E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Phytochemical Components

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 8 AUGUST
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

A summarize review of few plants: Its Anti-Inflammatory properties due to their Phytochemical Components

Gupta P1*, Tiwari S2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.8.13

1* Polly Gupta, Associate Professor, Lucknow Model College of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

2 Shashank Tiwari, Director, Lucknow Model College of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

The aim of this review paper was to summarize some commonly available plants which have anti-inflammatory activity with their phytochemical constituents. The data were collected from Current Contents and Scientific Journals, which included in publications. In this paper, the plants have anti-inflammatory activity along with their phytochemical constituents and also mention the family, part used of the every plants. Herbal plants play a significant role in human health in relation to the prevention and treatment of inflammatory conditions. Herbal medicines are popular among the public and improvements in their formulation have resulted in a new generation of phytomedicines that are more potent than before. This paper highlights on the phytochemical constituents of anti-inflammatory activity of some herbal medicines used for treating inflammatory disorders and recent developments in various herbal species. The review gives a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory potential.

Keywords: Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Phytochemical Constituents, Medicinal Plants, Phytomedicines, Plants

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Polly Gupta, Associate Professor, , Lucknow Model College of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Email: 		Gupta P, Tiwari S, A summarize review of few plants: Its Anti-Inflammatory properties due to their Phytochemical Components. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(8):83-97.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3457

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-07-13 2024-07-23 2024-07-31 2024-08-13 2024-08-21
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None Nil Yes 13.98

© 2024by Gupta P, Tiwari Sand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

Inflammation is the reaction of vascularized living tissues to local injury. It is a pathophysiology response in which the tissue and their cell comprises a series of changes in the terminal vascular bed, in blood and in connective tissues with the purpose of eliminating the offending irritant and to repair the damaged tissue. India is one of the 12th mega biodiversity centers having over 45,000 plant species. About 1500 plants with medicinal uses are mentioned in ancient texts and around 800 plants have been used in traditional medicine.[1] However, India has failed to make an impact in the global market with drugs derived from plants and the gap between India and other countries is widening rapidly in the herbal field.[2] The export of herbal medicine from India is negligible despite the fact that the country has a rich traditional knowledge and heritage of herbal medicine.[2] In this review an attempt has been made out to compile the anti-inflammatory medicinal plants with their prominent chemical ingredients and phytochemical constituents. Inflammation is a pathophysiological response to injury, infection or destruction characterized by heat, redness, pain, swelling and disturbed functions.

Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue injury caused by physical trauma, noxious chemical or microbial agents. It is the body response to inactivate or destroy the invading organisms, to remove irritants and set stage for tissue repair. It is triggered by the release of chemical mediators from injured tissue and migrating cells.[3] The most commonly used drug for management of inflammatory conditions are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have several adverse effects especially gastric irritation leading to formation of gastric ulcers.[4] In modern times trend towards use of alternative and complementary medicine is increasing and it offers unprecedented opportunities for development of herbal medicine. Herbal plants play a significant role in human health in relation to prevention and treatment of inflammatory conditions. These medicines are popular among the public and improvements in herbal formulation have resulted in a new generation of phytomedicines that are more potent than before. The aim of this review paper was to summarize some commonly available plants which have anti-inflammatory activity with their phytochemical constituents. The data were collected from Current Contents and Scientific Journals, which included in publications.

Table 1: List of plants having anti-inflammatory activity along with their phytochemical constituents

SNHerbs NameFamilyPart Used as Anti-inflammatoryPhytochemical ConstituentsReferences
1.Sida cardifoliaMalvaceaeRoots, Aerial partsEphedrine, Saponine, Choline Pseudoephedrine, Betaphenethylamine, Vasicine, Hypaphorine, Ecdysterone and related Indole alkaloides. Palmitic, Stearic and β – sitosterol, Hexacosanoic acids, 6-phenyl ethyl amine, Carboxylated tryptomines, Qunazoline, Hypaphorine, Vasicinol.5,6,7
2.Cassia fistula L.CaesalpiniaceaeBarks, LeavesFlavonol glycosides: 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-6, 8dimethoxyflavone-3-O-α-arabinopyranoside. Xanthone glycoside: 1,8-dihydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone-4-O- α-L-rhamnosyl(1→2)-Oβ-D-glucopyranoside. Sennosides A & B, Hentriacontanoic, Triacontanoic, Nonacosanoic, Heptacosanoic acids.8,9.10
3.Sesbania sesban LinnLegunminosaeLeaves3-o-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid, Ilexoside XL VIII cholesterol, Campesterol, β-sitosterol. Others: Lupeol, α-amyrin, Galactomannan, Stigmasta-5, Cholesterol, Campesterol, β-sitosterol, Linoleic acid, Oleic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Lignoceric acid.11
4.Ricinus communis Linn.EuphorbiaceaeLeaves, RootsSteroids, Saponins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and Glycosides. Alkaloids: Ricinine and N-demethylricinine, and FlavonesGlycosides: Kaempferol-3-O kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Quercetin, Xylopyranoside, Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Kaempferol O-β-rutinoside and Quercetin-3-O-β- monoterpenoids (1, 8-cineole, camphor and α sesquiterpenoid (β-caryophyllene), Gallic acid, Quercetin, Gentisic acid, Rutin, Epicatechin and Ellagic acid are the major phenolic compounds. Indole-3-acetic acid.12,13,14

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5.Phyllanthus emblicEuphorbiaceaeFruitsHydrolysable tannins:Emblicanin A, Emblicanin B, punigluconin, pedunculagin. Flavonoids: (Kaempferol O alpha L (6” methyl) rhamnopyranoside, Kaempferol 3 O alpha L (6” ethyl) amnopyranoside. Alkaloids: Phyllantidine and Phyllantine. Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, 1‐Ogalloyl‐beta‐D‐glucose, 3,6‐di‐O‐galloyl‐D‐glucose, Chebulinic acid, Quercetin, Chebulagic acid, Corilagin together with Isostrictinnin.15,16.17
6.Albizia lebbeckLeguminosaeBarksTannins, Catechin, isomer of Leucocyanidin, Melacacidin, Leucoanthracyanidine, Lebbecacidin, Friedelin, β-setosterol, Butulinic acid and Glycosides. Saponins- Albizia Saponin A,B and C Phenolic glycosides- albizinin18
7.Bauhinia variegate Linn.LeguminosaeNon woody aerial partFlavanoids:
Kaempferol, Ombuin, Kaempferol 7,4’-dimethyether-3-o-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-o-β-D-glupyranoside, Isorhanetin-3-o-β-D-glucopyronoside, Hesperidin, Triterpene caffeate, 3β trans-(3,4 dihydrooxycinnamoyloxy) olean-12-en-28-oic acid. Novel flavanol glycosides: 5,7,3’4’ tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-7-o-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-3)-o-β-d-galactopyranoside.		19,20
8.Achyranthes asperaAmaranthceaeSeeds, Rootsα-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1_4)-(β- Dglucopyranosyluronicacid)-(1_3)-oleanolic acid, α-L rhamnopyranosyl-(1_4)-(β- Dglucopyranosyluronicacid)-(1_3)-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D- glucopyranoside and α-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1_4)-(β-Dglucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1_3)-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-(1_4)-β-Dglucopyranoside, Betaine, Achyranthine, Hentriacontane, Ecdysterone, Achyranthes Saponins A,B,C,D are the major chemical constituents Strigmasta-5, 22-dien-3-β-ol, trans-13-docasenoic acid, n-hexacosanyl n-decaniate, n-hexacos-17-enoic acid and n-hexacos-11-enoic acid, Strigmasta-5, 22-dien-3-β-ol is a Phytosterol21,22,23, 24
9.Amomum Subulatum RoxbZingiberaceaeWhole plantsGlycosides such as Subulin, Petunidin-3,5-diglucoside, Leucocyanadin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside along with Cardamom and Alpinetin, 1-8, Cineole, α-terpinyl Acetate. Other constituents are α- and β-pinenen, Sabinene, p-cymene, Terpinen-4-ol, α- and β-terpineol, Nerolidol, Terpinene, Terpinyl acetate and Bisabolene, Protocatechualdehyde, 1,7-bis (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) hepta-4E,6E-dien-3-one, Protocatechuic acid, and 2,3,7-trihydroxy-5-(3,4- dihydroxy-E-styryl) -6,7,8,9- tetrahydro - 5H – benzocycloheptene, Protocatechualdehyde and Protocatechuic acid.25
10.Annona squamosalAnnonaceaeLeaves4-(2-nitro-ethyl 1)-1-6-((6-o-β-Dxylopyranosy1- β-D-glucopyranosyl)-oxy)benzene, Anonaine, BenzyltetrahydroisoquinolieBorneol, Camphene, Camphor, Car-3-ene, Carvone, β-caryphyllene, Eugenol, Farnesol, Geraniol, 16-Hetriacontanone, Hexacontanol, Higemamine, Isocorydine, Limonine, Linalool acetate, Menthone, Methyl anthranilate, Methylsalicylate, Methylheptenone, p-(hydroxybenzyl)-6,7-(2- hydroxy,4-hydro)isoquinoline, n-octacosanol, α- pinene, β-pinene, Rutin, Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, Thymol and n-triacontanol. Alkaloids ,proteins & amino acids are absent in the leaf extract.26
11.Hypericum triquetrifoliumHypericaceaeAerial part, LeavesHumulene cis-calamene δ-cadinene, Pinene, Caryophyllene oxide27,28
12.Hibiscus mutabilisMalvaceaeStem, Flowers, LeavesNaringenin-5,7-dimethyl ether,4’-β-D-xylopyranosyl- β-D-arabinopyranoside, and eriodictyol-5,7-dimethyl ether-4’-β-D- arabinopyranoside. Quercetin, Quercemeritrine, Quercetin-3-D-Xyloside, Quercetin-3-sambubioside, Isoquercetin, Meratrin, Hybridin, Kaempferol, Hyperin, Guaijaverin, Cyanidine-3-xlosyl glucose, Cyanidin-3-monoglucoside, Hibiscones, Hibiscoquinones. β-sitosterol, β-carotene, and Quercetin 3-sambubioside, Isoquercitrin, Hyperin , Quercetin 3-a-L-arabopyranoside (Guaijaverin) and Avicularin29,30
13.Moringa olieferaMoringaceaeStem, Leaves4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate, 4 hydroxymellein, Vanillin, β-sitosterone, Octasanic acid, β-sitosterol. Niazirin, Niazirrinin, 4-[4(4’-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl] isothiocyanate, Quercetin-3-O(6”-molonyl-glucoside), Kaemoferol-3-O-glucoside and Kaempferol-3-O-(6”-malonyl-glucoside.31,32
14.Caesalpinia pulcherrimaCaesalpiniaceaeLeaves, Root, Flower, Leaves sapCeasalpin, β-sitosterol, Sebacic acid, Quercimeritrin, Leukodelphinidin, Cyanin, Isovouacapenol, 6β-cinnamoyl-7β hydroxyvouacapen-5α-ol, α,β- butenolide moiety, 2,3-disubstituted furan.33

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15.Malvestrum
Coromandelianum		MalvaceaeAerial partβ-phenyletylamine, N-methyl-β-phenylethylamine, Dotriacontane, Dotriacontanol, β-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Campesterol, Lutein.34
16.Calendula officinalis Linn.AsteraceaeFlowersTriterpenoids: Sitosterols, Stigmasterols, Taraxasterol, Taraxasterol, Lupeol, Erythrodiol, Brein, Ursadiol, Faradiol-3-O-palmitate, Faradiol-3-O-myristate, Faradiol-3-O-laurate, Arnidiol-3-O-palmitate, Arnidiol-3-O-myristate, Arnidiol-3-O-laurate, Calenduladiol-3-O-palmitate, Calenduladiol-3-O-myristate, Oleanolic acid Saponins: Calenduloside, Oleanane. Triterpene glycoside: Calendulaglycoside A, Calendulaglycoside A6-O-n-methyl ester, Calendulaglycoside A6’-O-n-butyl ester, Calendulaglycoside B, Calendulaglycoside B 6-O-n-butyl ester, Calendulaglycoside C, Calendulaglycoside C 6-O-n-methyl ester, Calendulaglycoside C 6-O-n-butyl ester, Calenduloside F6-O-n-butyl ester, Calenduloside G6-O-n-methyl ester glucosides of Oleanolic acid and Glucuronides(mainly found in flowers and green parts)35,36
17.Abrus precatoriousFabeceaeLeavesPremotrin, Abrusides A,B,C and D, Sapogenol- abrisapogenol J, Sophradiol, 22-O-acetate, Hederagenin methyl ester, Kaikasaponin37,38
18.Litchi chinensis SapindaceaeFruitsCyanidin-3-rutinoside, Cyaniding-3-glucoside, Malvidin-3-acetylglucoside, Cyclopropanoic fatty acid, Palmitic acid, Linoleic acids, cis-7,8-metyllenehaxadecanoic, cis-5,6-methylene-tetrdecanoic, cis-3,4-methylene- tetradodecanoic acid, cis-3,4-methylenedodecanoic acids.39
19.Polygala japonica PolygalaceaeFlowering topsOleanane soponin: Saponin C and D, Astragalin, Kaempferol, 3-O-(6’’-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucoside and 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucoside Flavanoids glycosides: Kaempferol-3-O-[6”-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl) glucosid]40
20.Carthamus lanatus AsteraceaeAerial parts, SeedsSesquiterpene glycosides: Bisabolane fucoside and Trinor-bisabolane fucoside Eudesmane glycosides: Intermedeol-β-D-fucopyranoside, 2’α-methylbutyryl N-(p-methoxycinnamoyl)-serotonin-β-D-glucoside, Apigenin, Quercitrin.41
21.Ocimum sanctum Linn.LamiaceaeLeavesEugenol, Carvacrol and Sesquiterpine
Hydrocarbon, Caryophyllene, Cirsilineol, Circimaritin, Isothymusin, Apigenin and Rosameric acid. Two flavonoids: Orientin and Vicenin. Ursolic acid, Apigenin, Luteolin, Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, Luteolin-7-O glucuronide, Orientin and Molludistin, Sesquiterpenes and Monoterpenes viz., Bornyl acetate, α-elemene, Neral, α and β-pinenes, Camphene,
Campesterol, Cholesterol, Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol.		42,43
22.Terminalia
catappa 		CombretaceaeLeaves, bark
and fruits		Hydrolysable tannins: Terflavins A and B, Tergallagin and Tercatain, Punicalin, Punicalagin, Chebulagic acid, Geraniin, Granatin B, 1-desgalloyl eugeniin, Corilagin and 2,3-[(S)]4,4’,5,5’,6,6’-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-D-glucose.44
23.Sambucus ebulus AdoxaceaeWhole plantLauric, Myristic, Tetradecenoic, Heptadecenoic, Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic, Linoleic and Linolenic acids, Lectin- SNA-II, Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside.45
24.Helotropium
indicum		BoraginaceaeRoot, LeavesHeliotrine, Helindicine, Lycopsamine, Indicine, Iindicine-N-oxide, Acetylindicine, Heleurine, Supinine46
25.Costus speciosusCostaceaeRhizome, SeedsTwo new Furostanol Saponins: Costusosides I and J as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-(β-Dglucopyranosyl- 22α-methoxy (25R) furost-5-en-3β, 26-diol, β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside, Prosapogenins A and B of Dioscin, Dioscin, Gracillin, 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]- 22α-methoxy-(25R) furost-5-en-3β,26-diol, 24-hydroxytriacontan-26-one and 24-hydroxytriacontan-27-one with Methyl triacontanoate, Diosgenin, Sitosterol, 8-hydroxy triacontane-25-one and Methyl triacontanoate, β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside, Protodioscin and Methyl Protodioscin. 31-norcycloartanone, Cyloartanol, Cycloartenol and Cycloalaudenol.47
26.Foeniculum vulgareApiaceaeFruits and
stem		p-allylanisole, Anethole, y-cadinene, Thiujene, Camphene, Car-3-ene, p-cymene, Duraldehyde, p-propylanisole, Farnesene, Fenchone, Limonene, 1-methoxythylbenzene, 1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-α-propanone, Ocimene, β-phellandrene, α-and β-pinenes and Trimethylbicycloheptanol
Volatile oil: Petroselinic acid
Seed oil: Limonene and Trans anethole.		48

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27.Dodonaea viscoseSapindaceaeLeaves, FlowersLabdane-ent-15, 16-epoxy-9α-labda-13(16), 14-dien-3β, 8α-diol(I) and a new p-caumaric acid, ester of myoinositol-1-L-O-methyl-2-acetyl-3 p-caumarylmyoinositol(II). Penduletin, Quercetin, Isorhamnetic, Diviscogenin, 4-hydroxy-3,5-diprenylbenzaldehyde, Clemiscosins A and C, Fraxetin, Stearic acid and Syringic acid, β-sitosterol.49
28.Carica papayaCaricaceaeFruitsβ-carotenoids and Rutin50
29.Pluchea indica AsteraceaeRootsTerpenic glycosides: Plucheosides A and B, Linalyl glucoside, Linalylapiosyl glucoside and 9-hydroxylinalyl glucoside. Thiophene derivatives: 2-(prop-1-inyl)-5-(5,6-dihydroxyhexa-1,3-diinyl)-thiophene and 2-(prop-1-inyl)-5-(6-acetoxy-5-hydroxyhexa-1,3-diinyl)-thiophene, hop-17(21)-en-3β-yl acetate and Boehmeryl acetate.51
30.Calotropis
procera		ApocynaceaeRootsNew steroidal Hydroxylketone: Procesterol, C-6 and C-24 diepimer of stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-one Triterpene: Taraxast-20(30)-en-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenoate), Taraxasteryl acetate, Multiflorenol, Cyclosadol, Cycloart-23-en-3β, 25-diol, β-sitost-4-en-3-one, α and β-amrins, Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, C18-isoursane derivative(I).52
31.Boerhaavia DiffusaNyctaginaceaeWhole partTwo new Rotenoids:
Boeravinone A and Boeravinone B Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Campesterol, Heptadecylic, Oleic, Stearic, Arachidic, Behenic acid, 12a-hydroxyrotenoid-Boeravinone C, Repenone and Repenol, Liridendrin, Syringaresinol-β-D-glucoside, Boeravinones D,E,F, Borhavine characterized as methyl 3,10-dihydro-11-hydroxy-1-methoxy-4,6-dimethyl-10-oxo-1H-furo[3,4-b]xanthene-3-carboxylate.		53,54
32.Euphorbia prostrateEuphorbiaceaeWhole plantsRogosins A, B, D, E and G, Tellimagrandins I and II, Corilagin, Geraniin, galic acid, 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-D-glucose. Three new ellagitannins: Prostratins A, B and C, β-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Cycloart-3β,25-diol, Alanine, Isoleucine, 2-aminobutyric acid, Ornithine hydrochloride and Threonine.55
33.Phyllanthus amarusPhyllanthaceaeLeavesFour new Lignans: 2,3-desmethoxy seco-isolinteralin diacetate, Linnanthin and Demethylenedioxyniranthin, Phyllanthusiin D New cyclic tannin: Amarulone, Amariin, Geraniin, Corilagin, 1,6-digalloyl-β-D-glucoside, Rutin, Quercetin-3-O-glucoside.56
34.Bacopa monnieraScrophulariaceaeWhole plantsAlkaloids: Nicotinine, and Herpestine The isolation of D-mannitol and a Saponin, Hersaponin, Bacosides A, as 3-( α-L-arabinopyranosyl)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-10, 20-dihydroxy-16-keto-dammar-24-ene. Three new dammarane-type triterpenoid: Saponins A, B and C as 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-20-O-α-L-arabinopyrasonyl-jujubogenin,3-O-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl] pseudojujubogenin and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-{α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→2)}-α-L arabinopyrasonyl] The new dammarane: Pseudojujubogenin glycoside, Bacopasaponin D, defined as 3-O-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopiranosyl] Two new pseudojujubogenin glycosides: Bacopasides I and Bacopasides II. Three new Phenylethnoid Glycosidews,viz Monnierasides B Three new saponin: Bacopasides III, IV, V57
35.Cordia myxa BoraginaceaeFruit5,7-Dimethoxytaxifolin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(I), β-sitosterol, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Arachidonic acid, Behenic, Oleic and Linoleic acids and other Fatty acids, Kernels, Hesperetin-7-rhamnoside, Lup-20(29)-ene-3-O-β-D-maltoside(II), 3’,5-dihydroxy-4’-methoxy-flavanone-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, Allantoin isolated from stem barks, Taxifolin-3-rhamnoside isolated from seeds.58
36.Withania somniferaSolanaceaeLeaves5,20α-dihydroxy-6α,7α-epoxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide Nine new steroidal lactones: Withanolides E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L and M,20-hydroxy-1-oxo-20R,22R-with a-2,58(14),24-tetraenolide (Withanolide G), 20,27dihydroxy-1-oxo-20R,22R-witha-2,5,8(14), 24-tetraenolide (Withanolide H), 20-hydroxy-1-oxo-20R,22R-with a-3,5,8(14), 24-tetraenolide (Withanolide I), 17,20-dihydroxy-1-oxo-20S,22R-witha-2,5,8(14), 24-tetraenolide (Withanolide J), 17,20-hydroxy-1-oxo-20S,22R-with a-3,5,8(14), 24-tetraenolide(Withanolide K), 17,20-dihydroxy-1-oxo-20S,22R-witha-2,5,814,24-tetraenolide (Withanolide L), 17,20-dihydroxy-1-oxo-14,15α-epoxy-20S,22R-witha-2,5,8,24-tetraenolide (Withanolide M)59

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37.Argyreia speciosa Linn.f.ConvolvulaceaeRootsKaemperol, Kaemperol-3-o-lrhamnopyranoside. Two new flavone glycosides: 7,8,3’,4’,5’-pentahydroxyflavone5-o-α-lrhamnopyranoside and 7,8,3’,4’,5’-pentahydroxyflavone5- o-α-l-glucopyranoside, tetradecanyl palminate, 5, 8-oxidotetracosan-10-one, Stigmasteryl, Phydroxycinnamate and Hexadecanyl p-hydroxycinnmate along with Scopoletin, Palminate, Stearic, Linoleic, Linolenic, Myristoleic, Nonadecanoic, Eicosenoic, Eicosanoic, Heneicosanoic and Behenic acids, Ergometrin, Caffeic acid and Ethyl caffeate. Glutamic acid, Glycine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Praline and α-amino butyric acid, n-tricontanol, β- sitosterol, p-hydroxycinnamoyloctadecanolate and Caffeic acid.60
38.Morus alba MoraceaeLeavesDiel-Alder type adduct:
Mulberrofuran T and kuwanol E 2-arylbenzofuran-ɷ-hydroxymoracin N: Moracin C and Moracin N, β-amyrin, β-sitosterol, Bergapten, Scopoletin, and Umbelliferone, Isoquercitrin, Quercetin-3-O-(6”-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucoside, Astragalin and kaempferol-3-O-(6”-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucoside. Roots-1-deoxynojirimycin, N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin, Fagomine, 3-epifagomine, 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol, 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-arabinitol, 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol, Calystegin B2, Calystegin C1, 2-O- and 6-α-D-galactosyl-1-deoxynojirimycins and 2-O-,3-O, 4-O- and 6-O-β-D-glucosyl-1-deoxynojirimycins.		61
39.Barleria
prionitis 		AcanthaceaeWhole plantsScutellarein-7-rhamnosylglucoside isolated from flowers Iridoids: Barlerin, Acetylbarlerin62
40.Nyctanthes arbortristisOleaceaeLeavesIridoid: Nyctanthoside; Crocin-1-(β-digentiobioside ester of α-crocetin), and Crocin-3 (β-monogentibioside ester of α-crocetin), D-mannitol, Astrgalin, Nicotiflorin.63
41.Paederia foetidaRubiaceaeLeavesHentriacontane, Hentriacontanol, Methyl mercaptan Ceryl alcohol, Palmitic acid, Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Campesterol, Ursolic acid, Iridoid glycosides- Asperuloside, Paederoside and Scandoside.64
42.Pistacia integerrimaAnacardiaceaeWhole plantsα-pinene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, Car-3-ene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, Limonene, α-and β-terpineols Three tetracyclic terpenoids: Pistacigerrimones A, B, and C characterized as 20(R),24(R)3-oxo-9β-lanosta-1(2),7,24-trien-26-oic acid, 20(R),24(R)3-oxo-9β-lanosta-1(2),8,24-trien-26-oic acid and 20(R),24(R)3-oxo-tirucalla-1(2),24-dien-26-oic acid Tetracyclic triterpenes: Pistacigerrimones D, E and F65
43.Eugenia unifloraMyrtaceaeLeavesSelina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one, Oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one.66
44.Arnebia euchromaBoraginaceaeRootsCaffeic acid Tetramers: 1,2-dihydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1-(3’,4’-dihydroxyphenyl)naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, 3-(3’,4’-dihyroxyphenyl)-(R)-lactic acid, deoxyshikonin, β,β-dimethylacryishikonin, Acetylshikonin, Tetracrylshikonin, Shikonin, β-hydroxy-isovalerylshikonin. Phenolics: Arnebinol, Shikonofuran, de-O-methyllasiodiplodin. Quinones: Arnebinone and Arnebifuranone, Mannose, Galactose, Glucose, Rhamnose, Fucose, Arabinose.67
45.Euphorbia LacteaEuphorbiaceaeLatex24-Methylenecycloartenol, Euphorbol hexacosanoate, Tinyatoxin and 12-deoxyphorbol-13,20-diacetate.68
46.Coccinia indicaCucurbitaceaeFruitsTaraxerone, taraxerol, and (24R)-24- ethylcholest- 5- en- 3β- ol glucoside, Β- carotene, Lycopene, Cryptoxanthin, and Apo- 6’- lycopenal, β- sitosterol and Taraxerol, Triterpenoid, Saponin Coccinioside – k(i). C41H66O12, Flavonoid glycoside ombuin 3-o- arabinofuranoside, 3- o- β- (α-l- arabinopyranosyl)-(1→2) –β-d-glucopyranosyl- (1→3)- β- hydroxylup – 20(29)- en-28- oic acid, Lupeol, β-amyrin, and β- sitosterol, Stigmast -7- en-3-one, Cephalandrol, C29H58O tritriacontane C33H68 Β- sitosterol alkaloids Cephalandrine a and Cephalandrine b, Aspartic acid, Glutamic Acid, Asparagine, Tyrosine, Histidine, Phenylalanine and Threonine,Valine.69
47.Wedelia chinensisAsteraceaeLeavesIsoflavonoids: .Norwedelic acid (III) (5, 6-dihydroxy-2 (2’, 4’, 6’-trihydroxyphenyl)-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid. Bisdesmisidic oleanolic acid saponin: β -D-glucopyranosyl-3-o-[o-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)- β -D-Gl u c u r o n o p y r a n o s y l ] o l e a n o l a t e (I V) , β -D-glucopyranosyl 3β-[(o-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→)-(pD-glucuronopyranosyl)]-olean-12-en-28 oate) (V)73
48.Curcuma longaZingiberaceaeRoot1,8-Cineole, 2-bornanol, 2-hydroxy methyl-antraquinone, 4-hydroxy-cinnamoyl-methane, alpha-pinene, Arabinose, Beta-carotene, Bis-demethoxycurcumin, bisabolene, bixin, cinnamic acid, curcuminol, cuminyl alcohol, cryophyllene, eugenol, epi-percumenol, Feruloyl-p-coumaroyl-methane, L-alpha-curcumene, monodesmethoxycurcumin, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid.74

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Conclusion

In terms of the prevention and treatment of inflammatory disorders, herbal plants are important to human health. The public enjoys using herbal remedies, and advances in their composition have led to a new generation of phytomedicines that are stronger than earlier versions. This essay focuses on the phytochemical components that give some herbal medications their anti-inflammatory properties, as well as on recent advancements in a variety of herbal species. The paper provides a thorough summary of the phytochemical components of medicinal plants with promise for reducing inflammation.

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