Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita: A comprehensive study on Microbial Integrity

Dipali Patel; Meera Cholera; BJ Patgiri

doi:10.21760/jaims.9.11.14

E-ISSN:2456-3110

Research Article

Mahatiktaka Ghrita

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 11 NOVEMBER

Publisher

www.maharshicharaka.in

Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita: A comprehensive study on Microbial Integrity

Patel D^1*, Cholera M², BJ Patgiri³

DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.11.14

^1* Dipali Patel, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

² Meera Cholera, Head, Microbiology Laboratory, Microbiology Laboratory Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

³ BJ Patgiri, Professor and HOD, Dept of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

Background: The market for herbal, herbo-mineral, and traditional medicines has grown significantly in recent decades. However, a major challenge to their broader adoption is the limited information on their stability and shelf life. This study was conducted to assess the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita against microbial contamination when prepared and stored under different climatic conditions and temperatures.

Aim: To evaluate the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita and monitor microbial contamination in the finished product at different time intervals and at different climatic conditions (different temperature and humidity set ups).

Materials and Methods: Samples of Mahatiktaka Ghrita were studied to inspect microbial contamination at different climatic conditions. The study was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

Observations and Results: The microbiological study of Mahatiktaka Ghrita was carried out as per the samples utilized in clinical study. Further studies were carried out at regular time intervals up to 494 days.

Conclusion: In microbiological study of Mahatiktaka Ghrita, growth of microorganisms either bacterial or fungal was not found till 494 days from the date of preparation, which shows its intact stability and good shelf life.

Keywords: Stability, Microbial profile, Mahatiktaka Ghrita, Climatic conditions

Corresponding Author	How to Cite this Article	To Browse
Dipali Patel, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Email:	Patel D, Cholera M, BJ Patgiri, Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita: A comprehensive study on Microbial Integrity. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(11):94-103. Available From https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3818

Manuscript Received	Review Round 1	Review Round 2	Review Round 3	Accepted
2024-10-14	2024-10-24	2024-11-04	2024-11-12	2024-11-27
Conflict of Interest	Funding	Ethical Approval	Plagiarism X-checker	Note
none	Nil	yes	11.36

© 2024by Patel D, Cholera M, BJ Patgiriand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(11)94

Download PDF Back To Article Introduction Aim Materials and Methods Observations and Results Discussion Conclusion References

Dipali Patel et al. Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita

Introduction

Pharmaceutical stability refers to the ability of a product to maintain its original properties and characteristics within defined limits throughout its storage and use, i.e., its shelf life. It is a critical aspect of drug quality, as any change that occurs after manufacture, which negatively impacts the product's quality or its suitability for patient use, is a potential concern. This broad area of study addresses various degradation pathways that could affect the integrity of the product over time. It is influenced by numerous factors, including the stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s), the manufacturing process, the dosage form, and the container/closure system. Additionally, environmental conditions encountered during transportation, storage, and handling, as well as the duration between production and use, play significant roles. Environmental factors such as temperature, light, and humidity, alongside chemical processes including oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and racemization, can all contribute to drug degradation. Among these environmental variables, temperature stands out as the most critical factor affecting pharmaceutical stability, as it is not easily controlled through packaging alone.^[1]

Thus, it is an essential process aimed at evaluating the changes in the quality, efficacy, and safety of a product over time when exposed to various environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, light). These studies are essential for ensuring that the product retains its intended therapeutic effect, safety profile, and physical/chemical attributes throughout its shelf life. In this context, the current study was designed to assess the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita in relation to microbial contamination. Sneha Kalpana is unique pharmaceutical technology of Ayurvedic pharmaceutico- therapeutics and is among those dosage forms which is recommended for administration with various routes and modes of administration. Goghrita is considered as best because its ability to assimilate effectively the properties of the ingredients added to it and without losing its own properties (Samskarasya Anuvartanat).^[2]Since the cell membrane contains lipids, the lipophilic action of Ghrita facilitates transportation of drugs to the target organ and final delivery inside the cell, mitochondria, microsome and nuclear membrane.^[3]

Mahatiktaka Ghrita is first mentioned by Acharya Charaka in Kushthachikitsa Adhyaya^[4] and indicated in many diseases like Kushtha, Raktapitta, Arsha, Visarpa, Amlapitta, Vatarakta, Pandu, Kamala, Jwara, Pama, Unmada, Gulma, Visphota, Kandu, Pidaka, Hridroga, Asrigadara, Gandamala etc. In context to potency of this formulation, Acharya Charka quoted that, this formulation can cure Mahavikara, difficult to get cured even by hundreds of formulations. Medicated Ghrita formulations are extensively utilized by Ayurvedic practitioners for the treatment of various ailments. The term ‘Saviryata Avadhi’ refers to the shelf life or potency duration of these preparations, specifically describing the time period during which the potency (Virya) of a drug remains effective above a certain threshold. After this period, the potency may gradually decrease, but it does not entirely diminish if the product is stored under proper conditions.^[5] According to classical Ayurvedic texts, the potency of different preparations can remain intact for several months to years, depending on the dosage form. The Saviryata Avadhi of Ghrita form is described in Table no. 1 below.

Table 1: Saviryata Avadhi of Ghrita as per Ayurvedic classics

Form of Preparation	Sharangadhara Samhita[6](13th century)	Yoga Ratnakara[7](17th century)	Rule 161(B) of D & C Rules, 1945[8]
Ghrita	16 months (60 days)	12 months (90 days)	2 years

The drug Mahatiktaka Ghrita studied in present study was prepared at Dept. of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar under strict hygienic conditions. No any preservative was added to the test drug. Finished product was stored in airtight plastic container at room temperature. In the present study, an attempt was made to check stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita with respect to its microbial profile at different climatic conditions and temperature variations over a span of 494 days, with regular assessments at specified intervals.

Aim

To study the stability of Mahatikta Ghrita by inspecting microbial contamination in the finished product at different time intervals and at different climatic conditions (different temperature and humidity set ups).

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(11)95

Dipali Patel et al. Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita

Materials and Methods

Samples of Mahatiktaka Ghrita were studied to check microbial contamination at different climatic conditions. The study was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

Mainly two tests were performed to rule out the existence of any bacteria or fungi in the finished product sample of prepared drug.

The samples from the airtight containers were subjected to the microbiological study regularly with random intervals as per different ongoing batch used during clinical study at different seasonal condition.

Drug materials

Cow’s ghee and raw drugs were procured from pharmacy attached to Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar. Amalaki Fruits (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) were purchased from local market of Jamnagar.

Preparation Time

The whole process of formulation preparation of Mahatiktaka Ghrita was carried out in the Dept. of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. The drug was prepared by following Standard Operating process (SOP).

Storage

Stability study with respect to microbial and fungal contamination at regular time intervals, details of which are cited below.

The finished product, Mahatiktaka Ghrita was stored in airtight plastic containers at room temperature in a cool, dark and dry place. Samples of the finished product were analysed for microbial and fungal contamination at specified time intervals, as outlined below.

Microbial Profile

Microbial contamination was assessed by two methods to check any mycological findings and bacteriological findings. Detail of Microbial profile is mentioned in Table no. 4.

Table 2: Ingredients of Mahatiktaka Ghrita

SN	Ingredients	Botanical Name	Part used	Qty.
Kalka Dravya
1.	Saptaparna	Alstonia scholaris R.Br.	Dried St. Bk.	1 part
2.	Ativisha	Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.	Dried Rt.	1 part
3.	Aragwadha	Cassia fistula Linn.	Dried Fr. P.	1 part
4.	Katuki	Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.	Dried Rt./Rz.	1 part
5.	Patha	Cissampelos paeira Linn.	Dried Rt.	1 part
6.	Musta	Cyperus rotundus Linn.	Dried Rz.	1 part
7.	Ushira	Vetiveria zizanioides Linn.	Dried Rt.	1 part
8.	Haritaki	Terminalia chebula Retz.	Dried Fr.	1 part
9.	Amalaki	Emblica officinalis Gaertn.	Dried Fr.	1 part
10.	Bibhitaki	Terminalia bellirica Roxb.	Dried Fr.	1 part
11.	Patola	Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.	Dried Pl.	1 part
12.	Nimba	Azadirachta indica A. Juss.	Dried St. Bk.	1 part
13.	Parpataka	Fumaria indica Pugsley.	Dried Pl.	1 part
14.	Dhanvayasa	Fagonia cretica Linn.	Dried Pl.	1 part
15.	Shweta Chandana	Santalum album Linn.	Dried Ht. Wd.	1 part
16.	Pippali	Piper longum Linn.	Dried Fr.	1 part
17.	Gajapippali	Scindapsus officinalis schoott.	Dried Fr.	1 part
18.	Padmaka	Prunus cerasoides Linn.	Dried Ht. Wd.	1 part
19.	Haridra	Curcuma longa Linn.	Dried Rz.	1 part
20.	Daruharidra	Berberis aristate Roxb.	Dried St.	1 part
21.	Vacha	Acorus calamus Linn.	Dried Rz.	1 part
22.	Indravaruni	Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.	Dried Fr.	1 part
23.	Shatavari	Asparagus racemosus Willd.	Dried Rt.	1 part
24.	Shwetasariva	Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.	Dried Rt.	1 part
25.	Krushnasariva	Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Schult.	Dried Rt.	1 part
26.	Vastakabija	Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.	Dried Sd.	1 part
27.	Vasa	Adhatoda vasica Nees.	Dried Pl.	1 part
28.	Murva	Marsdenia tenacissima W. & A.	Dried Rt.	1 part
29.	Amrita	Tinospora cordifolia Willd.	Dried St.	1 part
30.	Kiratatikta	Swertia chirata Roxb.	Dried Pl.	1 part
31.	Yashtimadhu	Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.	Dried Rt.	1 part
32.	Trayamana	Gentiana kurroo Royle.	Dried Pl.	1 part
Sneha Dravya
33.	Goghrita	Cow’s Ghee (Amul brand)	-	128 parts
Drava Dravya
34.	Amrita Phalarasa (Amalaki Swarasa)	Juice of Indian gooseberry	Fresh Fr.	256 parts
35.	Jala	Potable Water	-	1024 parts

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(11)96

Dipali Patel et al. Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita

Table 3: Batchwise date of preparation of drug

Batch No.	Drug preparation date
I	23/3/23
II	27/3/23
III	27/4/23
IV	30/4/23
V	01/5/23

Table 4: Microbial profile

1. Smear Examination	A) 10% KOH Preparation
1. Smear Examination	B) Gram’s stain Test
2. Culture Study	C) Fungal culture
2. Culture Study	D) Aerobic culture

1. Smear Examination

A. 10% K.O.H. Preparation:

Aim: To rule out any mycological findings.

Specimen: Mahatiktaka Ghrita

Procedure For 10% KOH Preparation

Mix Potassium Hydroxides pellets in distilled water Prepare 10% of the same in clean glass tube & mix well
↓
Take clean grease free glass slide
↓
Put a drop of specimen and add freshly prepared 10% KOH than cover with grease free cover glass
↓
Allow it to react for 15-20 minutes to remove extra debris other than fungal particles
↓
Observe under high power (40x) lens
↓
Note the findings

B. Gram’s stain test:

Figure 1: Smear staining Procedure

Aim: To rule out any bacteriological findings.

Specimen: Mahatiktaka Ghrita

Procedure for Gram’s Stain

Take clean grease free glass slide to prepare dry equal thick preparation (i.e. smear)
↓
Fix prepared smear by passing 3-4 times over the flame of Bunsen burner (The fixation kills vegetative form of microbes and render them permeable to stain, make material stick to the surface of slide & prevent autolytic changes)
↓
Cover fixed prepared smear with Gram’s crystal violet solution and allow to remain for mentioned time as per kit procedure
↓
Wash off smear to remove excessive reagent with tap water
↓
Cover smear with Gram’s Iodine solution and allow remaining for mentioned time as per kit procedure
↓
Wash off smear to remove excessive reagent with tap water
↓
Decolourize smear with Gram’s decolourizer by holding the slide at slope position and pour gram’s decolourizer – acetone from its upper end upto the removal of colour of primary dye (i.e., Gram’s Crystal Violet) or as per kit procedure
↓
Wash off smear to remove excessive reagent with tap water
↓
Cover smear with Safranin solution and allow remaining for mentioned time as per kit procedure
↓
Wash off smear to remove excessive reagent with tap water
↓
Examine under oil immersion lens
↓
Note the findings

Figure 2: Smear staining Procedure

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(11)97

Dipali Patel et al. Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita

2. Culture Study

C. Fungal culture

The materials collected with sterile cotton swab for inoculation purpose on selected fungal culture media (an artificial preparation). Details of a fungal culture media used in study is described in Table 5.

Table 5: Fungal Culture

Name of media	Sabouraud Dextrose Agar Base (SDA), Modified (Dextrose Agar Base, Emmons)
Company	HIMEDIA Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.
Required time duration	05 to 07 days
Required temperature	37°C
Use of media	For selective cultivation of pathogenic fungi.

Procedure For Fungal Culture

In the clinical microbiology laboratory culture method are employed for isolation of organisms (The lawn / streak culture method is routinely employed)
↓
Choose appropriate selective solid media for inoculation purpose
↓
Dry selective solid media in Hot Air Oven before specimen inoculation Allow to cool dried medium before Specimen inoculation
↓
Inoculate selective specimen by Sterile cotton swab or by Nichrome wire (24 S.W.G.size) loop [First sterile loop in Bunsen burner oxidase flame-blue flame and allow it to cool, then loop is charged with selected specimen to be cultured. One loop full of the specimen is transferred onto the onto the surface of well dried culture media]
↓
After inoculation / streaking process incubate inoculated medium in inverted position at 370 c for 05 to 07 to 21 days in incubator (incubation days are as per growth requirement) under aerobic atmosphere
↓
After selected incubation period examined growth by necked eye in form of colony or arial growth and confirm growth by performing different related biochemical reactions and different related staining procedures. After that report isolates.
↓
After that report isolates

Table 6: Aerobic Culture

Name of media	Mac Conkey Agar (MA) and Columbia Blood agar (BA)
Company	HIMEDIA Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.
Required time duration	24 to 48 hours
Required temperature	37°C
Use of media	For selective cultivation of pathogenic bacteria

D. Aerobic Culture method

Respected materials collected with sterile cotton swab for inoculation purpose on selected aerobic culture media (an artificial preparation). Details of aerobic culture media used in the study is described in Table no. 6.

Figure 3: Sabouraud Dextrose Agar Base (SDA) bottles

Figure 4: Procedure for Fungal Culture

Figure 5: MacConkey Agar (MA)

Figure 6: Procedure for Aerobic culture

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(11)98

Dipali Patel et al. Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita

Procedure For Aerobic Culture

In the clinical microbiology laboratory culture method are employed for isolation of organism (The streak culture method is routinely employed)
↓
Choose appropriate selective solid media for inoculation purpose
↓
Dry selective solid media in Hot Air Oven before specimen inoculation, allow to cool dried medium before specimen inoculation
↓
Inoculate selected specimen by four flame method (the loop should be flamed and cooled between the different sets of streaks i.e. four time) on surface of cool dried medium with nichrome wire (24 S.W.G. size) loop [first sterile loop in Bunsen burner oxidase flame – blue flame and allow it to cool than loop is charged with selected specimen to be cultured. One loopful of the specimen is transferred onto the surface of well dried plate]
↓
After streaking process incubate inoculated medium in inverted position at 37°C for 18-24 hours in incubator under aerobic or 10% CO2 atmosphere. After streaking process incubate inoculated medium in inverted position at 37°C for 18-24 hours in incubator under aerobic or 10% CO2 atmosphere
↓
After selected incubation period examined growth by naked eye in form of colony and confirm growth by performing different related biochemical reactions and different related staining procedures.
↓
After that report isolates

Observations and Results

According to batch of prepared drug used in clinical study, at regular time interval prepared samples were subjected to the microbiological study till completion of the study.

Table 7: Observations and results of Stability tests

SN	Date of Sample given for test	Study conducted at (No. of days)	Avg. Temp. (°C)[9]	Avg. Humidity (%)[10]	Observations/Findings
SN	Date of Sample given for test	Study conducted at (No. of days)	Avg. Temp. (°C)[9]	Avg. Humidity (%)[10]	Gram’s Stain	Aerobic culture	Wet mount/ 10% KOH Preparation	Fungal culture
1.	5/7/23	105 days	36°C	73.2 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
2.	10/8/23	141 days	32°C	80.1 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
3.	13/9/23	175 days	37°C	76.6 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
4.	9/10/23	202 days	36°C	69.5 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
5.	9/11/23	227 days	37°C	67.5 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
6.	7/12/23	255 days	30°C	61.1 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
7.	11/1/24	290 days	33°C	52.4 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
8.	12/2/24	291 days	31°C	69.7 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
9.	11/3/24	320 days	36°C	70.8 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
10.	16/4/24	353 days	41°C	70.9 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
11.	9/5/24	376 days	42°C	72.1 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(11)99

Dipali Patel et al. Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita

12.	10/6/24	409 days	42°C	74.2 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
13.	9/7/24	436 days	36°C	73.6 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
14.	8/8/24	466 days	32°C	77.9 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated
15.	5/9/24	494 days	31°C	75.8 %	Absence of microorganisms	No organisms isolated	Structure resembling fungal filaments not seen	No fungal pathogen isolated

Graph 1: Timeline of Temperature and RH throughout the Study period.

Discussion

Pharmaceutical stability studies are crucial for regulatory approval, ensuring that drugs maintain their intended quality and safety throughout their shelf-life, which is defined as the period from production to intended use. In the case of herbal formulations, the unscientific collection, storage, and transportation methods expose raw materials to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, which can lead to product deterioration.^[¹¹^] The lack of regulation in the herbal supplement industry further increases the risk of microbial contamination, posing potential health hazards to consumers. A drug's shelf-life is determined by various factors, including organoleptic properties to microbiological safety, to guarantee that the product remains safe and effective for use before expiration. In present study microbiological stability assessment of Mahatiktaka Ghrita was conducted. Samples were selected based on those used in the clinical study to detect any microbiological contamination in the entire batch of the finished product.

Variations in temperature and humidity of the environment were monitored and recorded throughout the study period. Mahatiktaka Ghrita, prepared and stored at room temperature, ranging from a minimum of 30°C to a maximum of 42°C, conditions favourable for bacterial growth-remarkably remained free of microbes. Located in the coastal region of Jamnagar, which is known for its consistently high relative humidity throughout the year, it defied expectations. Despite relative humidity levels varying from a low of 52.4% on January 11, 2024 to a high of 80.1% on August 10, 2023 as shown in Table no. 7, no bacterial or fungal growth was detected throughout the duration of the study. During this study period, no any microbe was isolated as a result of aerobic culture and no any fungal pathogen was isolated as a result of fungal culture (Table 6). Thus, at the end of study, it was observed that finished drug samples studied at different time intervals and at different climatic conditions did not show any presence of microbes in them. While the general concept of stability for both Ayurvedic and modern medicines remains the same, the specific parameters used to assess stability may differ depending on the product.

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(11)100

Dipali Patel et al. Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita

Conclusion

Stability study is an essential part of product development and regulatory processes, aimed at ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of products over time. In the current study, the microbiological analysis of Mahatiktaka Ghrita demonstrated no bacterial or fungal growth up to sixteen months from its preparation, indicating a good shelf life. Additionally, the study confirmed that the drug's quality remained within standard parameters under various climatic conditions, with relative humidity ranging from 52.4 % to 80.1 % and temperatures between 30°C and 42°C.

References

1. Kommanaboyina B, Rhodes CT. Trends in stability testing, with emphasis on stability during distribution and storage. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 1999; 25(7):857-868.

2. Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita of Acharya Charaka, Dridhabala krit, edited by Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamaji Sutrasthana, Ch.13, Ver.13. 2nd edition. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan; 2020.p.82.

3. Utility of Ghrita. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences 2022;11(7): 3400-3412.

4. Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita of Acharya Charaka, Dridhabala krit, edited by Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamaji Acharya. Chikitsasthana, Ch.7, Ver.144-150. 2nd edition. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan; 2020.p.457.

5. Ankit G, Mundeep J, Prajapati PK. Shelf life of Ayurvedic dosage forms - Traditional view, current status and prospective need. Indian J Tradit Knowl 2011; 10(4):672-677.

6. Brahmanand Tripathi, editor. Sharangadhara Samhita of Acharya Sharangadhara with Dipika Hindi Commentary, Paribhasha Prakarana Cha.2 Ver. 55, Reprint ed. Varanasi: Choukhamba Surbharti Prakashan; 2020. p.14

7. Acharya Siddhinandan Mishra, editor. Yogaratnakara with Siddhiprada Hindi Commentry, Jwaradhikara Cha. 2 Ver. 172, first edition. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2020, p.210

8. Shelf life or expiry date for Ayurvedic medicines- Drugs and Cosmetics (Amendment) Rules, 2005 by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. Available from: shelf_life_notification_241105_.pdf (amam-ayurveda.org)

9. Available from: https://www.accuweather.com/en/in /jamnagar/188165/january-weather/188165?year= 2024

10. Available from: https://www.indianclimate.envitrans. com/relative-humidity-data.php

11. Dubey NK, Kumar A, Singh P, Shukla R. Microbial contamination of raw materials: A major reason for the decline of India’s share in the global herbal market. Current Science, 2008; 95(6): 717-718.

Disclaimer / Publisher's NoteThe statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of Journals and/or the editor(s). Journals and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(11)101

Research Article

Mahatiktaka Ghrita

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

Exploring the stability of Mahatiktaka Ghrita: A comprehensive study on Microbial Integrity

Patel D1*, Cholera M2, BJ Patgiri3

Introduction

Aim

Materials and Methods

Drug materials

Observations and Results

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Patel D^1*, Cholera M², BJ Patgiri³