E-ISSN:2456-3110

Research Article

Pharmaceutical-Analytical Study

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 2 February
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Pharmaceutical-Analytical Study and Therapeutic uses of Ashtashatarishta : A Scientific View

Ninama R1*, Verma A2, Nagle A3, Pati RK4
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.2.12

1* Raju Ninama, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Ras Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Pt Khushilal Sharma Govt Auto Ayurveda College and Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

2 Archana Verma, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Pt Khushilal Sharma Govt Auto Ayurveda College and Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

3 Anil Nagle, Reader HOD, Department of Ras Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Pt Khushilal Sharma Govt Auto Ayurveda College and Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

4 R K Pati, Reader, Department of Ras Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Pt Khushilal Sharma Govt Auto Ayurveda College and Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Background: Ashtashatarishta comes under the Sandhan Kalpanas quoted by Charak Samhita, Chikitsa Sthan for therapeutic use in Shotha. Aim and Objectives: Pharmaceutico-Analytical and clinical indications of Ashtashatrishta from a scientific view. Material and Methods: Ashtashatarishta was prepared in the Department of Rasashasra and Bhaishajya Kalpana of Pt. K. L. S. Govt. Ayurveda College & Institute Bhopal. As per the classical reference of Charak Samhita. Pharmaceutical study: A detailed description of the preparation of Ashtashatarishta by using yeast as a fermentation agent is discussed in this part. The sample was prepared in a Pharmacy of Dept. of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana. Analytical study: In this phase of the study, all organoleptic parameters (appearance, color, odor, taste, and touch), and physicochemical parameters were analysed. Result: The above analysis showed the pH of the tested formulation range 3.47, total solid content 29.93%W/v, specific gravity 1.0595, refractive index 1.391, viscosity 2.20cP, total acidity 1.26%W/v, alcohol content 4.27%v/v, presence of methanol absent, reducing sugar 17.37%W/v, non-reducing sugar 8.675W/v. Organoleptic tests confirmed a characteristic odor of self-generated alcohol with an astringent test. Discussion: All the observations and results of the pharmaceutical and analytical study have been elaborated and discussed scientifically with the support of suitable references.

Keywords: Ashtashatarishta, Sandhana Kalpana, Shotha

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Raju Ninama, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Ras Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Pt Khushilal Sharma Govt Auto Ayurveda College and Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Email: 		Ninama R, Verma A, Nagle A, Pati RK, Pharmaceutical-Analytical Study and Therapeutic uses of Ashtashatarishta : A Scientific View. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(2):74-87.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3131

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-12-07 2023-12-17 2023-12-27 2024-01-07 2024-01-18
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None declared Nil Yes 24.85

© 2024by Ninama R, Verma A, Nagle A, Pati RKand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

There are many systems of medical science in the world. Ayurveda is one of the most Indian ancient systems of medicine which has been in practice from time immemorial. Ayurveda aims at a holistic approach to health. Ayurveda is a complete life science. It has all the knowledge about disease pathology, treatment principles, and drug preparations. Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is a branch of Ayurveda explaining pharmaceutical as well as dispensing of medicine. Every drug has some active principle and to get that the drug should be prepared accordingly. Bhaishajya Kalpana aims to eliminate unwanted characteristics, to incorporate expected attributes to make the medicine palatable, to increase the shelf life of medicine, and to minimize and customize the dose and the way of administration of medicine for the well-being of patients and society. Panchvidha Kashaya Kalpana are the basic drug dosage forms of Bhaishajya Kalpana which includes Swaras, Kalka, Kwath, Hima, and Phanta.[1] Even though Panchvidha Kashaya Kalpana was prevalent during the Vedic period the art of pharmacy was expanded gradually in later periods and several new drug dosage forms were introduced to provide additional advantages like increased shelf life, improved palatability, etc. There are many liquid formations mentioned in our Samhitas such as Swaras, Kwath, Hima, Phanta, Asava, Arishta, etc. Sandhan Kalpana includes Asava and Arishta, in the pharmaceutical process of Ayurveda there are many fermented preparations mentioned in Ayurveda since ancient times like - Madhur and Chukra. According to Paribhasha Khanda. Sandhana is that in which liquid preparations like juices/decoctions etc. Either along with medicines kept for a long duration for the onset of the fermentation process. Asava-Arishta comes under the Sandhan Kalpnas. Arishta is that in which fermentation is allowed to proceed for generating alcohol in the liquids and drugs kept after boiling.[3] Ashtashatarishta comes under the Sandhan Kalpanas quoted by Charak Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana for therapeutic use in Shotha.

Aim and Objectives

1. To prepare Ashtashatarishta as per the classical reference from Charak Samhita Shotha Chikitsa Adhyaya 12/32-33.

2. To conduct the analytical study of prepared Ashtashatarishta.

3. Clinical Indication of Ashtashatarishta an experimental and scientific view.

Materials and Methods

Materials

  • All the raw materials and essential instruments has been procured from the department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana K. L. S. Govt. Ayurveda College & Institute Bhopal (MP).
  • Ashtashatarishta was prepared in the department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana of Pt. K.L.S. Govt. Ayurveda College & Institute Bhopal. As per the classical reference of Charaka Samhita.

Methods

  • Pharmaceutical study - To prepare the Ashtashatarishta.
  • Analytical study - To analyze the Physical and Chemical properties.
  • Clinical Indications.

Ethical Approval

The study was started after the approval of the Institutional Ethical Committee of Pt. K. L. S. Govt. Ayurveda College & Institute Bhopal Wide letter number Klsgaci/IEC/2021/RSBK-2 Bhopal, dated 31.07.2021.

Pharmaceutical Study

Contents of Ashtashatarishta

Ashtashatshatarishta [4] has the following ingredients with the proper ratio.

Table 1: Ingredients of Ashtashatashatarishta

SNDrug NameBotanical NameFamilyQuantity
1.KashmaryaGmelina arborae roxb.Verbenacae1255gm
2.AmlakiEmbelia officinalisPhyllantacae1375gm
3.HaritakiTerminalia chebulaCombretacae2135gm
4.VibhitakiTerminalia belliricaCombretacae2080gm
5.MarichPiper nigrumPiperacae35gm
6.PippaliPiper longumPiperacae135gm
7.DrakshaVitis viniferaVitacae715gm
8.Purana GudJaggery5.3kg

Fermentative Agents - Purana Gud (Jaggery).


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jaims_3131_01.JPG
jaims_3131_02.JPG
Figure 1 and 2: Ingredients of Ashtashatarishta

Preparations of Ashtashatarishta

Ashtashatarishta is a liquid dosage form like - Sandhana Kalpana (Alcoholic fermentation). This is mentioned in Charak Samhita, it includes the decoction (Kwath) of the drugs. Gud as a sweetening agent, due to bad weather conditions I have added yeast as a fermentative agent and other drugs as per Akshepadravyas. It includes the fundamental principles of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics. During the preparations, each step of Sandhana Kalpana is followed with special attention.

1. Practical No.1

  • Name of practical: Ashtashatarishta Kwath Nirman for sample 01.
  • Starting date: 13/03/2023
  • Completion date: 6/05/2023
  • Procedure commencement time: 10:30 am
  • Procedure completion time: 7:00 pm
  • Time duration: 9 hours 30 min.

Instruments and equipment

  • Stainless steel tray and plate: For keeping the drugs
  • Electrical weighing machine: For weighing the drugs
  • Iron Pounding machine (Khalwa): For making Yavakuta Churna of the drugs
  • Knife: For cutting
  • Heating device: Gas burner with LPG cylinder for heating
  • Stainless steel vessel: For preparing Kwath
  • Thermometer: For recording the temperature
  • Clean cotton cloth: For filtration

Procedure

The manufacturing procedure includes three steps

A. Pre-procedure (Purvakarma)

B. Main procedure (Pradhanakarma)

C. Post procedure (Paschatakarma)

Pre-Procedure

It includes the collection and arrangement of the required materials for the procedure. 7.730 kg of Ashtashtarishta ingredients are Yavkuta (coarsely powdered) and soaked in 15 litres of drinking R.O. water overnight so soaking of drugs results in softening of the fruits and active ingredients will move easily in the water. The next day the procedure starts at 10:30 am.

Procedure

Here the Kwath (decoction) vaporizes the water and reduces it to the given ratio i.e., 1/4th or 1/8th of the initial quantity. The intensity of Agni (fire) plays an important role in the preparation of the Kwath that's why Kwath is prepared in Madhyam Agni.

Here the overnight soaked Ashtashatarishta fruits were stirred with the help of a stainless steel ladle. Complete water was absorbed by the Yavkuta powder of Ashtashtarishta fruits and the mixture became thick paste-like, now acc. to textual references 61.84 litres of drinking (R.O.) water was added in the vessels, and the


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gas cylinder was turned on. Slowly the water started to evaporate and stirring was done regularly so that the bottom of the vessels didn't get stuck by the coarse powder of Ashtashatarishta. After 9 hours 30 mins. The Kwath was reduced to its desired ratio of 1/4th i.e., 15.46 litres and the Kwath was filtered using double-stranded cotton cloth.

Post- Procedure

The Ashtashatarishta Kwath which was prepared is allowed to self-cooling and the Kwath was poured. now 5.3 kgs of Purana Gud was added to this poured Kwath and kept in an airtight plastic container, Kwath was kept for Sandhana Kalpana of manufacturing the Ashtashatarishta.

Observations

  • Kwath preparation starts at 10.30 am and ends at 7:00 pm i.e., it takes 9 hours and 30 mins for the completion of the procedure.
  • The starting temperature of the Kwath preparation was 32°C in the vessel at 10.45 a.m. and the temperature of the base of the vessel was 85°c.
  • Tiny bubbles of boiling Kwath were seen after some time and it remained till the end of the procedure.
  • When the process of Kwath preparation was started huge amount of froth was produced which decreased regularly after attaining the peak temperature and remained only on the edges of the vessel.
  • The temperature of the Kwath after 2 hours of commencement is 90°C in the vessel and 230°C outside the vessels.
  • The maximum temperature inside the vessel was 95°C and outside the vessel was 320°C After that the intensity of fire given was slightly lowered because high purity can demolish the active ingredients present in Kwath.
  • Evaporation of the Kwath was visible to the naked eye at the temperature of 55°C.
  • The vessel and outside the vessel temperature was 180°C at that time.
  • The colour of Kwath prepared was dark brown and a typical smell was present.



Precautions

  • The vessels were properly sterilized during the process.
  • Raw drugs should be properly dried and cleaned before the size reduction (Yavkuta)
  • The vessel in which overnight soaking of the drug was done should be properly covered to prevent it from external dust, contamination, and insects.
  • The maximum temperature of the Kwath should not exceed 105°C because high temperature may cause degradation of some of the active constituents of the drug which may decompose due to Hydrolysis.
  • Double folded cotton cloth was used for the filtration of Kwath.
  • Squeezing was properly done with the help of cotton cloth to prevent loss.
  • Proper handling was done during the filtration process to avoid burning with hot decoction and no loss of Kwath due to Spillage.
  • Each step of the practical should be done carefully.

Table 2: Showing results of Kwath preparation

Before boiling water61.84 litre
After boiling water15.46 litre
Loss46.38 litre
Duration9 hours min.
Reason of lossEvaporation of water

2. Practical 2

  • Name of practical: Ashtashatarishta Nirman.
  • Starting date: 13/03/2023
  • Completion date: 6/05/2023
  • Procedure commencement time: 5:30 pm, 13/03/23
  • Procedure completion time: 02:30 pm, 06/05/23
  • Time duration: 1 month 24 days.

Instruments and equipment

  • Stainless steel tray and plate: For keeping the drugs
  • Electrical weighing machine: For weighing the drugs

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  • Iron Pounding machine (Khalwa): For making Yavakuta Churna of the drugs
  • Knife: For cutting
  • Heating device: Gas burner with LPG cylinder for heating
  • Stainless steel vessel: For preparing Kwath
  • Thermometer: For recording the temperature
  • Clean cotton cloth: For filtration
  • For storing Asava vesels used.
  • PVC container: capacity 25 liters.

Fermentative agents (Madhur Dravya)

  • Purana Guda (Jaggery)
  • Dry Yeast

Reference:[5] Ashtashatarishta Kwath was made according to textual references Gada Nigraha 6/100.

jaims_3131_03.JPG
Illustration 1: Shows the procedures of Practical No. 2

Purva Karma (Pre-Procedure)

Preparations of Vessels

The plastic container was washed through warm water and then wiped out with clean cloth and kept in sunlight for drying.

1. Lepana

It is performed after the vessels it was smeared with 50gm of Goghrita and 50gm of Madhu.




2. Dhoopana

It is done with Guggulu (Commifera mukul), Vacha (Acorus calamus), and Raal (Canarium strictum) in equal quantity. Dhoopana of the container was done for 30 mins. The place of fermentation was also fumigated for 30 mins. With the same drugs.

3. Collection of drugs

All the raw drugs were provided by the pharmacy of the department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaisajya Kalpana and were examined by the experts of the Dravyaguna department of the institutes. All the raw drugs were properly cleaned to remove physical impurities or adulterations present in them. All the drugs were kept in sunlight for some time to remove moisture from them and then dried in the shade. Drugs were dried in shades because the active contents of Aromatic drugs may get lost in direct sunlight.

Pradhana Karma (Main Procedure)

A) Preparation of Kwath

  • Principal: Kwathana (Boiling)
  • Date of commencement: 13 March 2023
  • Date of completion: 13 March 2023
  • Duration: 9hours 30min.
  • Surrounding temperature: 35°C - 38℃
  • Tempreture of Kwath: 90℃ - 95℃
  • Ingredients: Drugs - 7.730 KG
  • Water: 61.84 Liter

B) Preparation of Wort

  • Principal: Sammishrana (Mixing)
  • Date of commencement: 13 March 2023
  • Date of completion: 13 March 2023
  • Duration: 20 Min.
  • Surrounding temperature: 32℃ - 34℃
  • Tempreture of Kwath: Before addition of Guda 65℃, After addition of Guda 58℃.
  • Ingredients:
  • Kwath:46 LTR
  • Guda: 5.3 KG
  • Prakshepa Dravya (dry yeast): 20 gm

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Procedure

  • After straining of Kwath with double-layered cotton cloth, it was taken into two stainless-steel vessels. To facilitate the mixing of Jaggery in it.
  • Now 5.3 Kg of jaggery was added in Kwath and thoroughly mixed with a stainless ladle.
  • When jaggery was properly dissolved the wort was strained with double-layered cotton cloth.
  • The mixture was poured into a PVC container.
  • Finally, dark brown colored wort was obtained with a more sweet and peculiar smell than Kwath.

Observations

  • The color of the wort was dark brown.
  • The smell of wort was peculiar to sweet and peculiar.
  • A small amount of froth was present.

Precautions

  • Homogenous mixture was done by proper mixing.
  • When the temperature of the mixture becomes 40°C after 25 minutes Dhataki Pushpa and Prakshepa Dravya are added in the mixture.

Table 3: Showing results of wort Preparation

Kwath15.46 litre
Wort (After the addition of Guda)20.76 litre
Vol. gain5.3 litre
Reason of gainAddiction of Guda

Removal of seal

  • The seal of vessels i.e., PVC container was removed after every 7th day to check the Fermentation process and resealed.
  • On 3rd day, it was opened to check whether the process of fermentation was started or not on 7th day, the lid was again re-opened to check the process of fermentation.
  • On the 14th day, the lid was again re-opened to ensure the process of fermentation stopped or still preceding.
  • Again, it was opened on the 21st day to ensure fermentation.
  • Again, it was opened on the 28th day to ensure fermentation.
  • The whole process has been repeated till the date of completion.
  • The last opening of the sample was completed on the 54th day. On that day candle was not extinguished, no sound of the fermentation process was coming from the container, no effervescence also by getting all these positive results it was ready for filtration.
  • After completion of the fermentation process, the filtration of wort was done, dated 06/05/2023.

Observations

  • On the 7th day, fermentation has been started.
  • Burning match stick test: Burning match stick was extinguished in this sample.
  • Lime water test: When CO; gas was passed through Lime water, the sample of Lime water got turbid due to the presence of CO2 gas ensuring ongoing fermentation reaction.
  • Bubbling sound: A bubbling sound was obtained during these days which ensured the process of fermentation, the peculiar alcoholic smell was felt during fermentation.
  • Slight fungal growth was observed on the surface of the wort as a coated layer.
  • Taste was getting changed from the initial sample.
  • Consistency was also altered after fermentation.
  • After completion of fermentation: On the 54th day mixture was clear and dry yeast completely sank to the bottom, no bubbling or effervescence was found. Deep sedimentation has occurred. The finished product on filtration was observed more stringent and less sweet and sour in taste.

Precautions

  • The Plastic container used in the procedure was properly washed, and dried in sunlight, and Lepana and Dhoopana treatment was done for proper sterilization.
  • The container was cleaned with a spirit swab after pouring of wort to prevent pathogenic fungal growth.

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  • All the vessels used in the procedure were sterilized by proper washing and heat treatment.
  • Proper space was left in a Plastic container for the circulation of liberated gas i.e. CO₂ during the process of fermentation. So, 1/3 space of the container was kept empty.
  • The fermenting vessel was avoided from direct sunlight, air, and temperature variations.
  • Completion tests were performed carefully.
  • During filtration cotton cloth was 4 folded to prevent sedimentation in vessels.
  • The mouth of the container was not opened frequently to avoid infestation of microorganisms because if it occurred then the chance of spoiling of product was higher.

3) Paschat Karma

A. Filtration: After the completion of the fermentation process, the filtration of wort was done with the help of four folded clean and dry cotton cloth to check if the sediments came from decoction. The marc that remained in the bottom of the vessel was weighed and discarded.

B. Maturation: The filtrate was transferred to another clean and dry container and kept undisturbed for 7 days more.

  • To overcome the sedimentation Re-filtration was done after 7th days.
  • On the 14th day, once again decanting and filtering were done to get clear fluid (Arishta). Slight sedimentation was observed on the earlier container, hence filtration on maturation will avoid further fermentation.
  • During filtration cotton cloth was 4 folded to prevent sedimentation in vessels.

C. Packing and labeling: Ashtashatarishta was filled and labelled properly in coloured glass bottles indicating the fall information about formulation. Then, it was kept in a dark place to avoid exposure to direct sunlight.

Results:The Fermentation was completed in 54 days.

Analytical Study of Ashtashatarishta

The analytical study of the sources and places from where the drugs have been collected, and cultivated

should be done because herbs are collected from different habitats and climates. So, it is essential to conduct the analytical study.

Place of Study

All the Sophisticated Analytical test was conducted at S.R. Labs, Jaipur (Rajasthan)

Table 4: Showing results of final product Ashtashatarishta.

Kwath (Total quantity before the addition of Guda)15.46 litre
Wort (Total quantity before fermentation)20.76 litre
Yield17.40 litre
Loss3.36 litre
Reason of lossSediments were discarded

jaims_3131_04.JPG
Fig. 3: Yavkuta Dravya overnight soaked
jaims_3131_05.JPG
Fig. 4: Kwath Preparation
jaims_3131_06.JPG
Fig. 5: Kwath Filter

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jaims_3131_07.JPG
Fig. 6: Dhoopana Karma
jaims_3131_08.JPG
Fig. 7: During Fermentation
jaims_3131_09.JPG
Fig. 8: Final product of Ashtashatarishta

Analytical Study[14]

The prepared sample of Ashtashatarishta was analysed by the following parameters.

Table 5: Showing different types of tests.

Organoleptic testPhysico-Chemical testChemical test
AppearancepHAlcohol content
TasteTotal solid contentPresence of methanol
TouchSpecific gravity at 25°CTotal acidity
ColorViscositySugar estimation -
Reducing
Non-reducing Sugar
OdorRefractive index

Advanced analytical tests - HPTLC (High-performance thin-layer chromatography)



A. Organoleptic Tests

Table 6: Showing the organoleptic characters of Ashtashatarishta

Organoleptic testSample result
AppearanceLiquid
TasteAstringent
TouchWatery
ColorBrown
OdorAromatic

B. Physico-Chemical Parameters

  • pH

The pH value indicates the relative concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution compared with that of the standard solution. A scale representing the acidity or the alkalinity of a solution, wherein the value 7.0 is neutral. A value below 7.0 indicates acidic and the above 7 indicates alkalinity. Arishta formulations are acidic in nature as their normal value ranges between 3-5.

  • Specific gravity

The specific gravity of a liquid is the weight of a given volume of the liquid at 25°C (unless otherwise specified) compared with the weight of an equal volume of water at the same temperature, all weighing being taken in air.

  • Total Solids

Determination of total solids in Asava-Arishta is generally required. Transfer accurately 50 ml of the clear Asava/Arishta to an evaporable dish, which has been dried to a constant weight and evaporated to dryness on a water bath, and then dry at 105° for 3 hours. After cooling the dish containing the residue in a desicator for 30 min weigh it immediately. The weight of residue should comply with the requirement stated under the individual monograph.

  • Viscosity

The viscosity of the prepared formulation was determined using a Brookfield digital viscometer. The viscosity was measured using spindle no. 67 at 10 rpm at ambient room temperature 25-30°C. A sufficient quantity of gel was filled in an appropriate wide-mouth container. The viscosity value was noted down after a stable reading. Samples of the gel were allowed to settle over 30 min. at the constant room temperature before the measurements.


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  • Refractive index

The Abbe's refractometer is convenient for most measurements of refractive index but other refractometers of equal or greater accuracy may be used. The Abbe's refractometer is convenient for most measurements of refractive index but another refractometer of equal or greater accuracy may be used.

C. Chemical Test

  • Determination of alcohol content

The ethanol content of a liquid is expressed as the number of vol. of ethanol contained in 100 vol. of the liquid, the vol. being measured at 24.90 to 25.10. This is known as the “percentage of ethanol by volume’’.

  • Determination of alcohol content

The use of industrial methylated spirit is permitted in the monograph, determining the content of ethanol preparation being examined diluted with water to contain between 4.0 and 6.0 percent v/v of total ethanol and methanol.

  • Total acidity in terms of Acetic acid (Acid-base neutralization titration)

Acidity as formic acid (%) by weight -0.23 XVM Where V = corrected volume of 0.05 N Sodium Hydroxide used M-weight in gm of the sample taken for the test.

  • Sugar estimation

Reducing sugar: For reducing sugars, weigh accurately 500 mg of the sample, dissolve it in 100 ml of Reducing sugars in double distilled water, and make up the volume to 100 ml in a volumetric flask. Then follow the method mentioned for the preparation of the calibration curve.

Non-reducing sugar: Subtract the percentage of the reducing sugars from the Total sugars to obtain non-reducing sugars. Non-reducing Sugar: Total Sugar- Reducing Sugar.

D. Advanced Analytical Test

High-performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)

It is an enhanced form of thin-layer Chromatography (TLC). A number of enhancements can be made to the basic

method of thin-layer chromatography to automate the different steps, to increase the resolution achieved, and to allow more accurate quantitative measurements.

High Profile Thin Layer Chromatography of Ashtashatarishta Sample

Extract 25g of formulation with 50 ml Ethyl acetate under reflux on a water bath, filter and concentrate the extract up to dry, and then reconstitute in 5 ml of methanol and carryout the thin layer chromatography. Apply 10 µl of the extract on a TLC plate and develop the plate to a distance of 8 cm wing Toluene. Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5:5:0.5) as mobile phase with 20 min pre-saturation time. Take snaps on 254nm, 366nm, and light and scan plate for developing a fingerprint profile of same. After development, allow the plate to dry in the air.

Visualization

The phrases ultra-violet light (254 nm) and ultra-violet light (366nm) indicate that the plate should be examined under an ultra-violet light having a maximum output at about 254 or at about 366 nm, as the case may be. The term secondary spot means any other than the principal spot. Similarly, a secondary band is any band other than the principal band.

Rf Value

Measure the distance travelled by solute and solvent then calculate the Rf value for each lute spot identified by the below formula,

Result of HPTLC

Table 7: Showing the result of HPTLC

Solvent system usedDetection reagentRf value at 254nmRf Value at 366nm
Toluene: Ethyle Acitate: Formic Acid (5:5:0.5)Methanolic ferric chloride-0.00-0.01
0.040.04
0.390.25
0.650.35
0.690.41
0.940.65
0.73
0.84

Therapeutic Uses

Ashtashatoarishta is described in Ch. Chi. 13 (Vatakaphaj Shotha Chikitsa),


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it cures different types of edemas and constipation caused by Kapha and Vaayu and stimulates digestion and metabolism (Agni). The contents of Ashtashatoarishta are Gambhari, Haritaki, Vibhitaki, Amalaki, Marich, Pippali, Draksha, and Puran Gud. Ashtashatarishta removes Vata- Kaphajanya inflammation, Vibandha and it improves the status of Agni.

  • On analyzing the Rasa Panchak as of Ashtashatoarishta, it can be observed that most of the drugs have Katu, Tikta Kashaya Rasa, Laghu, Ruksha Guna, and Ushna Veerya, few have Madhura Rasa, Snigdha Guna, Sheet Veerya and Madhur Vipaka.
  • Most of the drugs have Tridoshaghna property and dominantly Vatakaphahara
  • The vitiation of Vata is due to Margavarodha with Kapha Dosha. Ashtashatoarishta contains Tikta, Kashaya, Katu Rasa; Laghu, Rukhsha Guna; Ushna Veerya Yukata Dravyas which help in removing the Avarana and Madhur Rasa, Snigdha Guna, Madhur Vipaka Yukta Dravyas which helps in Vata Anulomana.
  • Arishtas have some characteristic properties like Sukshma, Ushna, Tikshna, and Vyavayi Gunas, they easily assimilate in the body have immediate action, and are effective in nature.
  • Arishtas have Agni deepana property and are popularly used in different conditions successfully.

Illustration 2: Showing Probable Mode of Action of Ashtashatarish
jaims_3131_10.JPG

Table 8: Showing the Karma and Rogaghnata of Ashtashatarishta.

Drug NameKarmaRagaghnata
Kashmarya[6]Deepan, Paachan, Bhedana, Medhya, Shothahara, Balya, Shosha, Vedanasthapana, Anulomana, Snehana.
Phala: Balya, Mutrajanana, Vrishya, Keshya, Rasayan, Medhya, Hridhya, Raktapittashamak, Sandhaniya.		Shotha, Agnimandhya, Vibandha, Daurbalya, Shirahshoola, Brama, Mastishkadourbalya, Palitya, Vatarakta, Vatavikara, Hridroga, Kshaya,, Mutrakrichra, Jwara
Jwarottaradourbalya.
Haritaki[7]Shothahara, Deepan, Paachan, Anuloman, Mridu Rechan, Mutral, Sroto Shodhan, Yakrut Uttejak, Rasayan, Balya, Medhya, Prajasthapan.Agnimandya, Vibandha, Aruchi, Udararoga, Shotha, Pandu, Prameha, Ajirna, Amlapitta
Vibhitaki[8]Shleshmahara, Keshya, Sothahara, Vedanasthapana, Raktastam-bhana, Krishnakarana, Deepana, Anulomana, Krimighna, Rechana, Bhedana, Trishnanigraha, Chhardinigraha, Kaphaghna, Vajikarana, Jwaraghna, Chakshushya.Kaphapradhan vikara, Swarabheda, Vibandha, Charmaroga, Granthi-Visarpa, Agnimandhya, Palitya, Pratishyaya, Kasa, Shwasa, Vrana, Netraabhishyanda, Vatavyadhi, Anidra
Amalaki[9]Vrishya, Rasayan, Keshya, Medhya, Balya, Deepan, Anuloman, Daha Prashamana, Rochana, Amlata Nashaka, Yakrut Uttejaka, Stambhana.Prameha, Aruchi, Vibandha, Amla Pitta, Parinama Shoola. Udavarta, Udara Roga, Arsha, Vibandha, Agnimandya, Trushna, Yakrut Vikara, Khalitya-Palitya, Pradara, Daurbalya
Marich[10]Chedhan, Deepan, Ruchya, Medohara, Chedana, Hridaroga, Pachana, Yakrututtejaka, Vatanulomana, Krimighna, Sroto Shodhana.Sthoulya, Agnimandya, Shoola, Krimiroga, Twakroga, Ajirna, Yakrut Vikara, Adhmana, Grahani, Hrid Daurbalya, Kasa, Shwasa, Hikka.
Pippali[11]Deepan, Kaphahara, Rucya, Vrsaya, Rasayana, Vatanulomana, Jantughna, Shoola Prashamana, Mrudu Rechana, Krimighna, Yakrut Uttejaka, Medhya, Shiro Virechana.Agnimandya, Aruchi, Ajirna, Udara Shoola, Vibandha, Arsha, Yakrut Vikara, Krimiroga, Pandu, Shoola, Gulma, Hikka, Kasa, Kustha, Pliharoga.
Draksha[12]Swarya, Vrishya, Medhya, BalyaVibandha, Agnimandhya, Pandu
Purana Guda[13]Swadukara, Rakta Shodhak, Balya, Vrishya.Vataroga, Daurbalya, Dhatukshaya

Doses and Anupana: 20 ml with an equal amount of water after the meal.


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Table 9: Showing Doshaghnata and Pharmacological actions of Ashtashatarishta

SNDrug NameDoshaghnataPharmacological Action
1.KashmaryaTridosha ShamakaAnti-diuretic activity, Anti-diarrhoeal, Anti-pyretic, Analgesic activity, Anti-oxidant activity, Anti-diabetic activity, Anti-helminthic activity, Anti-bacterial activity. Anti-fungal activity, Cardio-protective activity, Anti-ulcer activity, Gastroprotective effect, Anti-cancer activity, anti-hypipidemic effect, and Immunomodulatory activity.
2.HaritakiTridosha Shamak specially VatashamakAntimicrobial, antifungal, antispasmodic, hypotensive, anti-hepatitis B virus activity, hypo-lipidaemic, inhibitory activity, anthelminthic, purgative.
3.VibhitakiTridoshanashaka especially KaphanashakaBronchodilatory, antispasmodic, antiasthmatic, antifertility. antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-convulsant. sedative, analgesic, CNS depressant, muscle relaxant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and taeniacidal. hepato-protective, antiulcer, cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. lipolytic and has Cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity
4.AmalakiTridosha ShamakaAntidiabetic, hypo-glycemic, anti- peptic ulcer. hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-microbial, anti-emetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, Rasayana, Spasmolytic, mild CNS depressant. antimutagenic, immunomodulatory, antifungal, anti-tumor. antibacterial, antiulcer, adrenergic potentiating, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory action.
5.MarichKapha-Vata ShamakaAntihypertensive, antiplatelets, antioxidant, antitumor, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, anti-convulsant, sedative, CNS depressant, muscle relaxant, taeniacidal, hepato-protective, antimicrobial, antiulcer, lipolytic.
6.PippaliVata-Kapha ShamakaAntipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective activities, Antibacterial, anti-malarial. CNS stimulant, antitubercular, anthelmintic, hypoglycemic, antispasmodic, cough suppressor, antidrug giardial, immunostimulatory, analeptic.
7.DrakshaVatapittaharaAntioxidant activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Antifungal activity, Antibacterial activity, Antidiabetic activity, Antihypertension activity, Anti-obesity and fatty liver activity, Antiviral activity, and Prevent bone loss activity. Anticancer activity, Anti-hyperpigmentation, and skin-lightening activity.
8.Purana GudaVataghna, Kaphavriddhikara, Natipittajit-

Results

Table 10: Showing the results of Physico-chemical parameters of Ashtashatarishta

AppearanceLiquid
OdourAromatic
ColorBrown
TasteAstringent

SNTest ParametersTest methodUnitResults
1.pH ValueAPI Part I, Vol.-VI, 2009-3.47
2.Total Solid ContentAPI Part I, Vol.-VI, 2009%w/v29.93
3.Specific GravityAPI Part I, Vol.-VI, 2009-1.0595
4.Refractive IndexAPI Part I, Vol.-VI, 2009-1.391
5.ViscosityAPI Part I, Vol.-VI, 2009cP2.20
6.Total AcidityAPI Part I, Vol.-VI, 2009%w/v1.26
7.Alcohol contentAPI Part I, Vol.-VI, 2009%v/v4.27
8.Presence of methanolAPI Part I, Vol.-VI, 2009mg/lAbsent
9.Reducing SugarAPI Part I, Vol.-VI, 2009%w/v17.37
10Non-reducing SugarAPI Part I, Vol.-VI, 2009%w/v8.67

API - Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, NS – Not Specified

The above analysis showed the pH of the tested formulation range 3.47, total solid content 29.93%W/v, specific gravity 1.0595, refractive index 1.391, viscosity 2.20cP, total acidity 1.26%W/v, alcohol content 4.27%v/v, presence of methanol absent, reducing sugar 17.37%W/v, non-reducing sugar 8.675W/v. Organoleptic tests confirmed the characteristic odor of self-generated alcohol with an astringent test.

Discussion

All the observations and results of the pharmaceutical-analytical study and therapeutic uses have been elaborated and discussed scientifically with the support of suitable references. With the increasing use of Ayurvedic medicines, there is certainly a need for more advanced techniques that will help drug manufacturers follow specifications and justify the therapeutic efficacy, safety, and stability of products. Besides this, quality assessment of Ayurvedic medicines has to be done in an integrated manner, including both traditional and modern analytical techniques. This will help in validating the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda, which has been in practice for many centuries.


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Raju Ninama et al. Pharmaceutical Study and Therapeutic uses of Ashtashatarishta

Conclusion

In this study, the formulation Ashtashatarishta was analyzed according to the standard pharmacopeia procedures for its physico-chemical screening. This study will help to develop a quality control profile for future reference and can be used for qualitative evaluation of Ashtashatarishta in terms of modern parameters, which may help in the authenticity of the drug and to compile suitable information for the better utility and safe use of this formulation in therapeutics.

References

1. Charak Samhita volume -1, Sutrasthan, Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyay 4th, page no. 70, editor -Dr. Brahmanand Tripathi, Choukhamba Surbharti Prakashan Varanasi Edition -1997.

2. Bhaishajya Kalpana vigyanam, Sandhan Kalpana (Fermentative Preparations), chapter 9th, page no. 275, by Dr. Prabhakar Rao, Choukhamba Publications, New Delhi, Edition First, 2008, ISBN – 978-81-897998-16-1.

3. Sharangdhar Samhita (A treatise on Ayurveda), chapter 10 Sandhana Kalpana (Galenicals, fermentated liquids) page no. 137, prof. K. R. Shrikant murthy Choukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Edition -Third -1997.

4. Charak Samhita -Volume 2, Chikitsa Sthana, Shvayathu Chikitsa Adhyay 12/32-33, page no.361-362, Editor -Dr. Brahmanand Tripathi, Choukhamba Surbharti Prakashan Varanasi Edition -1997.

5. Gadanigraha of Sri Vaidya Sodhala with the Vidyotini Hindi commentary by Sri Indradeva Tripathi; Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan Varanasi fourth edition, 2003.

6. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of AYUSH, Government of India-2001, Part- I. Vol-3, Pg. No. 53.

7. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of AYUSH, Government of India-2001, Part- 1, Vol- 1. Pg. No. 47.

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9. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of AYUSH, Government of India-2001, Part- 1. Vol- 1, Pg. No. 5.

10. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of AYUSH, Government of India-2001, Part- 1, Vol- 3. Pg. No. 115.

11. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of AYUSH, Government of India-2004, Part- 1. Vol- 4, Pg. No. 91.

12. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of AYUSH, Government of India-2001, Part- 1, Vol- 3. Pg. No. 45.

13. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of AYUSH. Government of India-2004, Part- 1, Vol- 4, Pg. No. 206.

14. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis.


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