E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Good Health

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 9 SEPTEMBER
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Contribution of Ayurveda to achieve Sustainability Development Goal-03 “Good Health and Well Being”

Rangaswamy N1*, MB Gaur2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.9.36

1* Rangaswamy N, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kriya Sharir, Ch Brahma Prakash Ayurveda Charaka Sansthan, New Delhi, India.

2 MB Gaur, Director- Principal, Professor and HOD, Department of Kriya Sharir, Ch Brahma Prakash Ayurveda Charaka Sansthan, New Delhi, India.

Ayurveda is an ancient Indian Medical Science which was developed by the cumulative efforts of our ancient Rishis and is still practiced for over 3000 years. Ayurveda is Life Science. Ayurveda teaches a range of practices and natural remedies for leading a healthy lifestyle. Ayurveda is known for its therapeutic, promotive and curative concepts. Western medicine is the most conventional form of treatment across the globe today. However, the role of Ayurveda in health and well-being has started gaining worldwide acceptance after it was recognized by WHO as a Traditional medicine system by virtue of its essential elements of health, qualitative strength, and important clues for consistent functioning of life. Ayurveda medicines are time and again proved as medicines with least side effects. It is a holistic approach to cure the root cause and not just the symptoms. Ayurveda mainly focuses in preventing the diseases in a healthy person and treating the disease of an ill. Sustainable Development - Goal 3 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all, at all ages. Health and well being are important at every stage of one’s life. Sustainable Developmental Goal-3 addresses all major health priorities:- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent health; communicable and non-communicable diseases; universal health coverage and access for all to safe, effective, quality and affordable medicines and vaccines. The Sustainable Development Goals makes a bold commitment to end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other communicable diseases by 2030.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Rasayana, Vajeekarana, Janapadodwamsa, Aupasargika Roga

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Rangaswamy N, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kriya Sharir, Ch Brahma Prakash Ayurveda Charaka Sansthan, New Delhi, , India.
Email: 		Rangaswamy N, MB Gaur, Contribution of Ayurveda to achieve Sustainability Development Goal-03 “Good Health and Well Being”. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(9):219-227.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3578

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-08-11 2024-08-21 2024-08-31 2024-09-11 2024-09-19
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None Nil Yes 12.98

© 2024by Rangaswamy N, MB Gaurand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

The concept of healthy living in Ayurveda is very simple and is supported by scientific principles that one must follow for optimal health and wellbeing. Nowadays people are becoming much more aware of healthy lifestyle and immune system. The concept of holistic healing taking into account the mind, body and spirit is being well accepted worldwide. Ayurveda has evolved from ancient traditional practice to scientifically proven modern recent advancement. This has made Ayurveda more attractive than conventional system of medicine in many parts of the world.

Aim and Objectives

1. Aim - The role of Ayurveda to ensure healthy lifestyle and promote wellbeing for all at all ages.
2. The United Nations Organization (UNO) has defined 13 targets for Sustainability Development Goal-3. To achieve these with the help of Ayurveda itself is the main objective. These are as follows:

  • Reduce maternal mortality.
  • End all preventable deaths under 5 years of age.
  • Fight communicable diseases
  • Reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases and promote mental health.
  • Prevent and treat substance abuse.
  • Reduce road injuries and death.
  • Universal access to sexual and reproductive care, family planning and education.
  • Achieve universal health coverage
  • Reduce illness and death from hazardous chemicals and pollution.
  • Implement the WHO Framework convention on tobacco control.
  • Support research, development and universal access to affordable access to vaccines and medicines.
  • Improve early warning systems for global health.

Materials and Methods

All the materials and data are collected from ancient treaties, Ayurvedic books, Research Papers under Google Scholars, PubMed, Research Gate etc., search engines, Official websites like WHO, UNO, Ministry Of AYUSH, and related Articles based on the integration of SDG-3 and Ayurveda.

Sustainable Development Goal - 3 and Ayurveda

Sustainable development goal -3 (SDG-3) regarding “Good Health and Well Being” is one of the 17 sustainable developmental goals established by the United Nations in 2015. SDG-3 aims to achieve universal health coverage and equitable access of health care services to all.13 targets are defined under SDG-3. Among them the first 09 targets are outcome targets.

  • Reduce Maternal Mortality

Pregnancy and childbirth are one of the most critical events in woman’s life cycle that maintains the continuity and existence of human race. South-Asian countries have a high maternal mortality ratios across the globe.

Ayurveda lays great emphasizes on ensuring a holistic approach in terms of Ahara (food), Vihara (Lifestyle), Vichara (Deliberation) and Aushadha (Medicines) in maternal management. Ayurveda quotes Garbhini Paricharya (Antenatal Care), Sutika Paricharya (Postnatal Care) where the complete care of a woman from the time of Garbha Dharana (Conception) to till the completion of Sutika Kala (Postpartum period) is mentioned.


Table 1: Garbhini Paricharya (Special Regimen during the period of Gestation)

MonthAccording to Charaka[1]According to Sushrutha[2]
01st MonthIn first month even if suspecting pregnancy should take frequently unprocessed cold milk and take wholesome food morning and evening.During the first three months of pregnancy an expectant mother should take the food rich in sweet, cool and liquid articles
02nd MonthIn second month of pregnancy, milk impregnated with Madhura
Siddha (sweet group of drugs).
03rd MonthThird month - During third month of pregnancy, milk added with honey and ghee.
04th MonthDuring fourth month of pregnancy, should take one Aksha (approximately 10 gm) butter extracted from milk.Food largely composed of milk and butter, as well as relishing (Hridya) food with the Jangala Mamsa Rasa should be given to her in the fourth

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05th MonthIn fifth month of pregnancy, ghee made from milk butter.Food with milk and ghee in the fifth
06th MonthDuring sixth month of pregnancy, ghee made from milk butter processed with Madhura Siddha (sweet group of drugs).Adequate quantity of ghee prepared with Svadamstra, or Yavagu (gruel) in the sixth
07th MonthDuring seventh month of pregnancy, she should be given the same described in sixth month.Ghee prepared with the decoction of the Prithakparnädi Gana in the seventh month of gestation.
08th MonthDuring eighth month of pregnancy, she should be given Ksheera Yavagu (gruel cooked with milk) and added with Ghee during meal time.In 8th month, for the purpose of restoring the Vayu to the normalcy and for the cleansing of the bowels, the expectant mother should be given an Asthapana composed of a decoction of Badara mixed with Bala, Atibala, Shatapushpa, Palala (flesh), milk, cream of curd, oil, Saindhava salt, Madana fruit, honey and ghee. After that she should have an Anuvasana (enema) made up of oil prepared with milk and decoction of the drugs known as the Madhurādi Gana. This restores the Vayu to its normalcy, which brings on an easy and natural parturition without any puerperal disorders.
09th MonthDuring ninth month of pregnancy, she should be given Anuvasana Basti (unctuous enema) with oil processed with drugs of Madhura Aushadha (sweet taste group). This very oil should be used as tampon to be placed in passage of foetus (vaginal canal) for its lubrication.Henceforth up to the time of delivery the expectant mother should have Yavagu made up of Sneha Dravya (fats and soup of the flesh of Jangala animals deer, etc.). If treated on these lines the expectant mother remains healthy and strong, and parturition becomes easy and without complications.

Sutika Kala (Postnatal period) is an important phase of transition in women’s life. It is the period after the delivery of conceptus when maternal anatomical and physiological changes return to the non-pregnant state.

Table 2: Samanya Sutika Paricharya in Ayurveda

SamhitaDaysAhara and AushadhaVihara
Charaka Samhita[3]5-7 DaysSnehapana and YavagupanaAbhyanga, Parisheka- Ubhayatakala
Udaraveshtana
KramavatAapyayana and Swasthavritta Palana
Sushrita Samhita[4]2-3 Days1) Vatahara Kashaya Pana
2) Ushna Gudodaka with Pippalyadi Dravyas		1) Sarva Daihika Bala Taila Abhyanga
2) Parisheka with Vatahara Dravyas
3 or 4-6 days or 7 days1) Sneha Yavagu / Ksheera Yavagu with Vidarigana Dravyas
8th day1) Jangala Mamsarasa
2) Yava, Kola, Kulattha Yusha
3) Shalyodana Bhojana
  • End all preventable deaths under five years of age

Few reasons for the death of children under the age of five are :-

1. Improper newborn management and preterm birth complications
2. Birth asphyxia and trauma.
3. Protein energy malnutrition.
4. Wide range of infectious diseases due to poor sanitation.

5. Congenital deformities due to lack of Garbhini Paricharya.

Ayurveda mentions Pumsavana Karma for Garbha Sthapana, Masanumasika Garbha Vriddhi Krama, Navajata Sishu Paricharya, Graha Roga and its management, Shodasha Samsakaras for assessing the milestone development of child, Rakshoghna Karma for preventing possible infectious and Graha Rogas. Acharya Kashaypa has explicitly based his work Kashyapa Samhita on the diseases and management of Balarogas.

In various Samhitas of Ayurveda has described the Navajata Shishu Paricharya (Newborn Care and Resuscitation) as follows:-

Table 3:

Charaka[5]Sushruta[6]Vagbhata[7]
PranapratyagamanaUlbaparimarjanaUlbaparimarjana
SnanaMukha VishodhanaPranapratyagamana
Mukha VishodhanaPichu DharanaNalachhedana
Garbhodaka VamanaNalachhedanaSnana
NalachhedanaJatakarmaPichudharana
JatakarmaSnanaSuvarna Prashana
Rakshakarma----Garbhodaka Vamana
---------Jatakarma
  • Fight Communicable Diseases

Communicable diseases are those which are transmissible from one person to another. In Ayurveda communicable diseases are quoted as Sankaramika Roga or Aupasargika Roga. Most of the diseases in Ayurveda consists of Agantuja as one of its types.


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Agantuja refers to external causes of a disease. Agantuja cause may be micro or macro. There is a concept of Bhuta in Ayurveda, Recent researches have correlated the concept of Bhuta to the infectious causes (Micro-organisms) of a disease. Acharya Sushrita explained the possible causes/ ways for afflicted to communicable diseases are:- Sexual Intercourse, Breath, Using Same Bed, Use of vessels, cloths, garlands, and cosmetics used by a afflicted with communicable diseases. It is well known that prevention is better than cure, hence by avoiding these causes will prevent the Communicable Diseases.

प्रसङ्गाद् गात्रसंस्पर्शान्निश्वासात्सहभोजनात् । सहशय्यासनाच्चापि वस्त्रमाल्यानुलेपनात् ।। Su.Sha.5 /32

Moreover Ayurveda explains the concept of Janapadodhwamsa, which specifies probable infectious and communicable diseases through contaminated Vayu, Jala, Desha, and Kala. Acharya Charaka says that root cause of Janapadodhwamsa is due to Adharma (Non- Righteousness). So to prevent these mass destruction Ayurveda says to follow the Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Sadvritta Palana, Achara Rasayana, Naimittika Rasayana, Ashtavidha Ahara Visheshayatana, and Nidana Parivarjana.

  • Reduce Mortality from Non-Communicable Diseases and Promote Mental Health

Ayurveda emphasizes on affliction of diseases for both body and mind. The wellness of body and mind plays vital role in health of each other. A non-communicable disease is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. A combination of genetic, physiological lifestyle and environmental factors can cause these diseases.

According to WHO, 4 main types non-communicable diseases are there:

1. Cardio Vascular Diseases.
2. Carcinoma
3. Chronic Renal Disorders
4. Diabetes Mellitus

71% of all global deaths are due Non-Communicable Diseases. Ayurveda is known as leading life science and describes many ways to prevent the risk factors of Non-Communicable Diseases and manage lifestyle disorders as follows:

1. Dinacharya (Daily Regimen) and Ritucharya (Seasonal Regimen)

2. Shodhana according to respective Ritu (Purification or detoxifying of body as per season)
3. Rasayana and Vajikarana (Rejuvenating and Reproductive Health Therapies)
4. Trayopasthamba (Three Sub-Pillars of Body) - Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacharya
5. Dharaniya and Adharaniya Vegas (Suppressible and Non-Suppressible urges)
6. Viruddha Ahara (Antagonistic Food)
7. Tri-Nidana - Asatmya Indriya Artha Samyoga, Prajnaparadha, and Parinama (Three Main Causes for Disease)
8. Achara Rasayana (Ayurveda codes of conduct to prevent diseases and living stress free life)

  • Prevent And Treat Substance Abuse

Addiction is an habitual psychological and physiological dependence on a substance or practice that is beyond voluntary control. It is a chronic brain disease, that causes compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences. Addiction causes widespread harmful effect to human being along with its social consequences. Sudden withdrawal of any addicted drug substance or practice can cause for psychosomatic disorder. Ayurveda has ancient methods of herbal, mineral or herbo-mineral medications for prevention and cure of addiction as well as withdrawal. Treatment of substance abuse disorders can be managed in Ayurveda as follows:-

  • Dravyabhuta Chikitsa:Ayurveda describes a signs and symptoms and management of Madatyaya / Panatyaya (Alcoholism). Possible complications like Dwamsaka and Vikshaya are also mentioned. Symptomatic management of withdrawal symptoms are also possible through Ayurveda. Abhyanga, Shiro Abhyanga, Shirodhara, are few examples for management of addiction of substance abuse and withdrawal.
  • Adravyabhuta Chikitsa:

1. Satvavajaya Chikitsa (Psychological Counseling)
2. Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa
3. Yoga, Pranayama and Dhyana.
4. Spiritual Enhancing Practices.

Ayurveda has suggested Padamshika Krama to avoid the harmful effects due to sudden withdrawal of addicted substances/ practices. A particular practice of withdrawing Ahita / Apathya (Bad) which is addicted due to practice and adopting Hita/ Pathya (Good) which is not in practice is known as Padamshika Krama.


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First day one should leave ¼ part of Ahitakara Ahara / Vihara / Abhyasa and one should take ¼ Hitakara Ahara / Vihara / Abhyasa. And as shown in the below table one should follow to completely to leave the Ahitakara Ahara / Vihara / Abhyasa.

Table 4: Padamshika Krama according to Chakrapani - 7 days[8]

DayComposition of Food / Substance / Practice
01st¾ Apathya with ¼ Pathya
02nd½ Apathya with ½ Pathya
03rd½ Apathya with ½ Pathya
04th¼ Apathya with ¾ Pathya
05th¼ Apathya with ¾ Pathya
06th¼ Apathya with ¾ Pathya
07thOnly Pathya
  • Reduce Road Injuries and Deaths

To reduce road injuries, primarily strict rules and regulations along with counselling of drivers are essential. A Systemic legal rule should be implemented with medical councilors to guide and council the driver regarding the possible medical emergencies and steps to prevent those situations before obtaining Driving License. Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) are on the high rise due to the lack of social responsibility and ignorance towards another driver.

After taking the initial emergency management through Conventional System of Medicine and later Wound care and Rehabilitation of patient can be taken though Ayurveda. Ayurveda mentions various emergency approaches in terms of Vrana (Wound) management. Acharya Sushrita has explained the 4 methods to control bleeding are:- Skandana, Sandhana, Pachana, and Dahana.[9] 6 Agantuja Vranas (Chhinna, Bhinna, VIddha, Kshtha, Picchita and Ghrishta), Stages of Vrana - Ashuddha, Shuddha, Ruhyamana and Rudha.[10] Shashti Upakrama for wound management.[11] Bhagna and Bhagna Chikitsa ( Fracture of Bones and their Management).[12]

  • Universal Access to Sexual and Reproductive Care, Family Planning and Education

Ayurveda elaborately mentions the concepts of Rasayana and Vajikarana. Among these Vajikarana mainly focus on the sexual and reproductive health both men and women. Various formulations and practices are enumerated for desired outcome in Vajikarana Chikitsa.

Ahara-Vihara based on Ritu, Desha, Kala, Masika Avastha and Prakriti are mentioned which clearly formulates customize diet and activity plans. Ayurveda mentions contraceptive methods and formulations for proper planning of family. Ideas for Garbha Dharana and Prashastha Kala, Pumsavana Karma for Garbha Sthapana, Ritumati Lakshana and Kala, Garbhini Lakshana and Paricharya etc., are also mentioned. The major texts of Ayurveda like Charaka Samhita, Sushrita Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya describe natural methods of contraception like[13]

1. Safe period or rhythm method : The description regarding fertile period and “safe period” are available in our Ayurveda Classics. The first 12 or 16 days of menstrual cycle are considers as fertility period (Ritu Kala) and once this period is over, the reproductive tract (Yoni) gets constricted and do not promote the entry of sperm (Shukra) into the uterus (Garbhashaya).[14] After ovulation, during progesterone dominant phase of menstrual cycle, cervical becomes hostile to the sperms and prevent their entry into the uterus. So, this period can be considered as the safe period for coitus to avoid unwanted pregnancy.[15] 2. Oral Contraceptives : Food and beverages that are excessively hot in potency cause disturbances in the reproductive physiology especially in the growth and development of follicles/ovum (Anda Upachaya).[16] Some examples for oral contraceptives are a) Powder of Pippali, Vidanga, and Tankana is taken in first 12-16 days of menstrual cycle period in Milk.[16] Root powder of Tanduliyaka ( Amaranthus spinosus) is taken with rice water for 3 days after the stoppage of menstrual bleeding[17]

3. Barrier methods : Some methods to make the reproductive tract rough and dry, in order to prevent unwanted pregnancy are mentioned in our Ayurveda. This may cause the alterations in the normal pH, or nature of cervical mucus to prevent the entry of sperms, or altering the natural state of endometrium temporarily to prevent the implantation of zygote. Some local contraceptives in Ayurveda are - Powdered seeds of Palasha (Butea monosperma) along with honey is applied as vaginal paste during fertile period (Ritu Kala)[18], Wood of Azardirachta indica (Nimba) is used as vaginal fumigation before coitus/ during fertile period[29], and Powdered root of Datura metel (Dhattura) is filled inside the vagina before coitus[20],


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Ayurveda also educates women in proper spacing between children in order to prevent diseases like Bala Shosha, Parigarbhika, Phakka etc.,

  • Achieve Universal Health Coverage

Sustainable Development Goal-3 Places a strong emphasis on health: Ensure health and well being for all at all ages. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) being the World Health Day theme for 2019 was set as a part of SDG. UHC means that all individuals and communities reciev the health services they need without suffering financial hardship. Prevention of diseases can play a great role in achieving this goal. Ayurveda emphasizes on two concepts that are[21]:

प्रयोजनं चास्य स्वस्थस्य स्वास्थ्यरक्षणमातुरस्य विकारप्रशमनं च । च.सू.30/26

Charaka Acharya emphasizes on the importance of i) Maintenance or Protecting of health of a healthy person and ii) Curing the diseases of an ill. Ayurveda postulates wide range of methods for the prevention of diseases like Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Swasthavritta Palana, Achara Rasayana, Ahara Vidhi Vidhana, Ritu Shodhana. Agni Samrakshana etc.

  • Reduce Illnesses And Death From Hazardous Chemicals And Pollution

Due to Endless human activities uncontrollable global warming, pollution and extensive damage to natural climatic changes. All the basic needs of human from as simple as air, water, food etc., have been polluted endlessly.

As a result of this, whatever enters the human body is not in its natural form rather it is mixed with all the unwanted substances or chemicals which are causing damage to the human system with all the accumulate hazardous toxins.

Our ancient science Ayurveda has described Janapadodhwamsa (Epidemics / Pandemic) and has explained the methods to purify Vayu (air), Jala (water), and Desha (land). And as a result, the climatic variations can be controlled.

Moreover, in order to manage the damage done to the body through all these hazardous chemicals and pollution our Acharyas has mentioned the Shodhana Karma (Purification or Detoxification Therapies) through Panchakarma. Panchakarma are a group of five specific treatment procedures developed in our ancient Indian Culture.

The most basic thought behind its development must be, if the body organs can be cleansed by any mean though the natural orifices, it will help in promotion of health, prevention, and treatment of disease. The five treatment modalities which holds the prime position are Vamana, Virechana, Anuvasana Basti, Niruha Basti, Nasya.[22]

Discussion

In Ayurveda, preventive aspects of diseases has been discussed very elaborately incorporating every aspect of health such as physical, mental, social and spiritual. Even there are descriptions of preventive accidents and natural calamities. Due to increase in burden of diseases, in spite of advancement in medical sciences in its peak level people are inclined towards Ayurveda. Ayurveda emphasizes on happiness which is nothing but disease free state.

Dinacharya and Ritucharya are the part of vast knowledge of Ayurveda regarding daily routine style and seasonal lifestyle. Once the people start to follow them, definitely the health burden will fall drastically. Sustainable Development - Goal 3 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all, at all ages. Health and well being are important at every stage of one’s life. Sustainable Developmental Goal-3 addresses all major health priorities:- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent health; communicable and non-communicable diseases; universal health coverage and access for all to safe, effective, quality and affordable medicines and vaccines. The Sustainable Development Goals makes a bold commitment to end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other communicable diseases by 2030. Ayurveda as a medicine system can majorly contribute in fulfilling the target objectives of SDG-3.

Conclusion

Hence to achieve the G-20 Sustainability Development Goal -3 “Good Health and Well Being” Ayurveda plays an important role by preventing the diseases in primordial stage itself and treating the curable diseases as well.

This study maps Ayurveda Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), finding a significant focus on SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing).


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Highly cited publications in Ayurveda primarily address SDG 3, highlighting the potential of natural products and traditional medicine in combatingantibiotic resistance, improving health, and promotingholistic healththrough balanced lifestyle practices and natural remedies. Additionally, Ayurveda contributes to SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) by exploringsupplementationand SDG 4 (Quality Education) through education, self-care approaches, and training in Ayurveda.

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