

There are two ways to incorporate Rukshana into the body.

1. Abhyantara (Internal)

2. Bahya (External)

Abhyantara Prayoga

Internal therapies such as Ushnajala-Paana and Kashaya-Paana, such as Amrutottara Kashaya and Nimbadi Kashaya, are known to induce Rukshana within the body. Arishtas such as Takrarista, Abhayarista, and so on. Churna Kalpanas include Sudarshana, Panchakola, Vaiswanara, Ajamodadi, Shaddharana, Triphala Churna, and others.

Bahya Rukshana: external treatments such as Atapa, Valuka, Lepas, and Udwartana.

Udvartana as Rukshana

Undertaking reinforced body rubbing with a Churna is referred to as Udwartana. It produces a liquification of Medas, pacifies the Kapha Dosha, and gives the body's parts strength, stability, and compactness.[16] It is a variant of Rukshana Kriya that is more concentrated in Medo Dhatu and Twak. In Udwartana, Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Rasa, and Ushna, Ruksha Guna Dravyas are helpful.

Swedana as Rukshana

Swedana is a therapeutic method in which the body or specific body areas are heated by heated medications or by applying heat and warmth in the form of steam. Ayurvedic writings explain ten varieties of Niragni Sweda and roughly thirteen types of Sagni Sweda.[17]

Once more, there are two ways to perform Swedana: Ruksha Sweda and Snigdha Sweda. One could interpret Sagni Sweda as Rukshana Chikitsa.

When pain and related symptoms stem from Aama or Kapha (morbid Kapha), dry fomentation or Ruksha Sweda are typically the preferred treatments.

Valmika Mrttika Utsasadana

Bricks, ant-hill soil, and the fruits, roots, and bark of the Karanja tree (Pongamia pinnata) are all ground into powder. This is widely used for Utsadana, or dry rubbing.

Valuka Sweda

In addition to being a Ruksha Sweda, Valuka uses sand to fomentate sore areas. Particularly in conditions like Medoroga, Urustambha, Amavata, etc.

Other Rukshana Karmas that include

Ishtika Choorna Swedana:

Similar to Valuka Sweda, Ishtika Choorna (brick powder) is utilized for Swedana.

Employing Rukshana as the primary treatment option for various ailments

Sthoulya

Obesity, or Sthoulya, has become a major global health concern. Vata's path will be obstructed in Sthoulya Roga by morbid Medo Dhatu. Vata


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hence causes Agni Dushti by moving abundantly in Koshta. Dushti of Medovaha Srotas, who together with Mamsa Dhatu, leads to Ati Vruddhi of Medo-Dhatu.[18] The person develops pendulous breasts, abdomen, and buttocks. He experiences low energy and a slow metabolism.[19] The blockage in Medovaha Srotas is removed by Rukshana Dravyas because of their Rukshadi Gunas, which aid in the liquefaction and removal of the stagnant sick components. Additionally, Rukshana aids in the relief of stiffness and other symptoms brought on by an excessive buildup of fat.

Amavata

When Rasa (Apakwa Annarasa) is formed improperly due to poor digestive fire, it is referred to as Aama.[20] It makes its home in Urdhwa Amashaya. Anamavata is the state in which vitiated Vata and this Aama Dosha combine to cause stiffness in the joints. It is horrible and very hard to treat. Langhana will help if the client has both Alpa Bala and Alpa Dosha. Pachana of Amadosha is the result. The next treatment for recently developed diseases is Ruksha Sweda, which aids in the liquefaction of Aama and relieves stiffness. To deal with vitiated Aama and Kapha Dosha, Dipana and Pachana Dravyas are prescribed. Ruksha Bastis, Ruksha Paana, Atapa Swedana, Ruksha Virechana, can also be employed in accordance with the condition's desire. After completing the Aama Pachana, Vata can be treated with Snehana Karma.[21]

Urusthambha

The condition Urusthambha affects the thighs, and Panchakarma treatments were discouraged by Acharya Charaka.[22] Since the Doshas (Aama, Kapha, and Medas) are settled in Uru-Pradesha, Vamana and Virechana are also useless because Snehana and Basti raise the Kapha Dosha. Shamana, Shoshana, Kshapana, and Rukshana are hence more beneficial in Urusthambha than other Panchakarmas. The doctor should always offer the proper Rukshana therapies for their Kshapana (full extraction) and Shoshana (absorption / drying of the liquid portion) as Kapha, Vata, and Aama are predominant in the pathophysiology of Urustambha. Similar to Amavata, therapies like Valuka Sweda are quite successful in managing Urustambha. Urustambha is cured by administering Ruksha Paana, such as Kshara Pana (alkali preparations), Arista-Pana, Haritaki when honey is added, and Pippali.[23]

Application of Rukshana in Kaphavruta Vata and Medasavruta Vata

Symptoms of Medasavrutta Vata and Kaphavruta include pain, heaviness, and a feeling of coldness throughout the body. By taking Katu, Ushna, Dravyas, engaging in Langhana, Aayasa, Ruksha-Vihara, and remaining in a heated room (Ushna Kamita), among other things, the patient feels better.[24]

Rukshana Chikitsa, such as Jangala Aahara, Tikshna Swedana, Niruha Basti, Vamana, and Virechana, among others, are therefore helpful in this situation.

Rukshana's significance in Shodhana

According to Astanga Hrudhyakara, Rukshana Karma should be done first, followed by Snehana, in the case of fat people, those with high levels of Kapha vitiation, and those with irregular digestive fire.[25] These people won't become sick from illnesses brought on by an overabundance of Snehana. When Sneha is taken in this manner, it helps the body release the Doshas more easily and does not build up within the body. When undergoing operations like Sneha-Pana, we frequently encounter Vyapats, or difficulties. It can be the result of incorrect administration or a failure to follow protocol. Rukshana can be employed successfully in these circumstances, particularly in Sneha Vyapats.[26]

Ruksha Virechana

Ruksha Guna Pradhana Dravyas is used to complete Ruksha Virechana. Sushruta states that Ruksha Virechana is used to heal individuals with Snigdha Shareera, or bodies with aggravated Doshas.[28] Acharya Charaka holds the same opinions.[29] The Sushruta Samhita lists the following as indications for Ruksha Virechana: Visarpa, Pidika, Shotha, Kamala, Pandu, Abhighata, and Visha, among others.[30]

Ruksha Basti

The primary goal of Ruksha Basti is to introduce Snehabhava, who is helpful in numerous Santarpana-janya Vikaras. In Sharangadhara Samhita's Niruha Basti Vidhi Adhyaya, He described different Basti combinations for the Rukshana effect. Let's take Lekhana Basti, Triphala Kwatha, Gomutra, Madhu, Kshara, Ushakadi Gana Dravyas, and consider them Prakshepaka. It's a fantastic combination for Rukshana's needs.[27]


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Ruksha Nasya

Nasya was primarily divided into two categories by Acharya Kashyapa: Shodhana Nasya and Pooranana Nasya. Dravyas with Karshana qualities are a part of Shodhana Nasya. Prithvi, Vayu, and Agni Mahabhoota Pradhanata are their primary offerings. In the Urdhwa-Jatrugata region, this functions as Shodhana and brings Rukshana, thereby calming diseases associated with Kapha.[31] Based on the doctor's Yukti, Rukshana Karma can be used for a variety of additional diseases in addition to these Shodhana treatments.

Rukshana in daily practice (Dinacharya)

Exercises like Vyayama, Udvartana, Taamboola Sevana, Dhumapana, and others that are done on a regular basis are also included in Rukshana alone.[32] In Dakshinayana, Rukshana is ideal and is attained by Ahara and Vihara possessing Ruksha Guna. Rukshana is attained by Dravyas such as Udvartanan, Vyayama, Madhu, Madhya, Aristha, and Yava.[33]

Discussion

Qualities like Ruksha, Lagu, Khara, Teekshna, Ushana, Sthira, Apicchila, and Kathina are possessed by Rukshana Dravyas. Every one of them has a unique significance in the course of treatment.[35] They all play important roles; Ruksha Guna, for example, fulfills Shoshana of Dragamsha in Shareera. It reduces Varna (complexion) and Bala (strength), and makes Dhatus dry. The body feels lighter after taking Laghu Guna. It exhausts the Dhatus, resulting in the body's Krushata. Agnideepaka is Laghu Guna. The scraping activity is the responsibility of Lekhana Guna. Mala Shodhana and Dhatu Kshaya are brought on by it.

Once more, the Vicchedana of sick Doshas conforming to the channels is the responsibility of Teekshna Guna. Because Ushna Guna is Pittavardhaka, the body will become warmer as a result. Sweda's Pravartaka is Ushna Guna (Swedane Ushna). This will result in the removal of the Dravamsha, or watery component, and Rukshana. Because Sthira Guna lacks mobility (Gatiheena), Dhatus remains stable. Apicchila Guna lessens the Dhatus' slimy texture. Dryness, hardness, and Vata Vrudhi are caused by the depletion of Jalaamsha, which is attributed to Kathina Guna.[36]

In the same way, the Dravyas employed in the Rukshana complete the Rukshana Prakriya by performing Shodhana, Lekhana, Agnideepana, Shodana, Dharana, Kshalana, and Vata Vruddhi.

Conclusion

Shadvidhopakramas intend to take action by restoring the body's proper ratio of Panchamahabhutas. One of the six Upakramas, Rukshana, primarily brings Sneha Abhava, while Langhana brings Gourava's Abhava. Because of their Ruksha, Rukshana Dravyas and Ushnadi Gunas aid in the liquefaction and removal of stagnant morbid components, hence removing the barrier in Srotas. You can perform Langhana without a Dravya's assistance similar to fasting. However, Rukshana can only be performed using Rukshana Dravyas.

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