Introduction

Ayurveda Samhitas are ancient Indian texts that form foundation of Ayurvedic medicine, one of world's oldest systems of traditional medicine. These texts provide a comprehensive understanding of health, wellness, and treatment of dise. from an Ayurvedic perspective. Acharya Gangadhar said in his commentary, Jalpkalptaru- Every sage composed this scripture based on his own opinion.^[1]

Hence, we can say that whatever written in the Ayurveda Samhita is true and is relevant in the present era as well because the principles mentioned in the Ayurveda Samhita are said by Apta Purusha after testing in several ways and on proving it with reasoning.

The Samhitas, the earliest layer of Vedic literature, form the foundational texts of Hindu philosophy, rituals, and spiritual knowledge. Comprising hymns, Mantras, and prayers, they were orally transmitted across generations with utmost reverence and precision.

However, in the context of the 21st century, where rapid technological, social, and educational advancements have transformed the way knowledge is accessed and interpreted, the question arises: should the Samhitas be modernized, or does such an effort compromise their sanctity and original essence?

Modernization, in this context, refers not to altering the spiritual core of these texts but to making them more accessible and comprehensible to contemporary audiences. This may involve accurate translations, contextual interpretations, digital preservation, and academic integration.

Proponents argue that modernization is essential for preserving cultural heritage and promoting informed engagement with ancient wisdom. Critics, however, fear that modern reinterpretations may distort meanings, dilute spiritual depth, and lead to cultural misrepresentation.

Therefore, the debate on the modernization of Samhitas is not merely about updating texts—it is about balancing preservation with progress. Exploring this issue requires a thoughtful examination of the relevance, risks, and responsibilities involved in bringing ancient scripture into modern discourse.

• संहित + टाप्= संहिता^[2]
• परः सन्निकर्षः संहिता । वर्णानामतिशयितः सन्निधिः संहितासंज्ञः स्यात्^[3]

In Vyakarana literature meaning of the word Samhita is used as 'Sandhi'. Some Meaning of word Samhita - Union, collection, compilation, systematically arranged verse or prose, compilation of laws, rules of any subject, hymns of Vedas following particular sequence, in grammar- Sandhi, Paramatma.

For Ayurveda compendia meaning of the word Samhita is systematically arranged verse or prose, which is more accurate.

Acharya Priyavrat Sharma, in his book “Ayurveda Ka Vaigyanik Itihas” says that Samhita

Includes all the specialities of the subject, i.e., Ashtanga Ayurveda^[4]

Distinctive Features of The Perfect Ayurveda Samhitas

Following are the features of Ayurveda Samhita According to Acharya Charak.^[5]

1. सुमहद्यशस्विधीरपुरुषासेवित- Which are followed by great, illustrious and wise physicians

2. अर्थबहुलम् - Abundance of subject matter

3. आप्तजनपूजितं - Respected by reputed personalities

4. त्रिविधशिष्यबु‌द्धिहितम् - Conducive to the intellectual of three types of disciples

5. अपगतपुनरुक्तदोष - Free from defects of repetition

6. आर्ष - Written by seers and sages

7. सुप्रणीतसूत्रभाष्यस‌ङ्ग्रहक्रमं - Well placed aphorism together with commentaries in proper sequence

8. स्वाधारम् - Elegant ideas to convey

9. अनवपतितशब्दम् - Which are free from vulgar words

10. अकष्टशब्द- which are free from difficult words

11. पुष्कलाभिधानं - which have clear and unambiguous subject matter

12. क्रमागतार्थम् - Which conveys subject matter in proper order

13. अर्थतत्त्वविनिश्चयप्रधानं - Which have determination of real objects

14. सङ्गतार्थम् - Which are relevant

• Understanding of Life - Categorized into four types of life stages.
• Notions of Well-being - Addressing health from multiple angles.
• Disease Interpretation - Covering both disorders arising from imbalances and those triggered by karmic factors.
• Therapeutic Approaches - Encompassing both rational and spiritual remedies.
• Concept of Mortal Life and Existence Beyond - Explored in detail.
• Laukiki-Chikitsa as well as Naishthiki-Chikitsa

Why Modernization of Samhita is Purposeless?

The following are the reasons which indicate the modernization of Ayurveda Samhita is purposeless -

Ayurveda is endorsed by an assembly of learned men. Though it appears to be divergent in views from other philosophical works and Ayurveda, after careful examination with earlier and later statements, it will be noticed that there is no contradiction in this aspect.^[6] Hence, we can say that Ayurveda Samhita is “Trikala Abadhit”.

• Loss of Authenticity: Modernization may lead to the loss of the original essence and authenticity of Ayurveda For example, altering the language and terminology in ancient texts might distort their true meaning.
• Loss of Ancient Wisdom: One of the major drawbacks of modernizing Ayurveda literature is the potential loss of ancient wisdom. Ayurvedic texts, such as the Charaka Samhita and the Sushruta Samhita, are based on centuries of empirical knowledge and philosophical insights. Modernization attempts often focus on updating the language and concepts, with an emphasis on scientific validation. However, in doing so, the richness and depth of the ancient wisdom may be compromised.
• Alteration of the Author's Intent: Modernization of Samhita may inadvertently alter or dilute the original author's intent, as translators and editors often make decisions based on their interpretations and biases. These changes can range from minor adjustments in language to major shifts in characterizations or plotlines.

• Translating a text to a different language can result in the erasure of linguistic nuances, specific cultural expressions, and poetic forms unique to the original work, thereby hindering a deeper understanding and appreciation of a particular culture or period.
• Uniqueness of Ayurveda Samhita lies in its adaptability for practitioners when it comes to practical aspects like selecting medicinal plants, crafting drug formulations, and determining dosage forms. This adaptability can accommodate variations based on the availability of raw materials in different geographic and climatic conditions, all while staying true to the core principles. Modernization efforts, if carried out, could potentially erode this distinctive characteristic of the Ayurveda Samhita.

Relevance of Ancient Ayurveda Principles at Present

• Concept of Balanced Diet/ Ideal Diet: Sastika Dhanya (source of carbohydrate), Sali Dhanya (paddy yielded in winter), Mudga (source of Protein), Saindhava Lavana (Source of mineral), Amalaki (Source of Vitamin), Yava, Antariksa Jala, Paya (Source of calcium), Sarpi (source of Fat), Jangala Mamsa and Madhu should be taken regularly. Regular use of the above-mentioned substances results in the maintenance of health as well as to prevent in invading the diseases. This Principle of a balanced diet is given by Acharyas, which is still valid after thousands of years.

• Intake of food according to the time: Intake of food according to the time (Kala-Bhojana) is the best one in promoting health.
  Advances in Nutrition published an article in which it is said that - Timing of food consumption, meals, and macronutrients is a new tactic to address the problem of obesity and metabolic syndrome.^[6]

• Knowledge of Hetu, Linga, and Ausadha: ‘Hetu Linga Ausadha Jnanam' means the knowledge of etiology, symptoms and medicines. the entire Ayurveda is embedded in these three aphorisms, i.e. Hetu, Linga, and Ausadha is the keywords of Ayurveda. In today's era, this Principle is valid because no disease can be treated without knowing Hetu, Linga.

These texts, especially Ayurveda Samhitas, are not merely medical treatises but comprehensive repositories of philosophical, ethical, and spiritual knowledge. Their format, style, and terminology are intentionally crafted to suit the holistic principles of the Ayurvedic system. As discussed, they possess a unique blend of clarity, precision, and depth that is often lost in translation or simplification. The concern that modernization may lead to the loss of authenticity and dilution of traditional knowledge is valid. Ayurveda is rooted in experiential validation and spiritual insight, rather than reductionist empiricism. Efforts to reinterpret complex doctrines such as Tridosha or Rasayana using only modern biomedical language can result in oversimplification and misrepresentation. This concern becomes more serious when one considers that these principles are not just theories but lived traditions embedded in specific cultural and linguistic frameworks.

Moreover, scientific disposition of the Samhitas, as highlighted by their structured reasoning, cause-effect explanations, and dialogical format, demonstrates that they are already methodical and rational in their own right. Modernization might falsely presume a superiority of Western scientific paradigms over indigenous epistemologies, whereas integration of both requires a respectful understanding of each system’s strengths. Nevertheless, selective and context-sensitive adaptation could be beneficial. Translating and commenting on Samhitas in a way that retains their philosophical essence while improving pedagogical clarity can aid modern students and practitioners. Modern tools like digital platforms, comparative studies, and interdisciplinary research can help disseminate Ayurvedic knowledge globally, provided core values and methods are preserved. The relevance of Ayurvedic principles in modern times, such as dietetics, seasonal regimens, and emphasis on preventive healthcare, showcases living applicability of Samhita-based teachings. Principles such as Kala-Bhojana (timely eating), Agni (digestive power), & Rasayana (rejuvenation) have found resonance even in modern research, thereby valid. Samhitas without needing major overhauls.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the modernization of Samhitas should neither be dismissed outright as purposeless nor accepted uncritically as a necessary evolution.