E-ISSN:2456-3110

Research Article

Activity of Karnasphotha

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 6 JUNE
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

In Vitro Anti-Dandruff Activity of Karnasphotha (Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn.) against Malassezia furfur

Sarojini D Byadigi1*, Ashwini Kochari2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.6.8

1* Sarojini D Byadigi, Professor, Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, SNVVS’S SGV Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Bailhongal, Karnataka, India.

2 Ashwini Kochari, BAMS Scholar, SNVVS’S SGV Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Bailhongal, Karnataka, India.

Background: Dandruff is a common skin condition that mainly affects the scalp. Almost half of the population at the pre-pubertal age and of any gender and ethnicity will be affected. It was discovered that the responsible agent is a scalp specific fungus, Malassezia globosa. Karnasphotha (Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn.) commonly known as Balloon vine from Sapindaceae family is traditionally used for dandruff. So here an attempt is made to study the in vitro efficacy of Karnasphota (Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn.) decoction against dandruff.

Aims and Objectives: In vitro Antidandruff activity of Karnasphota Mula and Beeja by Agar cup method and Biocidal activity.

Methodology: In vitro Antidandruff activity of Karnasphota (Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn.) Bija and Mula Kwatha against dandruff by – Agar cup method and Biocidal activity.

Result: The Karnasphotha Moola showed good antidandruff activity against Malassezia furfur in different concentrations. Whereas Karnasphotha Beeja showed no antidandruff activity against Malassezia furfur in any concentrations.

Conclusion: The Karnasphotha Moola is having significant Antidandruff properties.

Keywords: Dandruff, Malassezia globosa, Karnasphota, Agar cup method, Biocidal activity

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Sarojini D Byadigi, Professor, Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, SNVVS’S SGV Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Bailhongal, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Sarojini D Byadigi, Ashwini Kochari, In Vitro Anti-Dandruff Activity of Karnasphotha (Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn.) against Malassezia furfur. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(6):61-66.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3480

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-04-04 2024-04-15 2024-04-25 2024-05-06 2024-05-17
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Authors state no conflict of interest. Non Funded. The conducted research is not related to either human or animals use. 12.45 All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

© 2024by Sarojini D Byadigi, Ashwini Kochariand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Ashwini Kochari et al. In Vitro Anti-Dandruff Activity of Karnasphotha

Introduction

Dandruff is a common skin condition that mainly affects the scalp.[1] Almost half of the population at the pre-pubertal age and of any gender and ethnicity will be affected.[2]

No population in any geographical region would have passed through freely without being affected by dandruff at some stage in their life.[3]

The word dandruff (dandruff, dandriffe) is of Anglo-Saxon origin, a combination of ‘tan’ meaning ‘tetter’ and ‘drof’ meaning ‘dirty’. Dandruff affects aesthetic value and often causes itching.[4]

The severity of dandruff may fluctuate with season as it often worsens in winter.[5] The extrapolated prevalence of Dandruff in India is 195,785,036.[6]

Symptoms include flaking and sometimes mild itchiness.[7] Older literature cites the fungus Malassezia furfur (previously known as Pityrosporum ovale) as the cause of dandruff. It was discovered that the responsible agent is a scalp specific fungus, Malassezia globosa,[8] that metabolizes triglycerides present in sebum by the expression of lipase, resulting in a lipid byproduct: oleic acid. During dandruff, the levels of Malassezia increase by 1.5 to 2 times its normal level.[9]

Oleic acid penetrates the top layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, and evokes an inflammatory response in susceptible people which disturbs homeostasis and results in erratic cleavage of stratum corneum cells. The main symptoms of dandruff are an itchy scalp and flakiness.[10]

Red and greasy patches of skin and a tingly feeling on the skin are also symptoms. Treatment available is shampoos with combination of special ingredients to control dandruff.[11]

Antifungal treatments including ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, antimicrobials-selenium disulfide, steroids and regulators of keratanization have been found to be effective. In spite of this reoccurrence of dandruff is reported. Ayurveda explains many remedies to combat hair problems under Keshya Karma. One among is Karnasphotha. Karnasphotha (Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn.) commonly known as Balloon vine from Sapindaceae family, A climbing tendril bearing herb with wiry stem throughout plains of India.

Branches slender and leaves deltoid, 2-ternate, petioles 2-3.8 cm long and flowers are white. Seeds are globose.[12]

Chemically plant has: saponin, quebrachitol, apigenin, proanthocyanidin and stigmasterol.[13] Rajanighantukara explains the properties of Karnasphotha as Katu Tikta Rasayukta, Shita Virya, and Karma as Sarvavishapaha and indicated in Graha and Bhuta Roga.[14]

Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India has explained the Karma of Karnasphotha (seed and root) as Keshya.[15] Traditionally, the herb is used in hair oils for treating dandruff, alopecia and for darkening hair. The leaf paste is applied on domestic animals to kill lice and other insects.[16]

Sahasrayogaunder Taila Yoga Prakarana, explains the formulation named Nili Bhringadi Taila containing Swarasa of Karnasphotha (Shatakaratulata).[17] So here an attempt is made to study the in vitro efficacy of Karnasphota (Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn.) decoction against dandruff.

Objectives

1. Collection and preparation of Kwatha of Karnasphotha (Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn.) by decoction method of Root and Seed as per API.
2. Collection of Dandruff flakes from subjects and isolation of Fungi.
3. In vitro Antidandruff activity – Agar cup method and Biocidal activity.

Hypothesis

H0: Karnasphotha (Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn.) Kwatha is not having antidandruff effect.

H1: Karnasphotha(Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn) Kwatha is having antidandruff effect.

Methodology

Type of study: Experimental study

Collection of study drug

Root and Seeds of Karnasphotha (Cardiospermum helicacabum Linn.) were collected from fields of Bailhongal and authenticated by Dr. S.V. Bagade, Professor and HOD Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, SNVVS’s SGV Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital, Research Center, Bailhongal.


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Ashwini Kochari et al. In Vitro Anti-Dandruff Activity of Karnasphotha

Image 1: Karnasphotha
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Image 2: Karnasphotha Moola
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Image 3: Karnasphotha Beeja
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Preparation of Kwatha Churna:

Image 4: Weighing of Karnasphotha Beeja
jaims_3480_04.jpg

The root and seeds were shade dried weighed and powdered coarsely following the SOP of API.

Image 5: Kwatha Churna of Karnasphotha Beeja
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Image 6: Weighing of Karnasphotha Moola
jaims_3480_06.jpg

Image 7: Kwatha Churna of Karnasphotha Beeja
jaims_3480_07.jpg

Collection of Dandruff

Samples of dandruff were collected from volunteers by scraping the scalp with sterile scalpel and stored in sterile container.


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Image 8,9,10: Showing the collection of dandruff
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jaims_3480_09.jpg

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Isolation of Fungi in Pure culture

The dandruff collected was inoculated on sterile Sabouraud dextrose agar plate. It was incubated at 32ºc to 37ºc for 3-5 days. Characteristic white growths around the flakes were indicative of an organism causing dandruff.

Table 4: Chemicals and Media

ChemicalLot/Cat No.Manufacturer
Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA)MM1067Himedia, India
Sodium chlorideMB023Himedia, India

Table 5: Equipments

SNName of the InstrumentMakeInstrument ID
1.Weighing BalanceOrion Automation SystemsRRS/INS/MCR/05
2.Autoclave (Sterilization)Ascension Innovation IndiaRRS/INS/MCR/10
3.Autoclave (decontamination)Ascension Innovation IndiaRRS/INS/MCR/20
4.Bacteriological Incubator -IIBiovision India /BVL 01RRS/INS/MCR/21
5.Biological Safety Cabinet-IIThermoconRRS/INS/MCR/27
6.Fungal incubatorAscension Innovation IndiaRRS/INS/MCR/08
7.Micropipettes 2-200 μl 100-1000 μlGilson
Gilson		RRS/INS/MCR/11
RRS/INS/MCR/25
8.RefrigeratorLG India / GL 191PMEHRRS/INS/MCR/02

Growth and Identification

The organism was identified based on cultural, microscopic and biochemical methods. The colonies were identified as Malassezia furfur, identified fungal species of Malassezia furfur was isolated by pure culture in Sabouraud dextrose agar medium with added chloramphenicol.

The agar provides a selective media for the growth of medically significant fungi while the antibiotic chloramphenicol serves to inhibit the growth of unwanted bacterial floras (Sabouraud, 1892).

Preparation of test sample

Test sample was prepared at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% in distilled water for conducting zone of inhibition.

Method

Evaluation of Antidandruff Activity against M. furfur By Zone of Inhibition By Agar Cup Plate Method. On sterile SDA plates were prepared and wells are made using sterile borer. Plates were spread with inoculum of M. furfur. In each plate 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of test sample (Karnasphotha Moola) was loaded using micropipette. All plates were incubated at 30 ±2°C for 72hours. After incubation, the zone of inhibition around the well was measured and antimicrobial activity was determined. The same procedure repeated for Karnasphotha Beeja.


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Result

Image 11 A & B:Antidandruff activity of test sample by zone of inhibition using agar cup plate method.

jaims_3480_11.jpg
A (Beeja)

jaims_3480_12.jpg
B (Moola)

Table 6: Antidandruff activity of test sample by zone of inhibition using agar cup plate method

SamplesSample Codeconc. of test sample in (%)zone of inhibition in (mm)
Karnasphotha BeejaRR230698100No inhibition
75No inhibition
50No inhibition
25No inhibition
Karnasphotha MoolaRR23069910017mm
7516mm
5014mm
2513mm

The Karnasphotha Moola showed good antidandruff activity against Malassezia furfur. The antidandruff activity was found to be concentration dependent. In 100% concentration, the highest inhibition zone of 17 mm diameter clear zone was noticed against Malassezia furfur. In 75% concentration, Karnasphotha Moola showed activity of 16 mm inhibition zone,

in 50% concentration, Karnasphotha Moola showed activity of 14 mm inhibition zone and in 25% concentration, Karnasphotha Moola showed activity of 13 mm inhibition zone against Malassezia furfur. Whereas Karnasphotha Beeja showed no antidandruff activity against Malassezia furfur in any concentrations.

Discussion

The overall goal of the present study was to know which part of the plant Karnasphotha is having antidandruff property. API explains Karma of Moola and Beeja as Keshya but present study confirms that Moola of Karnasphotha is having antidandruff property against Malassezia furfur.

Karnasphotha is having Katu, Tikta Rasa Katu Vipaka acts as Prakruti Vighatana Chikitsa for Krimi and hence same can be proposed for its antidandruff activity. Its Prakruti Vighata action prevents new formation of dandruff and also removes Nidana for it. Its Vishahara property helps in healing dandruff.

Conclusion

The antidandruff activity of Karnaspota Moola was tested by MIC against M. furfur indicated as recorded in Table No.6. Hence, it shall be concluded that the test sample is having significant Antidandruff properties.

The antidandruff activity of Karnaspota Beeja was tested by MIC tested against M. furfur indicated as recorded in Table No.6. Hence, it shall be concluded that the test sample is not having significant Antidandruff properties.

Acknowledgement

We acknowledge CCRAS Spark for funding for the research project.

References

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11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandruff

12. Kirtikar K K, Basu B D. Indian Medicinal plants. International book distributors 1993 Year, page no.622-625.

13. Deepan T, Alekhya V, Saravanakumar P, Dhanaraju MD. Phytochemical and Anti- Microbial Studies on the Leaves Extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum Adv. Biol. Res., 2012; 6(1): 14-18

14. Rajnighantu with Dravyagunaprakashika hindi vyakhya by Indradev Tripathi, Choukhamba krishnadas academy,Varanasi, (136-137) pp 58.

15. http://www.ayurveda.hu/api/API-Vol-5.pdf

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