E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Ashrayi Bhava

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 7 JULY
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Interpretation of the concept of Ashraya - Ashrayi Bhava from Ayurveda with the concept of correlation from Statistics

Thote A1*, Borakhade V2, Yennawar S3, Kaloge S4
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.7.28

1* Ajay Thote, Phd Scholar Associate Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Anand Ayurved College, Vaijapur, Maharashtra, India.

2 Vasundhara Borakhade, Associate Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Yeshwant Ayurved College Kodoli, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

3 Sandhya Yennawar, Associate Professor PhD Scholar, Department of Prasuti Tantra and Stree Rog, Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaja Shikshan Sansha’s Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Kanchanwadi, Maharashtra, India.

4 Smita Kaloge, Professor PhD Scholar, Department of Rognidan and Vikruti Vidnyan, Anand Ayurved College, Vaijapur, Maharashtra, India.

Ayurveda is an ancient science that tells us to maintain a healthy life, along with curing ailments. All medical graduates need to study research methodology and medical statistics to complete the graduation. We need to correlate Ayurvedic terminologies and concept with the modern terms and concepts to conduct research, which will results in the globalization of Ayurveda. Correlation is one of the topics from statistics, and examples along with the same concept are found in Ayurvedic classics. Correlation from biostatistics can be compared with the Ashraya - Ashrayi Bhava from Ayurveda. There is a moderately positive correlation between Pitta Dosha and Rakta, Pitta and Sweda. There is a moderately positive correlation between Kapha Dosha and Rasa Dhatu, Kapha and Mamsa Dhatu, Kapha and Meda Dhatu, Kapha and Majja Dhatu, Kapha and Shukra Dhatu, Kapha and Mutra Mala, Kapha and Purisha Mala. There is a moderately negative correlation between Vata Dosha and Asthi Dhatu, Vata Dosha and Kapha Dosha. This will help research scholars from Ayurveda to write proper words in the research project. Thus, it is concluded that statistical terms and concepts are elaborated in the Ayurvedic classics having almost same meaning, and only the language is different.

Keywords: Ajay Thote et al. Interpretation of the concept of Ashraya

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Ajay Thote, Phd Scholar Associate Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Anand Ayurved College, Vaijapur, Maharashtra, India.
Email: 		Thote A, Borakhade V, Yennawar S, Kaloge S, Interpretation of the concept of Ashraya - Ashrayi Bhava from Ayurveda with the concept of correlation from Statistics. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(7):179-184.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3605

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-05-12 2024-05-25 2024-06-05 2024-06-15 2024-06-25
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© 2024by Thote A, Borakhade V, Yennawar S, Kaloge Sand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

If the values of the two variables deviate in the same direction i.e. if the increase in the values of one variable results, on an average, in a corresponding increase in the values of the other variable or if a decrease in the values of one variable results, on an average, in a corresponding decrease in the values of the other variable, correlation is said to be positive or direct. On the other hand, correlation is said to be negative or inverse if the variables deviate in the opposite direction i.e. if the increase (decrease) in the values of one variable results, on the average, in a corresponding decrease (increase) in the values of the other variable.[1] There are 5 types of correlation explained in statistics; these are Perfect Positive Correlation, Perfect Negative Correlation, Moderately Positive Correlation, Moderately Negative Correlation and No Correlation.[2] India is the origin of Ayurveda. Ayurveda is considered an Upaveda of Atharvaveda,[3] which is one of the Ved among the main four Vedas. Ayurveda is a Shashwat,[4] meaning it is eternal, perpetuity, and sempiternal. There is much more scope for research Ayurvda, by using the terms and concepts from it one can do research to get knowledge. Research scholars from other areas can also obtain information about Ayurveda. Ayurveda is not only ancient science, it is also have all the information which we are using now, but all information available is in Sanskrit language.

Currently, we are using words in English language in day-to-day life, and the terminologies are of modern era while doing any research. Numerous statistical terminologies and concepts have been explained in different language, but some of these terms and concepts can be found in the Vedic literature. Words in English language and Sanskrit language for such terminologies are different, but the meaning is same, or we can find the examples of such statistical terminologies in the Ayurveda.

Aim and Objectives

To understand the concept of correlation from statistics and the concept of Ashraya: Ashrayi Bhava from Ayurveda.

To interpret Ashraya: Ashrayi Bhava in terms of the correlation. To find out examples of correlation from Ayurvedic classics.

Methodology

Ashraya: Ashrayi Bhava

तत्र अस्थीनि स्थितो वायु: पित्तं तु स्वेद रक्तयो: ।

Tatra Astheeni Sthito Vaayuhu Pittam Tu Sweda Raktayoho |

श्लेष्मा शेषेषु तेन् एषां आश्रय आश्रयिणां मिथं ॥

Shleshma Shesheshu Ten Aesham Aashraya Aashrayinaam Mitham ||

यद् एकस्य तदन्यस्य वर्धन क्षपण औषधं ।

Yad Aekasya Tadanyasya Vardhan Kshapana Oushadham |

अस्थि मारुतयो: नैवं प्रायो वृद्धि: हि तर्पणात् ॥

Asthi Maarutayoho Naivam Praayo Vruddhihi Hi Tarpanat ||

श्लेष्मणा अनुगता तस्मात् संक्षय: तद् विपर्ययात् ।

Shleshmana Anugataa Tasmatsamkshayaha Tat Viparyayat |

वायुना अनुगत्: ............... ॥

Vaayuna Anugat............. ||[6]

शेषेषु रस मांस मेदो मज्जा शुक्र मूत्र पुरीष प्रभृतिषु ॥

Shesheshu Rasa Maamsa Majja Shukra Mutra Purisha Prabhrutishu ||[7]

Table 1: Ashrayi and Ashraya

Ashrayi (Abode)Ashraya (Resident)
VataAsthi
PittaSweda, Rakta
KaphaRasa, Mamsa, Meda, Majja, Shukra, Mutra, Purisha

Ashrayi, that is, Doshas always need to stay in Ashraya, that is, Dhatus and Mala. Ashrayi – Ashraya Bhava is not only about the anatomical importance such as Doshas are having residents in the Dhatus and mala, but it also has clinical relationship between the Doshas, that is, Ashrayi (Abode) and Dhatus – Mala, that is, Ashraya (Resident) which must be followed in the situation of vitiation of Doshas to normalize them and cure the Vyadhi (disease) present in body. Vitiation of the Vata Doshas affects the Asthi Dhatu (bones). Increase or Vruddhi in Guna of Vata Dosha results into the Kshaya of Asthi Dhatu and vice versa.


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Vitiation of the Pitta Doshas affects the Rakta Dhatu (blood). Increase or Vruddhi in the Guna of Pitta dosha results into the increase / Vruddhi of Sweda Mala (sweating).

Increase or Vruddhi in the Guna of Pitta Dosha results into the increase / Vruddhi of Rakta Dhatu. Vitiation of the Pitta Doshas affects Rakta Dhatu.

Increase or Vruddhi in the Guna of Pitta Dosha results into the increase / Vruddhi in Guna of Rakta Dhatu. Vitiation of the Kapha Doshas affects the Rasa, Mamsa (muscles), Meda (fat tissue), Majja (bone marrow), and Shukra (semen) dhatu.

Increase or Vruddhi in the Guna of Kapha Dosha results in the increase / Vruddhi in Guna of Rasa, Mamsa, Meda, Majja, and Shukra Dhatu. Increase or Vruddhi in the Guna of Kapha Dosha results into the increase / Vruddhi in Guna of Mutra (Urine) and Purisha Mala (faeces).

Correlation:

There are five types of correlation:
1. Perfect Positive Correlation
2. Perfect Negative Correlation
3. Moderately Positive Correlation
4. Moderately Negative Correlation
5. No Correlation

Methods of studying Correlation:

1. Scatter Diagram / Correlation diagram / Dot diagram[4]
2. Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation[5]

Scatter Diagram / Correlation diagram / Dot diagram:

Perfect Positive Correlation:

  • When two attributes or variables are increases together.
  • Correlation coefficient “r” = + 1.
  • There is no example of Perfect Positive correlation in medical science.

Perfect Negative Correlation:

  • When one attributes or variables increases and another one decreases together.
  • Correlation coefficient “r” = – 1.
  • There is no example of Perfect Negative correlation in medical science.

Graph 1: Scatter Diagram of Perfect Positive Correlation
jaims_3605_01.JPG

Graph 2: Scatter Diagram of Perfect Negative Correlation
jaims_3605_02.JPG

Moderately Positive Correlation:

  • When two attributes or variables are increases but not in a linear manner.
  • Correlation coefficient “r” = 0 to + 1.
  • Examples:

1. Gestational age and weight of fetus
2. Smoking and Lung Cancer.
3. Age and Height (in Children).
4. Total Cholesterol and Systolic blood pressure.
5. Age and Systolic blood pressure (above 45 years).

Moderately Negative Correlation:

  • When one attributes or variables increases and another one decreases but not in a linear manner.
  • Correlation coefficient “r” = – 1 to 0.
  • Examples:


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1. Smoking and Lung Capacity.
2. Age and PEFR (above 45 years).
3. Glomerular filtration rate and Plasma creatinine.
4. Age and Bone marrow density.

Graph 3: Scatter Diagram of Moderately Positive Correlation

jaims_3605_03.JPG

Graph 4: Scatter Diagram of Moderately Negative Correlation
jaims_3605_04.JPG

No Correlation:


  • When two attribute or variable are not associated with each other.
  • Correlation coefficient “r” = 0.
  • Examples

Height and IQ.

Weight and IQ.

Hemoglobin and Sr. Uric Acid.

Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation

Formula, R = (n (∑xy)- (∑x)(∑y))/(√ [n ∑x2-(∑x)2][n ∑y2– (∑y)2)
By using this formula, we can calculate exact r value and according to it we can interpret correlation is of which type.

Graph 5: Scatter Diagram of No Correlation

jaims_3605_05.JPG

Discussion

Single entity is not responsible for performing normal physiological condition and causing pathological changes in the human body. Assume that if we add one liter of water to the bucket, then the level increases by 1 cm and it follows the same proportion. If we add five liter water to the bucket, then the level increases by 5 cm, which is an example of a Perfect Positive correlation.

The weight of the person is not going to increase by 1 or 2 kg daily or in the same proportion if he is having same quantity of food in a meal, because there are so many other factors responsible for the weight gain such as exercise, metabolic rate, surrounding environment, mental situation of that person, etc.

Causative factors are responsible for formation of disease but it not seen that the every person consuming causative factor will suffer with the disease. Lung cancer is not developed in all people who smoke cigarettes, similarly any one anti-hypertensive drug prescribed to some people but it is not sure that blood pressure will be decreased by exactly 20 mm of Hg in all people.

Let us see an examples of Moderately Positive and Moderately Negative correlation according to the Ayurveda. Ashraya-Ashrayu Bhava of Vata dosha and Asthi Dhatu is an example of Moderately Negative correlation because the Guna of Vata Dosha increases then it causes Asthi Kshaya i.e. decrease in Kathinya Guna of Asthi Dhatu.

It means when there is a more consumption of Aahara (diet) and Vihara having Guna of Vata dosha, it increases the Vata Dosha then the bones becomes porous. So Asthi Dhatu becomes more porous in Vatavyadhi.[8]


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Ashraya-Ashrayu Bhava of Pitta Dosha and Rakta Dhatu is an example of Moderately Positive correlation because when there a Prakopa of Pitta Dosha then Rakta Vruddhi is seen in the Vyadhi such as Raktapitta.

Thus in Raktapitta Vyadhi both Pitta and Rakta are vitiated.[9] When there is presence of Lakshanas of Prakupit Pitta then Prakupit Rakta Lakshanas are also seen. Same is happen when there is increase in Guna of Pitta Dosha then Swedaparvatan i.e. excessive sweating is seen.

Ashraya-Ashrayu Bhava of Kapha Dosha and Rasa Dhatu, Kapha Dosha and Mamsa Dhatu, Kapha Dosha and Meda Dhatu, Kapha Dosha and Majja Dhatu, Kapha dosha and Shukra Dhatu, Kapha Dosha and Mutra Mala and Kapha Dosha and Purisha Mala are the examples of Moderately Positive correlation.

When the Kapha dosha in the body increases then it also increases the Rasa dhatu i.e. water content in the body, Mamsa i.e., muscles mass increases accordingly, Meda i.e. fat accumulation is seen, Majja i.e. bone marrow increases, Shukra i.e. Semen increases by qualitatively and quantitatively, Mutra i.e. Urine is more excreted and Purisha i.e. stool is excreted in more quantity. Vitiation of Kapha Dosha and Prabhut Mutrata is observed in Prameha Vyadhi (Diabetes mellitus).[10]

There is a Moderately Negative correlation between Vata dosha and Kapha dosha when Vata Dosha increases then the Kapha Dosha decreases or vice-versa. Guna i.e. qualities of Vata dosha and Kapha Dosha are opposite to each other.

Vata is possesses Laghu Guna while Kapha is guru in nature. Laghu means lighter and Guru means heavier, so consumption of Dravya having Guru Guna feels heaviness in the body as heaviness is increases obviously Laghuta i.e. lightness decreases.

Conclusion

Correlation and Ashraya-Ashrayi Bhava concepts are explained in different areas, but both explain the characteristics that two attributes / parameters are in a relation. Examples of Moderately Positive correlation and Moderately Negative correlations are given in Ayurveda classics.

There is a Moderately Positive correlation between Pitta dosha and Rakta dhatu; Kapha Dosha and Rasa Dhatu; Kapha Dosha and Mamsa Dhatu; Kapha Dosha and Meda Dhatu; Kapha Dosha and Majja Dhatu; Kapha Dosha and Shukra Dhatu; Kapha Dosha and Mutra Mala; Kapha Dosha and Purisha Mala.

There is a Moderately Negative correlation between Vata Dosha and Asthi Dhatu; Vata Dosha and Kapha Dosha. It is difficult to find examples of the Perfect Positive correlation and Perfect Negative correlation in the medical science.

References

1. C. Gupta, Fundamentals of Statistics, 7th edition, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Girgaon Mumbai, 2016, 8.1 to 8.6.

2. R. Kothari, Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, 2nd revised edition, New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 2004, 145

3. Agnivesha, Acharya Charak, Vaidya Yadavaji Acharya, Sootrasthan, Adhyaya 30, Verse 20 – 21, Chaukhambha Publication, New Delhi, Reprint 2020, 186

4. Agnivesha, Acharya Charak, Vaidya Yadavaji Acharya, Sootrasthan, Adhyaya 30, Verse 27, Chaukhambha Publication, New Delhi, Reprint 2020, 187

5. R. Sundaram, S.N. Dwivedi, V. Sreenivas, Medical Statistics Principles & Methods, 2nd edition, Wolters Kluwer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2015, 64

6. R. Sundaram, S.N. Dwivedi, V. Sreenivas, Medical Statistics Principles & Methods, 2nd edition, Wolters Kluwer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2015, 66

7. Acharya Vagbhata, Dr. Anna Kunte, Ashtangahrudayam, Sootrasthan, Adhyaya 11, Verse 26 to 28, Choukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint 2020, 186.

8. Acharya Vagbhata, Commentary by Arundatta, Dr. Anna Kunte, Ashtangahrudayam, Sootrasthan, Adhyaya 11, Verse 26 to 28, Choukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint 2020, 187.

9. Acharya Vagbhata, Dr. Anna Kunte, Ashtangahrudayam, Nidansthan, Adhyaya 15, Verse 5 & 13, Choukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint 2020, 530 & 531.


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10. Acharya Vagbhata, Dr. Anna Kunte, Ashtangahrudayam, Nidansthan, Adhyaya 3, Verse 3, Choukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint 2020, 466.

11. Acharya Vagbhata, Dr. Anna Kunte, Ashtangahrudayam, Nidansthan, Adhyaya 10, Verse 4 and 7, Choukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint 2020, 502.


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