A previous study was conducted to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic effect (Lekhana Karma) of Panchavalkala bark extracts, both individually and in combination (in equal parts), using ethanol and water extracts on blood lipid levels in rats with a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia over a 30-day period. When administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, the Panchavalkala extracts (both ethanolic and aqueous) effectively reduced weight gain, blood sugar, and lipid levels caused by the high-fat diet, showing significant improvement compared to the diet-only group. These results suggest that Panchavalkala bark extracts have notable antihyperlipidemic properties and may be beneficial in treating high cholesterol.[9]
The pancreatic lipase inhibition activity was tested invitro for aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Panchavalkala both individually and in combination (in equal parts), with Orlistat as the standard synthetic drug and caffeine as a natural positive control. The results showed that the individual and combined extracts significantly inhibited pancreatic lipase, except for the ethanolic extract of Parisha. These findings suggest that both the combined and individual extracts may help in treating hyperlipidemia and obesity by inhibiting pancreatic lipase.[10]
Arjuna
Arjuna is described as Kapha Medohara.[11] The antihyperlipidemic activity of this drug is due to the presence of phytoconstituents like Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Tannins present in the drug[12] The petroleum ether (A), solvent ether (B), ethanol (C), and water (D) extracts of Terminalia arjuna were tested for their ability to reduce the lipid levels in the body. These extracts were evaluated using two models: rats with high fat levels induced by Triton WR-1339 and hamsters fed a high-fat, fructose-rich diet to simulate diabetes and high cholesterol. After administering 250 mg/kg of each extract orally, only the ethanol extract (C) significantly reduced fat levels in the rats by lowering plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids. In the hamster model, both the solvent ether extract (B) and ethanol extract (C) were effective in reducing fat and glucose levels. In the in vitro experiment, the extracts (at concentrations of 50–500 µg/ml) prevented oxidative damage to fats in human LDL and rat liver cells caused by metal ions.
Among the fractions, the ethanol extract (C) was the most effective, followed by the solvent ether extract (B) and petroleum ether extract (A), showing that T. arjuna has strong potential as both an antioxidant and a lipid-lowering agent.[13] Diet-induced hyperlipidemic rabbits were given 50% ethanolic extract ofTerminalia Arjunatree bark at doses of 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg and their results were compared with a control group. After 60 days of intervention, it was found that the extract did not adversely affect biochemical tests of liver and renal function and haematological parameters.[14]
Khadira
Khadira is described as Kapha Medagna.[15] Also the flavonoids present in the drugs like Catechin, Epicatechin, Kaempferol etc. has lipid lowering effects.[16,17] The ethanolic extract of Areca catechu hardwood exhibited significant anti-dyslipidemic effects in Syrian golden hamsters fed a high-fat diet (HFD). This was demonstrated by a reduction of approximately 43% in serum triglyceride levels and 26% in total cholesterol levels.[18] The antihyperlipidemic effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Acacia catechu (Lf) Wild leaves was evaluated using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. The extract was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for 30 days. Lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured. The treatment significantly reduced cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels, while increasing HDL levels. These findings indicate that the extract has strong antihyperlipidemic properties and may be useful for managing lipid disorders associated with diabetes.[19]
Bhurjapathra
Bhurjapathra is described as Shelshmamedohara.[20] The phenolic compounds like Betulinic acid, Betulin etc, Flavanoids like Quercetin, Terpenoids present in the drug helps to attain the antihyperlipidemic activity.[21] The anti-obesity effects pertaining toBetula utilis(BU)ethanolic extractin high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity andhyperlipidemic rat model was evaluated in the male rats by administering HFD for 10 weeks and found that the drug BU supplementation decreasesbody weight,
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