E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Trayopstambha

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 9 SEPTEMBER
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Practical Approach of Trayopstambha in Preventing Autoimmune Disorders

Parul C1*, Vipin CK2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.9.34

1* Chauhan Parul, Assistant Professor, Department of Agadtantra evam Vidhivaidyaka, COER Medical College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

2 Chauhan Kumar Vipin, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Agadtantra evam Vidhivaidyaka, Uttaranchal Ayurvedic College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Trayopstambha are – Aahar, Nidra and Brahmcharya. All of them are helpful for living a healthy life. In all autoimmune disease like Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus Erythematous, Celiac diseases, Polymyalgia, Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 DM and Alopecia aerata body immune system is affected due to over activity of free radicals. Free radicals’ activity is increased due to disbalance in Trayopstambha. Aama Rasa is responsible for development of all autoimmune diseases. This Aama Rasa can be compared to free radical which causes destruction of healthy tissues. Aama's etiological factors may be classified as Aharja, Viharaja and Manasika. Not only food in larger amount, but also qualities such as Guru, Sheeta, Shushka, Ruksha, Vidahi, Viruddha Ahara (incompatible diet), Ajeernabhojana (indigestion), Asatmya Bhojana (toxic food) or Abhojana (self-restraint from food), Deevasvapna (keeping wakeful in the night and sleeping in the day), are chief factors accountable for the creation of Aama. The condition of Aama formation is also exaggerated by mental disorder due to disturbance in Nidra and Brahmcharya. Acharya Sushruta stressed that Nidana is the simple and uttermost basis for a treatment. Prevention is always better than a cure. If we follow proper regimen of Trayopstambha it makes metabolism better, decrease free radical activity in body and reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases.

Keywords: Autoimmune, Disease, tissue, healthy, Aama, Trayopstambha

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Chauhan Parul, Assistant Professor, Department of Agadtantra evam Vidhivaidyaka, COER Medical College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
Email: 		Parul C, Vipin CK, Practical Approach of Trayopstambha in Preventing Autoimmune Disorders. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(9):211-214.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3834

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-08-11 2024-08-21 2024-08-31 2024-09-11 2024-09-24
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None Nil Yes 12.14

© 2024by Parul C, Vipin CKand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

In Ayurveda three Upstambha are described. If we use all Upstambha in well manner it gives proper growth of Bala and Varna.[1]

  • Aahar: source of energy
  • Nidra: state of energy conservation
  • Brahmcharya: Act of energy conservation

In all Upstambha, Aahar is one of the important factor for development of autoimmune diseases. Among all material which bears the body Anna is the best. According to Ayurveda if we take Hita and Satwik Aahar it improves the mental health. It improves the color, voice, strength, learning capacity and immunity of a person. A balanced diet contained carbohydrates 50 - 60 %, proteins 10 -15 %, fats 20 - 30 %, dietary fibers, antioxidants and phytochemicals. The term antioxidants include vitamins, minerals that protect the body from harmful free radical’s damage. Phytochemicals include polyphenols, flavones etc. which also give protection against free radicle damage. In Ayurveda concept of Viruddha Aahar is also found. Food which aggravate the Doshas but does not eliminate the Doshas from body is called Viruddha Aahar.[2]

According to Acharyas Aama Visha is formed due to this type of food. Many combinations of foods like milk and curd, milk and acidic fruits, tea and garlic, egg with fruits etc. are found under this category and causes many diseases. Aama Visha is the main cause of formation of free radicals in body, and due to increased activity of free radicals autoimmune diseases are developed. So, if we want a healthy body which is free from autoimmune diseases, we should take a proper Aahar. Nidra is second Upstambha. A healthy adult needs 7- 9 hours sleep per night to function at their best. children and teen need even more sleep hours. According to Ayurveda appropriate sleep (Uchita Nidra) provide long life, immunity, nutrition, and power to individuals. Acharya Charak describes six types of Nidra. They are Ratriswabhava Prabhava. Tamobhava, Shleshma Samuddbhava, Manahsharirshrma Sambhava, Aagantuki and Vyadhyanuvartini.[3] In all of these Ratriswabhavaprabhava is called Bhutadhatri and Tamobhava Nidra is the cause of Paap. All other four types of Nidra are cause of many diseases. Acharya Sushruta told about three types of Nidra - Vaishnavi, Vaikariki and Tamsi.

In all of these Vaishnavi Nidra is good for health and other two types of Nidra are cause of many diseases.[4] Less sleep (Alpa Nidra) and excessive sleep (Aatinidra) both are harmful for health. Less sleep (Alpa Nidra) is the cause of Vata Prakopa (aggravation of Vata) and Excessive sleep (Aatinidra) is the cause of Aama Utpatti (formation of Aama) and Kapha Prakopa (aggravation of Kapha). They all are cause of many diseases. So, proper sleep is responsible for a healthy body. According to Acharya Charak Third and last Upstambha is Brhamcharya. Brahmcharya is related to Shukra Raksha. According to Acharyas Shukra Guna is like Ooja Guna and Ooja is the foundation of life. Shukra Kshaya or Oja Kshaya is the cause of Vata Vriddhi. Acharya Vagabhatta include Abrahmcharya in Trayopstambha.

Autoimmune diseases: Our body’s immune system protects us from diseases and infection. But if we have an autoimmune disease, our immune system attacks healthy cells in our body by mistakes. Autoimmune diseases can affect many parts of the body. There are more than 80 types of autoimmune diseases, and some have similar symptoms. Nearly any body part can be involved. Common symptoms include low grade fever and feeling tired. In all autoimmune disease like Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus Erythematous, Celiac diseases, Polymyalgia, Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 DM, Alopecia areata, Grave’s disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Psoriasis are the common autoimmune diseases occurring in human being. Autoimmune diseases are developed due to free radical reactions and oxidative stress. NSAIDS, immunosuppressants and intravenous immunoglobulin are the only option given in allopathic medicine system. Autoimmune diseases have a wide variety of different effects. They do tend to have one of three characteristics pathological effects which characterize them as autoimmune diseases.

  • Damage to or destruction of tissues
  • Altered organ growth
  • Altered organ function

There are some examples of autoimmune diseases:

Rheumatoid arthritis: RA is a proportioned destructive and deforming polyarthritis that affects small and large synovial joints with systemic interruption.


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There is a multiplicity of extra articular features such as pain, edema, carditis, lymphadenopathy, etc. Factor of RA.[5]

Lupus Erythematous: An inflammatory disease caused when the immune system attacks its own tissues. Lupus (SLE) can affect the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs.

Coeliac diseases: in this disease the immune reaction to eating gluten creates gluten creates inflammation that damages the small intestine lining, leading to medical complications. It also prevents absorption of some nutrients.[6]

Polymyalgia rheumatica: An inflammatory disorder causing muscle pain and stiffness around the shoulders and hips. Sometime this condition occurs with temporal arteritis, a more serious condition that cause inflammation of lining of arteries.

Multiple Sclerosis: it is a disease in which immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves. In this condition resulting nerve damage disrupts communication between rain and body.

Type 1 DM: This is a condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. In this condition the immune system destroys cells of pancreas.

Alopecia areata: Sudden hair loss that start with one or more circular bald patches that may overlap is called Alopecia areata. This condition occurs when the immune system attacks hair follicles and may be brought on by severe stress.

Grave’s disease: An immune system disorder of the butterfly shaped gland in the throat (thyroid). The thyroid overproduces hormones. Symptoms includes puffy eyes, anxiety and tremors.

Psoriasis: A condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy, dry patches. Triggers include infections, stress and cold.

Sjogren’s syndrome: it is an immune disorder characterized by dry mouth and dry eyes. In this condition the body immune system attacks its own healthy cells that produce saliva and tears.

Aama and its relation to autoimmune diseases: Aama, the product of metabolic defect, was measured as important factor in the pathogenesis of most diseases in Ayurvedic classics.

The word Aama, which is a synonym that is given to the Vyadhi, also reflects its importance.

The undigested residue of food is formed due to the compact operation of the Agni. This remainder is called Aama and is thought to be the basic cause of all the diseases.[7] Aama's etiological factors may be classified as:

  • Aharaja
  • Viharaja
  • Mansika

1) Aaharja:Not only food in larger amount, but also qualities such as Guru, Sheeta, Shushka, Ruksha, Vidahi, Viruddha Aahara (incompatible diet) and untimely indulgence in obnoxious foodstuffs causes Aama. Ajeernabhojana (indigestion), Asatmya Bhojana (toxic food) or Abhojana (self-restraint from food) may also cause Aama in addition to above mentioned causes.[8]

2) Viharaja:Deevasvapna (keeping wakeful in the night and sleeping in the day), Dukhashaya (uncomfortable bedding), Atyambupana (undue water intake just after food) are chief factors accountable for the creation of Aama.[9]

3) Manasika:The key factors liable for causing Aama are the utilization of food when individuals are exaggerated by mental disorder due to Lobha, Moha, Kama, Krodha, Irshya, Shoka, Bhaya, Lajja, Chinta, Mano Udvega, Manoglani, etc.

Properties of Aama and free radicals: A free radical is an ion containing one or more unpaired, highly unstable and reactive electrons. Produced by incomplete food material metabolism caused by Mandagni leading to the development of disease. It contains one or more unpaired electrons, which require neutralization by free radicals. It therefore exists in an incomplete metabolic condition. Free radicals cannot be assimilated in the body. Hence destruction of cells by free radicals, they quickly interact with the healthy movement to seek stability in their structure. Aama shows free radicals like properties for ex; Asamyuktam (in an unassimilable state) and Pichhilam[10] (Aama sticks very quickly to normal healthy body tissue) and cause destruction of tissues.

For example: Aamavata is the consequence of Aama combination with Vata Dosha. It is also essential to talk about Vata Dosha in correlation with Aamavata.


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Vata is the chief operator of all sorts of body activities. Only under the manipulation of Vata Dosha, all types of intentional or unintentional movements are made. Symptoms such as tenderness, stiffness, and restricted movement in Aamavata are due to Vata Dosha's vitiation. Therefore, the preponderance of Vata Dosha is well understood in Aamavata.

Conclusion

Proper use of principles of all three Upstambha is helpful for living a healthy life. Because imbalance in Trayopstambha aggravates development of Aama in the body. If we focus on Trayopstambha i.e. if we take Hitkar Aahar Dravya like antioxidant rich diet, takes proper sound sleep, wakes up in brahma muhurta, does daily works on time, goes to walk and exercise, follow daily regimen etc. then it influences the enzymatic activity, reduce stress level, removes toxic substances from body, and thus reduce the formation of free radicals and the risk of autoimmune diseases. So, we can say that proper follow up of trayopstambha is necessary in prevention of autoimmune disease and for living a healthy life. Acharya Sushruta laid his stress on Nidana pariversion which is the simple and uttermost basis for a treatment. Prevention is always better than a cure.

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6. Sorkozy Marta, Gasper Renata, Gamori Kamilla, Effect of proteoglycans on oxidative/nitrative stress, current organic chemistry, revised 11 Oct 2016.

7. Tripathi Brahmanand Charak chandrika, charak samhita, (uttrardha Chikitsa sthana), Varanasi: Chaukhamba surbharti prakashana: P- 460
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10. Rakshita Vijay, Datta kantha, Madhukosh Vidyotini Teeka, Madhav Nidana, 26th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthana: 1996. P.461


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