E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Panchakarma

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 12 DECEMBER
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Conceptual Review on the role of Panchakarma practice in Swastha

Manjunatharao SV1*, Shreyas DM2, Goud KM3
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.12.25

1* Manjunatharao SV, Final Year Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Panchakarma, Sri Kalabyraveshwara Swamy Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

2 Shreyas DM, Assistant Professor, Dept of Panchakarma, Sri Kalabyraveshwara Swamy Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

3 Kiran M Goud, Professor, Dept of Panchakarma, Sri Kalabyraveshwara Swamy Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Panchakarma is an ancient Ayurvedic practice focused on detoxification therapy, In Ayurveda, it plays a significant role in maintaining and restoring health, The term “Panchakarma” literally means five actions referring to five distinct therapeutic procedures (Vamana, Virechana, Anuvasana Basti, Asthapana Basti and Nasya) designed to cleanse the body of toxins. Swastha means being established in one self and is defines as a state where the mind, body and spirit are balanced and the Doshas, (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) Agni, Dhatus, Malas and Indriyas function optimally. In Swastha, Panchakarma serves as both a preventive and curative practice, regular Panchakarma treatment can support the natural detoxification process promote longevity, enhance immunity and keep the individual in a state of normalcy with their environment it is also customized based on an individual’s Prakruti (constitution) current Dosha imbalances (Vikruti) and health condition.

Keywords: Panchakarma practice, Swastha

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Manjunatharao SV, Final Year Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Panchakarma, Sri Kalabyraveshwara Swamy Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Manjunatharao SV, Shreyas DM, Goud KM, Conceptual Review on the role of Panchakarma practice in Swastha. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(12):199-204.
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Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-11-09 2024-11-19 2024-11-29 2024-12-09 2024-12-24
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© 2024by Manjunatharao SV, Shreyas DM, Goud KMand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(12)199
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Manjunatharao SV et al. Conceptual Review on the role of Panchakarma practice in Swastha

Introduction

Health is a basic prerequisite for an individual for the upliftment of social, spiritual, physical and mental aspects. Ayurveda is a life science that contains an ocean of knowledge. Ayurvedic treatments have two aspects for the maintenance of health (preventive aspect and curative aspect). Ayurvedic treatments maintain health in a healthy person by balancing the Dosha and cures the disease by normalizing the Dosha through Shodhana or Shamana Chikitsa.[1]

In today’s busy schedule it is important to give time to our health for the future. So Panchakarma helps to clean the body of impurities. In an age of competition and industrialization, the risk of lifestyle disorders has increased. The guidelines for performing various Panchakarma procedures have been laid down and revised at various times. It is our duty as Ayurveda practitioners to ensure that Panchakarma practices do not deviate from these norms One is considered healthy when the Doshas, digestive fire, and bodily functions are balanced, and when the soul, senses, and mind are in a pleasant state.[2] One who is free from disease is known as Swastha and the state of Swastha is known as Swasthya (a sound state of the body or soul) which means an equilibrium state of Dhatus and free from aggravating factors.[3] This above explanation is similar to that of the world health organization which states that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Appropriately administered Panchakarmas - Cure disease in the diseased, helps in promoting the body’s immunity and thereby prevent any disease.[4]

Approaches to maintain Swastha

  • Dinacharya
  • Rutucharya
  • In Administration of Rasayana

Role of Panchakarma in Dinacharya

Abhyanga

Daily application of oil is recommended as it helps to overcome Shrama (fatigue), slow down the aging process and combat Vata Dosha, It bestows good vision, nourishment to the body, longlife, good sleep and healthy skin.[5]

Udvartana

Daily adaption of Udvartana alleviates Kapha, liquifies Medas, provides stability to the body parts, and promotes healthy skin. Ex - Triphala Churna, Kolakulattadi Churna and Yava Churna etc.[6]

Prayogika Dhumapana

By practicing Dhumapana on a daily basis, one brings about lightness in Ura, Kanta, and Shira region and liquification of Kapha.[7]

Pratimarsha Nasya

It is recommended that Pratimarsha Nasya be used daily; often, Anutaila is used for this purpose. It balances Vata Dosha and brings unctuousness to the head and neck region, preventing degenerative illnesses of the brain and sense organs in particular, One should use Anutaila during 3 seasons i.e., Pravrut, Sharat and Vasanta Rutu when the sky is free from clouds.[8]

Gandushadharana

Filling of mouth with the medicated Dravya is known as Gandusha. Gandusha Dharana helps to strengthen the jaws, Improve the Swara, tighten a Flabby face, enhance taste, and prevent Kantashosha, Oshta Sphutana (cracking of lips) Dantashula and Dantakshaya, Strengthens the gums, Not getting horripilation by intake of Amla Dravya and can able to chew hardest eatables.[9]

Vyayama

Physical exercise benefits the body by promoting the proper functioning of Agni which helps metabolism at various levels and regulates day-to-day transient vitiation of Dosha.[10]

Name of RutuIndian nameAs per Sushruta
(Su.su 6/6)		Bala
SisiraMagha - PhalgunaTapa-TapasyaPravara
VasantaChaitra - VaisakhaMadhu-MadhavaMadhyama
GrishmaJyestha - AsadhaSuci-SukraAvara
VarsaSravana - BhadrapadaNabha-NabhasyaAvara
SaratAsvija - KartikaIsa-UrjaMadhyama
HemantaMargasira - PusyaSaha-SahasyaPravara

Masa Anusara Panchakarma

MadhavaChaitra (March-April)
NabhasyaSravana (July-August)
SahasyaMargasira (November-December)

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Manjunatharao SV et al. Conceptual Review on the role of Panchakarma practice in Swastha

Panchakarma in Rutucharya

RutuPanchakarma and Upakramas
Hemanta RutuAbhyanga, Utsadana, Murdhni Taila, Jenthaka Sweda.[11]
Abhyanga with Vatahara Taila, Murdhni Taila Vimardana and Padaghata.[12]
Vasanta RutuTikshna Vamana, Nasya, Vyayama, Udvartana, Padaghata, Karpura, Chandana, Agaru, Kumkuma Lepa.[13]
Greeshma RutuChandana Lepa.[14]
Varsha RutuPragarsha Udwartana.[15]
Ashthapana Basti.[16]
Sharat RutuSnehapana like Tiktaka Ghrita. Virechana and Raktamokshana.[17]
Sisira RutuAbhyanga, Utsadana, Murdhni Taila, Jenthaka Sweda.[18]
Abhyanga with Vatahara Taila, Murdhni Taila Vimardana and Padaghata.[19]

In the months of Chaitra (March-April), Sravana (July-August) and Margasira (November-December) one should administer Shodhana Karma.

After Snehana and Swedana, one should administer Vamana and Virechana. Then after Basti and Nasya in proper sequence according to requirement. And thereafter Rasayana and Vajikarana.

If this is done the Dhatu are maintained in homeostasis and Vyadhis are not caused. There is proper growth of tissue elements and the process of aging is delayed.[20]

Significance of Panchakarma in Rasayana Prayoga

How the dirty cloth does not shine similarly the Rasayana Vidhi will not help to individual those who have not undergone Shodhana Karma.[21],[22]

Discussion

As mentioned earlier, Panchakarma practice in Swastha Purushas aim at two aspects - promotive and preventive aspects which can be achieved by practicing various Panchakarma regimens mentioned in Dinacharya and Rutucharya.

One who smears his head with unctuous substance daily does not suffer from headache, alopecia, greying of hair, nor do his fall. By applying oil on head regularly, strength of skull-parts increases particularly, hairs become firm-rooted, long and black. Sense organs become cheerful and face with pleasant glow along with sound sleep and happiness.[23]

Dhumapana cures Heaviness of head, Headache, Rhinitis, Hemicrania, Earache, Pain in eye, Cough, Hiccough, Dyspnoea, Obstruction in throat.[24] Pratimarsha Nasya is good from birth to death just like enema therapy. It provides the benefits like Marsha if used daily; it does not need any restricted regimen and has no fear of complication.[25]

Diseases prevented by performing Shodhana - The Doshas, undergoing increase slowly, in the body of such persons, who are negligent of taking Shodhana, produce many diseases like Atisthoulya, Agnisada, Meha, Kushta, Srotorodha, Akshavibramsha, Swasa, Shvayathu, Panduta etc.[26]

Even though taking nourishing foods all these diseases develop in the body because the channels of the Rasadhatu will have become coated with the increased Doshas. Hence in order to promote health it is necessary to Shodhanas suitably. Panchakarma is a five procedure bio cleansing system that helps to maintain Doshas, remove disease-causing substances from the body, and prevent disease recurrence and progression.

Shodhana increases skin tone, complexion, mental clarity, and intelligence by promoting Kayagni, curing ailments, keeping the Doshas in balance, and improving colour, complexion, mind, and intelligence. It also enhances one's strength and vitality, allowing one to live a longer and healthier life. Considering all of the Shodhana's benefits, it's thought that Shodhana affects practically all of the body's systems, particularly the digestive, endocrine, and metabolic systems. Shodhana is thought to improve all metabolic waste products and eliminate free radicals, hence giving a foundation for the entire body to revitalize.

After the Panchakarma therapy, biochemicals in the body return to normal levels, according to clinical studies. Public health concerns can be done if Panchakarma is well supported with strong scientific evidence and confirmation. This helps in the treatment of a disease. According to scientific investigations, detoxification methods appear to help in the more effective elimination of chronic diseases. Success of Panchakarma is dependent on properly performed Purva, Pradhana, and Paschat Karma. Panchakarma. It mandates a qualified Bhishaka, Paricharaka, Ausadha, and Rogi. It is practiced in different parts of India and many other countries.


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Panchakarma treatment is unique in the sense that it includes preventive, curative, and promotive actions for various diseases. Panchakarma not only eliminate the disease causing toxins but also revitalizes the tissues. This is why it is popularly known as Rejuvenation therapy. Benefits of timely performed Shodhana - By the administration of these therapies the vitiated Doshas are eliminated from the body through the alimentary tract. The power of digestion and metabolism is enhanced, diseases are cured and his normal health is restored; the Sence faculties, Mind, Intelligence, and complexion becomes clear; He gain Strength, Plumpness, Offsprings and Virility; He is not affected by old age and lives long without any disease. Therefore, one should take proper Shodhana in time.[27]

Conclusion

The administration of Panchakarma without deviating from the general guidelines mentioned in the classics is possible through the 4 Chatushpadas. This is especially true from a practical point of view in scenarios such as PG and non PG centers, clinics with and without Panchakarma setups and government and private Ayurvedic hospitals with and without adequate Panchakarma therapist staff etc. So, the need of the hour is to practice Panchakarma procedures while following all the standard guidelines and Standard operating procedures with the available sources and facilities, without compromising the basic principles explained in the Samhitas. This ensures Patient Safety and Physician Safety. Practicing Dinacharya, Rutucharya and Rutushodhana can bestow both preventive and therapeutic benefits of Panchakarma in Swastha Purusha.

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