Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2025 Volume 10 Number 1 JANUARY
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Contributions of Harita Samhita to Kaumarbhritya: A Review of the classical text's insights on Infant and Child Care

Ranawat S1*, Kumar R2, Guar A3
DOI:10.21760/jaims.10.1.16

1* Saloni Ranawat, Post Graduate Scholar, Pg Department of Kaumarbhritya, Madan Mohan Malviya Govt Ayurved College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

2 Ram Kumar, Professor and HOD, Pg Department of Kaumarbhritya, Madan Mohan Malviya Govt Ayurved College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

3 Anukriti Guar, Lecturer, Pg Department of Kaumarbhritya, Madan Mohan Malviya Govt Ayurved College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Kaumarbhritya, a branch of Ashtang Ayurveda, focuses on the care of infants and children, including their diseases and management. Although Kashyap Samhita is considered the primary text on Kaumarbhritya, it is not entirely available. Therefore, scholars and physicians need to get information related to Kaumarbhritya on other texts, such as Harita Samhita, to gain knowledge and clarify their doubts. Written between the 6th and 7th centuries AD, Harita Samhita is a classical Ayurvedic text presented in a conversational format between Maharshi Atreya and Acharya Harita. Acharya Harita's contributions to Kaumarbhritya are extensive, covering topics like: Duties and responsibilities in Kaumarbhritya, Age classification (Vayo Bheda), Breastfeeding concepts, Management of recurrent miscarriages, Antenatal and postnatal care, Childhood rituals and sacraments, Common diseases and disorders in infants and children, Pediatric formulations and treatments, Fetal development sequence. This article aims to review and highlight Acharya Harita contributions to Kaumarbhritya, as presented in Harita Samhita, providing valuable insights into this ancient text.

Keywords: Harita Samhita, Kaumarbhritya, Child Care

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Saloni Ranawat, Post Graduate Scholar, Pg Department of Kaumarbhritya, Madan Mohan Malviya Govt Ayurved College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
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Ranawat S, Kumar R, Guar A, Contributions of Harita Samhita to Kaumarbhritya: A Review of the classical text's insights on Infant and Child Care. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2025;10(1):123-130.
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Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-12-18 2024-12-28 2025-01-08 2025-01-18 2025-01-27
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© 2025by Ranawat S, Kumar R, Guar Aand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

Download PDFBack To ArticleIntroductionAims and ObjectiveMaterial and MethodDiscussionConclusionReferences

Introduction

Kaumarbhritya, a branch of Ashtang Ayurveda, specializes in the care and management of newborns, children and adolescents, including the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pediatric disorders with a focus on promoting healthy growth and development. Kashyap Samhita (Authored by Vridhajeevaka) is among the oldest textbooks of Kaumarbhritya, a branch of Ayurveda dedicated to maternal and child healthcare but it is not available completely. Therefore, there is a need to get information related to Kaumarbhritya from other Ayurvedic books. Among them Harit Samhita is an Ayurvedic text book in which some topics related to Kaumarbhritya have been described. Harita Samhita is the conversation between the Maharshi Atreya and Acharya Harita. The Harita Samhita text is divided into six parts: Pratham Sthana, Dwitiya Sthana, Chikitsasthana, Sutrasthana, Kalpasthana, and Sharirasthana. A complete view of the Samhita reveals the concept and important contributions of this Samhita in held of Kaumarbhritya. The following is a short review of Kaumarbhritya in Harita Samhita.

Aims and Objective

To review the contribution of Harita Sahmita in Kaumarhritya

Material and Method

The material was collected from classical Ayurvedic Samhita and research journals. In Harita Samhita, Harita has placed Kaumarbhritya at the 4th place in Ashtang Ayurveda and has referred to Kaumarbhritya by the name of BalaChikitsam.[1]

Garbhoupkrama Viganam Shuitika Upkarmastatha Balana Rogashamni Kriya Balachikitism[2]

That means the process from conception to delivery and for the prevention of childhood diseases is called paediatrics.

Vayogyana (Classification of age)

According to Avshtha Bheda

  • Uttama[3]
  • Adhama
  • Madhyama

  • Heena

Similarly, there are 4 Bheda

  • Bala - up to 16 years[4]
  • Yuva - 16 -25 years
  • Madhyama - 25-70
  • Vridha - above 70

According to Chikitsa Shastra five types of Madhyam Avshtha

  • Pathi Shran [5]
  • Shrama Sheena
  • Bala
  • Stri
  • Sukumar

In Harita Samhita, the terminologies related to female age are:

  • Bala[6] - up to 5 years of age / upto 12 years of age
  • Mugdha - 6 to 11 years / 12 to 19 years
  • Prodaa - 19 to 28 years
  • Parglabha - 28 to 41 years

Concept of milk (Stnya) production according to Acharya Harita-

Breast milk (Stnya) is produced from the Ahara Rasa[7] that is formed after digestion of food. Hence Stnya is termed as the Updhatu of Rasa.

Acharya Harita explains that the intense effort during childbirth causes the mother's channels (Srotases) to open, leading to a sudden release of milk. The initial milk, colostrum, is rich in essential nutrients vital for the newborn's health.

Therefore, it is recommended that the mother initiates breastfeeding as soon as possible after delivery. According to Acharya Harita, this initial milk is considered Guru[8] due to dominance of Kapha.

Harita has explained properties of milk (Stanya)[9] according to the complexion of the mother

  • Krishna Varna - Pustikara, Vatashamaka
  • Sweta Varna - Khaphakrita
  • Rakta Varna - Vatakaraka
  • Pitta Varna - Pittashamaka

Garbhini Paricharya (Antenatal care)

Acharya Harita has given great importance on antenatal care, providing detailed guidance on Garbhini Paricharya[10] (antenatal care) and outlining specific dietary and behavioural recommendations to support the healthy growth and development of the foetus during pregnancy and Dietary management month wise in pregnancy.

MonthRecommended diet
1st monthYshtimadhu, Parushka, Madhupuspa with Navaneet, Paya and Sarkara
2nd monthKakoli with Madhu
3rd monthKrishara
4th monthKritaoddan
5th monthPayas
6th monthMadhur Dadhi
7th monthGhrita Khanden
8th monthGhrita Purakam
9th monthVividh Anna
10th monthAs Desired

Acharya Harita recommended diet pattern reveals a thoughtful and sequential approach, progressing from liquid to solid foods to prevent complications during pregnancy. This carefully planned regimen includes Yastimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) as a galactagogue to support lactation, and Parusaka (Grewia asiatica Roxb). to supplement essential nutrients like iron and calcium, catering to the woman's needs at each stage.

This diet pattern creates a conducive environment for both the mother's and baby's bodies to adapt to the changing physiological processes, ensuring a healthy pregnancy. Similarly, modern science also advises pregnant women to take iron, folic acid and calcium as nutritional supplement during anti-natal care, whereas in ancient Ayurveda text, all these nutritional elements were already prescribed in a dietary management to be taken in the form of food.

In this way, Acharya Harit told about the diet along with the pregnancy in the antenatal care (Garbhani Parichaya). He said that the pregnant woman should not do Vyayama[11] (exercise), Methun (sexual intercourse), Krodha (anger), Shoka (stress) and Chakraman (excessive wandering) during pregnancy. Similarly, modern science also advises to avoid pregnancy because all these things have a bad effect on the foetus.

Acharya Harita mentioned common complications that pregnant women may experience during pregnancy, including

  • Sosha[12](Dehydration)
  • Hrillasa (Nausea)
  • Chardi (Vomiting)
  • Jwara (Fever)
  • Aruchi (Anorexia)
  • Atishara (Diarrhoea)
  • Sopha (oedema)

Table 1

SNComplicationTreatment
1.Sosha Pippali, Khasa, Nagar Motha, Vataproh in Gutika Preparation
2.Hrillasa Kutaj, Pippali, Shunthi, Amalki, with Dadhi and Sharkara
3.Chardi Chiryata Kalka with Sambhag Sarkara
4.Aruchi Gandush with Ushna Jala
5.Atisara Jamun and Aamra Pallav with Dahdi and Sarkara
6.Sopha Swedan with Ushna Jala

and advising against Virechana[13] (purging) in pregnant women to ensure safe and gentle management of these complications. In modern science complication of pregnancy are: morning sickness, vomiting, pre -eclampsia and eclampsia etc. and allopathy doctor advise in morning sickness intake glucose, ginger tab and digestive enzyme etc. This is similar to concept of Harita Samhita talk about treatment of complication of pregnancy.

Mudha Garbha[14]

Complications During Pregnancy

Causes are Mother's diet (Ahara) and lifestyle (Vihara). Acharya Harita explains that certain foods or regimens during pregnancy can influence labour.

Clinical features of Mudha Garbha include:

1. Vatik Mudhagarbha

  • Basti Shula (Lower back pain)
    • Yonidwara Nirudhayti (obstructed urine flow)
    • Adhmana
    • Anidra (disrupted sleep)
    • Angbhang (body aches)

2. Paitik Mudhagarbha

  • Tridosahj Jwara
  • Trishna (thirst)

  • Bhrama (dizziness) Mutrakriccha (difficult urination)
  • Shirovytha (headache)

3. Slaishika Mudhagarbha

  • Aalashya (Laziness)
  • Tandra (drowsiness)
  • Nidra (excessive sleep)
  • Jadyta
  • Aphra(bloating)
  • Vepathu
  • Kasa (cough)
  • Virasata (facial distortion)

4. Dwandaja Mudhagarbha:

  • Clinical features of two Doshas (Vata, Pitta, or Kapha) are prominent.

5. Sannipatik Mudhagarbha:

  • Clinical features of all three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) are evident, indicating a more complex imbalance.

Shutika Paricharya (Postnatal Care)

Acharya Harita has stressed the importance of Sutika Paricharya,[15] which involves specific dietary and lifestyle practices during the postpartum period.

The recommended diet includes

  • Day 2: Ushna Kulattha (Dolichos biflorus) soup
  • Day 3: Panchkola (a blend of five spices) Yavagu (a type of gruel)
  • Day 4: Chaturjataka (a blend of four spices) mixed Yavagu
  • Day 5: Cooked rice of Shali or Shashtika

The recommended lifestyle practices include:

  • Vaginal filling with oil and massage followed by sudation with hot water

The recommended medicines include

  • Decoction of various herbs such as Lodhra, Arjuna, Kadamba, Devadaru, Bijaka, and Karkandhu
  • Nagara (Zingiber officinale) and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) Churna with jaggery on the second day morning.

This regimen aims to promote recovery, nourishment and overall well-being during the postpartum period.

Resuscitation In an Asphyxiated New-Born

Acharya Harita technique for reviving an asphyxiated new born involves altering the air to benefit the infant. He describes five types of fanning materials that modify the air as it passes through, such as banana leaves or palm tree leaves. The air becomes moist and humid due to the cooling property of these leaves, relieving fatigue and reducing heat and agitation ultimately inducing sleep. This innovative approach utilizes the unique properties of various materials to create a therapeutic air modification, promoting the child recovery.[16]

Childhood Sacraments Samskara

Acharya Harita discusses the importance of childhood sacraments, known as Samskaras, which are significant rituals performed at various stages of a child's life. These Samskaras include:

1. Jatkarma Samskara (birth ceremony)
2. Namkaran Samskara (naming ceremony)
3. Karnavedhan Samskara (ear piercing ceremony)
4. Vastrabandhan Samskara (clothing ceremony)
5. Upanayan Samskara (initiation into education)
6. Vivahadi Samskara (marriage ceremony)

These sacraments are performed at specific times in a child's life to mark important milestones and transitions, and are considered essential for a child's spiritual and social development.[17] Acharya Harita defines Mruduksira[18] as pure milk, which not only provides nutrition but also enhances Satwa (mental clarity & calmness) and beauty in infants & children.

In other words, pure milk is considered essential for overall growth and development, including physical, mental, and spiritual well-being, during infancy and childhood. Acharya Harita identified five types of impure breast milk that can be harmful to infants, including

1. Ghanaksira: Consuming this milk can lead to abdominal distension, breathing difficulties, and coughing in infants.
2. Ushanaksira: This milk can cause fever and diarrhea in infants.
3. Amlaksira: Consuming this milk can result in diarrhea in infants.


4. Alpaksira: This milk can cause weakness, weight loss, and diarrhea in infants.
5. Ksharaksira: Consuming this milk can lead to eye diseases and itching in infant[19]

Acharya Harita described treatments for common childhood disease including[20]

1. Utphulika (perhaps a skin condition)
2. Asthma
3. Cough
4. Urinary obstruction
5. Diarrhea
6. Eye diseases

Formulations

1. Growth Enhancing Powder

  • Vacha
  • Bramhi
  • Manduki
  • Ghana
  • Kushtha
  • Nagara[21]

Take with ghee.

2. Memory Boosting Powder

    • Guduchi
    • Apamarga
    • Vidanga
    • Shankhapushpi
    • Vishnukranta
    • Vacha
    • Pathya
    • Shatavari[22]

Mix with equal parts ghee.

3. Voice Sweetening Powder

  • Trikatu
  • Triphala
  • Dhanya
  • Yavani
  • Salamulika
  • Vacha
  • Bramhi

  • Bharangi[23]

Mix with honey.

Acharya Harita described the treatment of epilepsy in children as follows:

  • Nasya[24] therapy (nasal administration of medication)
  • Agnikarma[25] therapy (cauterization or thermal stimulation)

These treatments aim to manage and alleviate epilepsy symptoms in paediatric patients.

Nasya therapy involves administering medication through the nasal passage, while Agnikarma therapy utilizes thermal stimulation or cauterization to specific points on the body.

Acharya Harita explained the day-wise occurrences of Pootana Dosha[26] as follows:

  • Day 1: Lohita (blood poisoning)
  • Day 2: Revati (fever and vomiting)
  • Day 3: Vayasi (digestive issues and diarrhea)
  • Day 4: Kumari (fever and rash)
  • Day 5: Shakuni (cough and respiratory issues)
  • Day 6: Shiva (fever and headache)
  • Day 7: Urdhvakeshi (eye and ear problems)
  • Day 8: Sena (infections and fever)

Pootana Dosha is a concept in Ayurvedic paediatrics that refers to the manifestation of certain symptoms or diseases in infants and children, believed to be caused by the influence of planetary forces.

Garha

In the Harita Samhita, Chapter 55 of the Tritiya Sthana, Graha Rogas[27] are discussed in detail.

According to the text, demonic possession (Grahavesha) can occur in isolated locations such as deserted temples, burial grounds, and abandoned roads, particularly in individuals who have experienced fear in these places. The text describes ten Grahas (malevolent entities) and their corresponding clinical features, including

1. Aindra
2. Agneya
3. Yama
4. Nairruta
5. Varuna


6. Maaruta/Vaayu
7. Kubera/Yaksha
8. Sira
9. Grahaka
10. Pishacha

The management of Graha Rogas involves various methods, including

  • Dhoopas[28] (fumigations)
  • Medications
  • Mantras (hymns)
  • Pooja (prayers)
  • Spiritual practices

Kalpastana

  • Utilize Vijaya, a type of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), in the treatment of childhood diseases.[29]
  • Avoid using formulations containing Rasona (Allium sativum, or garlic) in paediatric patients.[30]

In other words, Kalpastana recommends the use of Vijaya Haritaki for various childhood ailments, while advising against the use of Rasona containing formulations in children.

Development of Foetus

Table 2: The sequence of foetal development

Days/MonthDevelopment
1 dayBudbud (Bubbles like)
10 daysSonita (Resemblance of blood)
15 daysGhana (Solidified/compact)
20 daysMamsapinda (Fleshy mass)
25 daysPanchatwa prabhava (Five elemental things)
1 monthPanchabhuta
50 daysAnkura
3 monthsHasta, pada (Parts and organs)
3.5 monthsSira (Head)
4 monthsLoma (Lanugo hair)
5 monthsSujiva (Lively)
6 monthsSphurana (Quivering)
8 monthsJatharagni (Digestive fire)
9 monthsChesta (Organ systems able to function/activity)
10 monthsPrasava kala (Onset of delivery)

The sequential development of the foetus, known as Garbhavikasa[31], has been extensively described in both Ayurvedic and modern medical literature. Ayurvedic classics have elaborated on this process,

with Acharya Harita providing more detailed & accurate account of developmental changes occurring every few days or weeks. Acco. to Harita, embryo/foetus undergoes following transformations:

  • Day 1: Budbud (bubble-like)
  • Day 10: Sonita (resembles blood)
  • Day 15: Ghana (solidified/compact)
  • Day 20: Mamsapinda (fleshy mass)

This description highlights the chronological progression of foetal development with distinct changes observable at each stage.

Discussion

Harita Samhita, a classical Ayurvedic text, has made significant contributions to the field of Kaumarbhritya, which is a branch of Ashtang Ayurveda that focuses on the care of infants and children. Acharya Harita's extensive contributions to Kaumarbhritya have provided valuable insights into various aspects of paediatric care, including duties and responsibilities, age classification, breastfeeding concepts, management of recurrent miscarriages, antenatal and postnatal care, childhood rituals and sacraments, common diseases and disorders in infants and children, paediatric formulations and treatments, and foetal development sequence. The significance of Harita Samhita's contributions to Kaumarbhritya cannot be overstated, particularly in the absence of a complete version of Kashyap Samhita, the primary text on Kaumarbhritya. Harita Samhita has filled this knowledge gap, providing scholars and physicians with a comprehensive understanding of paediatric care from an Ayurvedic perspective. Acharya Harita's work has also highlighted the importance of breastfeeding, antenatal and postnatal care, and childhood rituals and sacraments, which are essential for the healthy growth and development of infants and children. Moreover, his contributions to the management of recurrent miscarriages and common diseases and disorders in infants and children have provided valuable guidance for physicians and scholars.

Conclusion

A comprehensive review of the Harita Samhita, it has been determined that this ancient text thoroughly covers all the essential concepts and aspects of Kaumarbhritya,


including: Duties and responsibilities in the field of Kaumarbhritya, Classification and stages of childhood development, The importance and concept of breastfeeding , Treatment and management of recurrent miscarriages, Antenatal and postnatal care, Childhood rituals and sacraments, Common diseases and disorders affecting infants and children, Formulations and treatments used in paediatric care, The sequence of foetal development. This text provides a solid foundation for understanding the principles and practices of Kaumarbhritya, making it a valuable resource for students, scholars and physicians seeking knowledge in this field.

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