E-ISSN:2456-3110

Research Article

Akaal Palitya

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 6 JUNE
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Study to evaluate the efficacy of Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya in Premature Graying of Hair (Akaal Palitya) - A Clinical Study

Reshma S1*, Trupti J2, Nitin M3, Alisha P4
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.6.4

1* Reshma Shekh, Assistant Professor, Dept of Swasthavritta, Parasher Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

2 Trupti Jain, Lecturer, Dept of Swasthavritta, Pt KLS Govt Auto Ayurvedic College and Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

3 Nitin Marwaha, Professor, Dept of Swasthavritta, Pt KLS Govt Auto Ayurvedic College and Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

4 Alisha Prakash, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Swasthavritta, Pt KLS Govt Auto Ayurvedic College and Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Incidence of Premature Graying is increasing day by day. Incidence as per W.H.O is largely between the age group of 25-30 years. Hair colour contributes immensely in physical appearance and self-perception. It is well known that Premature Graying of Hair results from a reduction of pigment, but exact underline cause for this is still mystery for medical fraternity. In contemporary medical science, there is as such no effective treatment for premature graying of hair but various previous researches in Ayurveda have shown the potential in its prevention and management. Acharya Charaka and Acharya Sushruta have quoted Premature Greying of Hair as Akaal Palitya and mentioned it as Ras Dhatu Pradosaja Vikara.[5,6] In Ayurveda classics various external and internal medications have been described for this disease and Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya is one of them mentioned by Acharya Sharangdhara.[7] So, on the basis of classical references and researches Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya has been selected for this study and a clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients with Greying hair. These patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A (trial group - Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya) and Group B (control group). After 90 days of clinical, results showed significant improvement in subjective parameter like colour of hair, dry splitted hair, burning on scalp.as well as on objective parameter like GSS score and Serum Ferritin level.

Keywords: Nasya, Palitya, Premature Graying of Hair, Rasa Dhatu Pradosha, Vibhitaka Majja Tail

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Reshma Shekh, Assistant Professor, Dept of Swasthavritta, Parasher Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Email: 		Reshma S, Trupti J, Nitin M, Alisha P, Study to evaluate the efficacy of Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya in Premature Graying of Hair (Akaal Palitya) - A Clinical Study. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(6):20-28.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3315

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-04-13 2024-04-22 2024-05-01 2024-05-10 2024-05-19
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Authors state no conflict of interest. Non Funded. The conducted research is not related to either human or animals use. 13.48 All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

© 2024by Reshma S, Trupti J, Nitin M, Alisha Pand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Reshma Shekh et al. Efficacy of Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya in Premature Graying of Hair

Introduction

The incidence of Premature Greying of Hair is increasing, particularly in tropical and developing countries. The prevalence of this disorder is higher among females as compared to males. Incidence as per W.H.O is largely between the age group of 25-30 years. The term “Premature Greying of Hair” is used when greying begins before the usual age of onset.[1]

Hair is said to grey prematurely when it occurs before the age of 20 in Caucacians, 25 in Asians and 30 in Africans.[2,3]

Increasing social and economical imbalance, sedentary lifestyle, mental stress and pollution are some important factors responsible for the Graying of Hair. It also became most important cause of psychosomatic disorders.[4]

Acharya Charaka and Acharya Sushruta have quoted Premature Greying of Hair as Akaal Palitya and mentioned it as Ras Dhatu Pradosaja Vikara.[5,6]

In Ayurveda classics various external and internal medications have been described for this disease and Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya is one of them mentioned by Acharya Sharangdhara.[7]

So, on the basis of classical references and researches Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya has been selected for this study.

Aim and Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya in Premature Graying of Hair (Akaala Palitya)

Materials and Methods

Research question

What is the effect of Vibhitaka Majja Oil in the Premature Greying of Hair (Akaal Palitya)

Hypothesis

Null hypothesis: H0 - There is no significant effect of Vibhitaka Majja Taila in the management of Premature Greying of Hair (Akaal Palitya)

Alternative hypothesis: H1 - There is a significant effect of Vibhitaka Majja Taila in the management of Premature Greying of Hair (Akaal Palitya)

Study Design: This study was designed as a clinical study and the sample was selected by a simple random sampling technique.

Sample Size: Total 40 patients (20 patients in each group).

Duration of study: 3 months

Place of study: Department of Swasthvritta, Pt. Khushilal Sharma Govt. (Autonomous) Ayurveda College and Institute, Bhopal.

Criteria for diagnosis

The patients presented with Graying of Hair with onset before the age of 25 years.

Criteria for inclusion

1. Palitya patients between the age group of 15 – 25 years of either sex.
2. Patients who have not used hair dye/mehndi for the last 6 months.
3. Patients who are willing to sign the written consent form.

Criteria for exclusion

1. Patients with age below 15 years and, above 25 years.
2. Patients with pernicious anemia and any other autoimmune disease.
3. Known cases of hormonal, hepatic, and renal disorders.
4. Patients on chemotherapy.
5. Patients use dyes and mehndi regularly.
6. Pregnant and Lactating women

Investigations

Serum Ferritin was done before and after Treatment.(Blood sample was collected upto 3 ml as per requirement)

Grouping

Group A: Trial group
20 patients of this group were advised to administer 2-2 Drops of Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya in each nostril [Pratimarsha Nasya] twice a day preferably in the morning and evening time.

Group B: Placebo control group
20 patients of this group were advised to administer 2-2 Drops of normal Saline Water Nasya in each nostril twice a day preferably in the morning and evening time.


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Reshma Shekh et al. Efficacy of Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya in Premature Graying of Hair

All the patients of both groups were advised to avoid Pitta Vardhaka Ahara Vihara, junk food, oily food as well as harmful chemical cosmetic products like shampoo, oil, gel, etc. on hair.

Assessment criteria

The assessment was done based on subjective and objective parameters before, after treatment.

Subjective Parameter

To assess the subjective features of Premature Greying of Hair, clinical symptoms which so ever have been presented by the patients have been graded into four grades (0-3) scale based on severity.

Objective Parameter

1. GSS Score (Greying Severity Score)
2. Serum ferritin

Ethical clearance

This study was started after the approval of the Institutional ethical committee of Pt. Khushilal Sharma Government Autonomous Ayurvedic College and Institute, Bhopal dated 29-12-2020. Before starting the trial written informed consent was taken with the freedom to withdraw from the study at any time without giving any reason.

CTRI Registration:

Present clinical study was registered in Clinical Trial Registry-India (CTRI). The registration number of present study is CTRI/2021/07/035015.

Observation and Result

In this present study total 40 patients of Akaal Palitya were registered, 20 in each group and this study was continued with 40 patients.

Age: In present study majority of the patients 62.5 % are in age group of 23 - 25 years followed by 35 % in the age group of 19-22 years and 2.5 % in the age group of 15-18 years. It may be due to dominance of Pitta in middle age and Palitya has been counted as characters of Pitta Prakriti.[8] (Table no.1)

Sex: Maximum patients i.e., 65% were female and rest were male. This observation indicates that Akaal Palitya is more common in females than males.

Ayurveda says that the females are in general, dominated by the Agni Tatva, whereas, naturally they are prone to more mental tension and worries owing to their sensitive and emotional nature due to this reason can cause Pitta Prakopa creates Palitya. Muhammad Saad et al. reported that prevalence of Premature Greying of Hair was higher among females as compared to males. (Table no.2)

Education and Occupation: Maximum i.e., 52.5 % patients were Graduate, 2.5% patients having High school and Higher secondary education, 37% patients were Post Graduate and 2.5% patients having Primary and Middle School education. It may be due to most of the cases belong to Pt. Khushilal Sharma Govt. Ayurveda College, Bhopal. (Table no.3) On considering the nature of occupation, it was found that maximum i.e., 95% patients were student, 2.5% patients were Agriculture work, 2.5% patients were in unemployed (Table no.4)

Prakriti: In the present study 55% patients were having VP Prakrati, 25% patients were having VK Prakriti, 20% patients were having PK Prakriti. This reveals that incidence of disease is maximum when there is dominance of Vata and Pitta in the body constitution. Akaal Palitya is a Vata Pittaj Vyadhi. So persons of Vata Pittaj Prakriti are more prone for the occurrence of this disease. Vagbhata, it has been clearly stated that the person with Vata Prakriti is more susceptible to have Alpakesha, Rukshatve and Chala Manasa (A. S. Sha. 8/9). Constitutionally the individuals of Pitta Prakriti normally have the premature Graying of the Hair and they are always having Hair loss (Ca.V.8/97, Su.Sha.4/68). Thus, the persons with Vata and Pitta Prakritis are more prone to have the diseases of Hair. (Table no. 5)

Type of water for head bath: 90% patients were using cold water for head bath, 10% patients were using hot water for head bath, all 30 patients (100%) were using hard water for head bath, and none of them were using soft water for head bath. This gives the conclusion that persons using hard water for head bath are more prone to get Palitya. (Table No.6)

Application of Hair shampoo, conditioner: 62.5% patients having using Hair shampoo 2 time/week, 20% patients having using Hair shampoo 3 time/week and 12.5% patients were daily uses in shampoo, and 5% patient not using Hair shampoo.


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Reshma Shekh et al. Efficacy of Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya in Premature Graying of Hair

70% patients having using Hair conditioner and 30% patients were not using Hair conditioner. In the present scenario, the cosmetic industry indicated that all brands of shampoos, and conditioners are forgetting the health of the Hair in the rush of business. Shampoo is designed to clean the scalp and remove excess oil. Year after year, Hair care companies continue to put chemicals and toxic ingredients in their products like parabens and formaldehyde might ring a bell. (Table no.7,8)

Application of Hair oil: In the present study it was found that 62.5% patients were using Hair oil 2 Time/week, 15% patients having using Hair oil daily, 12.5% patient having using Hair oil 3 time/week and 10% patients were not using Hair oil. (Table No.9). Benefits of applying oil on the head (Siroabhyanga) (Nitya) always becomes strong rooted, black and long, all senses of that person become healthy and proper nourishment of the Hairs, never falling off Hair and getting a good sleep. It is anointing the head with medicated oil, massaging the scalp mildly and then after taking a bath. Most of the patients were not applying oil in the scalp and Hair ultimately leads to Khalitya and Palitya.[9,10]

Emotional makeup: In the present study showed that 20% patient had normal nature, 75% patients had TAD, Chinta, Bhaya, Krodha nature, 5% patients had Jolly nature. Increases stress leads to the release of a chemical called norepinefhrine into the follicle. This chemical affects the melanocyte stem cells causing them to rapidly turn into pigment cell and move out of the Hair follicles leading to gray Hair. (Table No.10)

Clinical symptoms: As per the present study majority of the patients i.e., 90% Krishna Hair,7.5% Ash coloured Hair, 72.5% dryness visible, 95% no burning sensation in scalp, only 5% patient heaving burning sensation. (Table No. 11,12,13)

GSS (Greying severity score): 85% patients were found in between 1-20 scoring, 10% were found in between 40-59 scoring and only 5% patients were found 20-39 scoring on GSS. (Table No. 14)

Effect of therapy on subjective parameter i.e., General Signs and symptoms

Regarding the effect of therapy on clinical symptoms, in group A on intra group comparison significant reduction was found in all symptoms like colour of Hair, dry splitted Hair,

burning sensation on scalp except unctuous Hair while in group B significant reduction was not found.

On inter group comparison of group A and group B effect of treatment on colour of Hair, unctuous Hair, burning sensation on scalp except dry splitted Hair showed statistically insignificant differences. Comparing mean difference of these symptoms it is clear that Group A is better than group B. (Table no. 15)

Effect of therapy on objective parameters i.e., GSS score and Serum Ferritin

Considering the effect of therapy on objective parameter in group A, on intra group comparison significant reduction was found in all objective parameters like GSS score and serum ferritin while in group B significant reduction was not found.

On inter group comparison of Group A and Group B effect of treatment on GSS and Serum ferritin both the groups showed unequal result with statistically significant differences.

On the basis of mean difference of above said objective parameters we can say that Group A is better than Group B. (Table no.16,17)

Overall effect of therapy

The overall effect, in Group A, 1 (5%) patient showed moderate improvement while 2 (10%) shows mild improvement, 17 (85%) patients showed unchanged result, whereas none (0%) of patients showed marked improvement.

In Group B, 1 (5%) patient showed mild improvement, 19 (90%) patients showed unchanged result and none (0%) of patients showed moderate improvement, marked improvement. (Table no.18)

Table 1: Age wise distribution of Patients

Age (in year) No.No. of Patients.Percentage (%)
15-1812.5
19-221435
23-262562.5
Total40100

Table 2: Sex wise distribution of patient

SexNo. of PatientsPercentage (%)
Male1435
Female2665
Total40100

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Reshma Shekh et al. Efficacy of Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya in Premature Graying of Hair

Table 3: Education wise distribution of patients.

EducationNo. of PatientsPercentage (%)
Uneducated00
Primary12.5
Middle25
Higher Sec.12.5
Graduate2152.5
Post Graduate1537.5
Total40100

Table 4: Occupation wise distribution

OccupationNo. of PatientsPercentage (%)
Professional0000
Agriculture12.5
Service0000
Student3895
Unemployed12.5
Total40100

Table 5: Prakriti wise distribution of Patients

PrakritiNo. of PatientsPercentage (%)
VP2255
VK1025
PK820
VPK00
Total40100

Table 6: Distribution of patients by Type of water for head bath

Type of WaterNo. of PatientPercentage %
Hard Water3690
Normal Water410
Total40100

Table 7: Application of hair shampoo wise distribution

Application of shampooNo. of PatientPercentage %
Daily512.5
1 time/week00
2 time/week2562.5
3 time/week820
No25
Total40100

Table 8: Application of hair conditioner wise distribution

Application of conditionerNo. of PatientPercentage %
Yes1230
No2870
Total40100

Table 9: Application of hair oil wise distribution

Application of oilNo. of PatientPercentage %
Daily615
1 time/week00
2 time/week2562.5
3 time/week512.5
No410
Total40100

Table 10: Emotional makeup wise distribution of Patient

Emotional MakeupNo. of PatientsPercentage (%)
Normal820
Jolly25
TAD / (Bhaya, Chinta, Shoka, Krodha)3075
Total40100

Table 11: Distribution of patients based on colour of hair (Keshavarna)

Colour of hairNo. of PatientsPercentage (%)
Krishna Varna3690
Ash colored37.5
Yellowish12.5
Total40100

Table 12: Distribution of patients based on Sphutita Kesha Lakshana

Sphutita Kesha LakshanaNo. of PatientsPercentage (%)
Dryness visible2972.5
Dryness felt by touch25
Normal922.5
Total40100

Table 13: Distribution of patients based on Snigdha Sthool Lakshana

Snigdhasthool KeshNo. of PatientsPercentage (%)
Normal3075
Unctuous visible922.5
Unctuous felt by touch12.5
Unctuous Felt with splitted hairs00
Total40100

Table 14: GSS (Greying severity score) scoring wise distribution

GradeNo. of PatientsPercentage (%)
Grade 1 (< 20)3485
Grade 2 (20-40)25
Grade 3 (40-60)410
Grade 4 (60-80)00
Grade 5 (> 80)00
Total40100

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Table 15: Effect of treatment on Subjective parameters (Clinical Symptoms)

SymptomsGroupMeanMD%ReliefSDSEWilcoxon matched-pairsSigned &P value
BTAT
Colour of hairA
(n=20)		2.3001.9000.40082.600.47020.1051W=36.000
N=8p
P=0.0078
VS****
B
(n=20)		2.1502.0000.150093.020.48940.1094W=6.000
N=3p
P=0.2500
NS***
Mann- Witney U Statistic=2.000 p= >0.9999 NS***
Dry splitted hairA
(n=20)		2.0502.5500.500080.390.60480.1352W=85.000
N=16p
P=0.025
S***
B
(n=20)		1.6501.5500.100093.930.48940.1094W=13.000
N=12p
P=0.6221
NS***
Mann- Witney U Statistic =130.00 p=>0.0250 S****
Unctous thick hairA
(n=20)		1.1501.2000.050095.830.36630.08192W=1.000
N=1p
P=>0.9999
NS****
B
(n=20)		1.3001.15000.1500880.47020.1051W=6.000
N=3p
P=0.2500
NS***
Mann- Witney U Statistic=1.150 p = >0.0999 NS***
Burning on scalpA
(n=20)		1.2001.050-0.10087.50.41040.09177W=6.000
N=3p
P=0.2500
ES***
B
(n=20)		1.1501.0500.0500091.50.30780.0688W=1.000
N=1p
P=>0.999
NS***
Mann- Witney U Statistic =0.100 p =<0.05 NS****

Note: p <0.0001 ES****, p = 0.0001 to 0.001 ES***, p = 0.001 to 0.01 VS**, P= 0.01 to 0.05 S*, p >0.05 NS

Table 16: Effect of treatment on GSS Score

ParametersGroupMeanMDSDSEPaired t testP value
BTAT
GSS scoreA
(n=20)		19.81317.0462.76714.2193.1798.140<0.0001
ES***
B
(n=20)		12.28212.2660.01558.6971.9451.520-0.01550
NS***
Unpaired t test p=<0.0001, t =7.954ES ****

Note: p <0.0001 ES****, p = 0.0001 to 0.001 ES***, p = 0.001 to 0.01 VS**, P= 0.01 to 0.05 S*, p >0.05 NS

Table 17: Effect of treatment on Serum ferritin Score

ParametersGroupMeanMDSDSEPaired t testP value
BTAT
Serum FerritineA
(n=20)		105.72137.5331.42027.5746.1662.5000.0218
S***
B
(n=20)		115.34134.0218.68039.9458.9321.3280.2000
NS**
Unpaired t test 4.616, p =<0.0001 ES ****

Table 18: Overall effect of Therapy

EffectsGroup AGroup B
No. of pts.%No. of pts.%
Control (100%)0000
Marked Improvement (75% to < 100% relief)0000
Moderate Improvement (50% to < 75% relief)1500
Mild Improvement (25% to < 50% relief)21015
Unchanged (0 to <25% relief)17851995
Total2010020100

Discussion

Graying of Hair or Canities is a physiological phenomenon, essentially a part of chronological ageing. The term “Premature Graying of Hair” is used when Graying begins before the usual age of onset.[11]

In Ayurvedic classics elaborated description was not found about Akala Palitya. Acharyas had explained this disease under different headings as Kshudrarogadhikara and Kapala Roga. Acharya Charak and Acharya Sushrut have quoted Premature Graying of Hair as Akaala Palitya and mentioned it as Ras Dhatu Pradosaja Vikara.[12,13]

Palitya occurs at the stage of Vardhakya, but due to increased Ushma Guna of Pitta, Palitya symptoms are observed at early i.e., during young age.

The Sharir Ushma (heat) and Pitta of the body recourse to the region of the head which due to overwork and excessive grief or anger, tend to make the Hair grey, and such silvering of the Hair is called Palitya.[14]


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Charaka quoted excess Lavana Rasa Sevana during pregnancy is the causative factor for the Akaal-Palitaya. Although for the disease of Palitya, no specific Nidana are mentioned, but still on basis of Samprapti, Pitta Prakopaka Nidana, Rasadushti and Asthidusti pathology can be understood. Certain Nidanas of Kshudra Roga as well as Shirorogas can be also taken for better understanding of disease Palitya.

Probable mode of action of therapy

  • Acharya Charak has described that Nasa is the only gate way to Shirah so the medicine administered through Nasa can easily spread to Shirah and get absorbed. According to Ayurvedic point of view assimilation and transportation of Nasya drug take place through Shringataka Marma and reaches to local as well as general circulation.
  • Intra nasal delivery of drug bypasses the blood brain barrier to target CNS, reducing systemic exposure of drug. It also bypasses the hepatic first pass metabolism and drug can directly enter into systemic circulation.
  • Akaal Palitya is one among the Kapalgat Roga and caused by vitiation of mainly Pitta and Vata Doshas. Increased Vata Doshas leads to symptoms like Ruksha and Sphutitha Hair and vitiated Pitta leads to Daha and Graying of Hair.
  • In present study Vibhitaka Majja Taila is used for Pratimarsha Nasya. Oil has Snigdha, Ushna and Sukshma properties which clears the Srotas and subside the Doshas specially Madhura, Amla Rasa and Madhura Vipaka of Vibhitaka pacifies the Vata and Pitta Dosha and thus relieves the symptoms.
  • Pratimarsha Nasya, being the Snehana and Brihan Nasya it gives strength and nourishment to all the Dhatus and further stop the degeneration of Hair.
  • The action of Nasya Karma depends on the drug used. Vibhitaka fruits contains coloring agents like tannin, gallic acid, ellagic acid ethyle gallate and galloyl glucose which are responsible for the blackening of Hairs.

  • Oxidative stress leads to the loss of pigment producing stem cell, and releases the chemical norepinephrine into the follicle. Norepinephrine affects the melanocyte stem cell and produce gray / white Hair.

Polyphenols compound specially galic acid and ellagic acid present in Vibhitaki scavenges the free radical and reduces the oxidative stress. Thus, helpful in Premature Graying of Hair.

Conclusion

Akaal Palitya is a Rasapradoshaja Vyadhi occurs mainly due to vitiation of Pitta and Vata Dosha with involvement of Asthi Dhatu. Faulty Hair care methods, dislike for oleation, excessive use of harmful hair care products (shampoo and conditioner) as well as tension, anxiety, depression along with wrong dietetic habits, are the main aetiological factors of Akaal Palitya.

Pratimarsha Nasya of Vibhitaka Majja Taila had shown significant improvement in subjective parameter like colour of hair, dry splitted hair, burning on scalp as well as on objective parameter like GSS score and Serum Ferritine Level. Study group kept on Vibhitaka Majja Taila shown better effect than Placebo group with respect to subjective and objective parameters in Akaala Palitya.

It is observed that these selected interventions don’t have any side effect thus, Vibhitaka Majja Taila Nasya was recommended for management of Akaal Palitya (Premature graying of hair). Pratimarsha Nasya of Vibhitaka Majja Taila, being the Snehana and Brihan Nasya it gives strength and nourishment to all the Dhatus and if administered regularly will surely prevent the Akaal Palitya.

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