E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Episiotomy Wound Healing

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2025 Volume 10 Number 5 MAY
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Efficacy of Durvadi Taila in Episiotomy Wound Healing: An Ayurvedic Perspective

Shokhanda K1*, Sharma M2, Gupta P3
DOI:10.21760/jaims.10.5.26

1* Kajal Shokhanda, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Prasuti Tantra Avum Stree Roga, Sri Sai Ayurvedic PG Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

2 Monika Sharma, Associate Professor, Department of Prasuti Tantra Avum Stree Roga, Sri Sai Ayurvedic PG Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

3 Payal Gupta, Assistant Professor, Department of Prasuti Tantra Avum Stree Roga, Sri Sai Ayurvedic PG Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Episiotomy, a surgical incision during childbirth, often poses challenges in wound healing, increasing maternal morbidity. Despite advancements in modern wound management, complications like infection, delayed healing, and discomfort remain common. Ayurveda offers a comprehensive approach to wound management, described under the umbrella of Vrana Chikitsa. Durvadi Taila, a classical Ayurvedic medicated oil formulation, is traditionally acclaimed for its Shodhana (cleansing) and Ropana (healing) properties. Comprising herbs like Durva (Cynodon dactylon) known for Raktasthambhana (hemostatic) and Vrana Ropana (wound healing) actions, Durvadi Taila presents a promising natural therapeutic option for enhancing episiotomy wound healing. This review critically evaluates the efficacy of Durvadi Taila based on classical Ayurvedic literature, pharmacological actions of its ingredients, and contemporary research evidence. Preclinical studies demonstrate its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and collagen-promoting activities, while preliminary clinical studies suggest faster wound contraction, better epithelialization, and reduced infection rates. The holistic action of Durvadi Taila aligns with the principles of Shodhana and Ropana, crucial for effective wound management. Additionally, its easy availability, biocompatibility, and minimal side effects make it a favorable alternative or adjunct to conventional treatments. However, challenges such as standardization, quality control, and lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials warrant attention. Integrating Durvadi Taila into postpartum care protocols could significantly benefit maternal health outcomes. Further extensive clinical validation is essential to establish its efficacy and safety conclusively.

Keywords: Durvadi Taila, Episiotomy, Wound Healing, Vrana Chikitsa, Shodhana, Ropana, Postnatal Care, Ayurvedic Medicine

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Kajal Shokhanda, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Prasuti Tantra Avum Stree Roga, Sri Sai Ayurvedic PG Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Email: 		Shokhanda K, Sharma M, Gupta P, Efficacy of Durvadi Taila in Episiotomy Wound Healing: An Ayurvedic Perspective. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2025;10(5):179-185.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/4415/

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2025-04-12 2025-04-24 2025-05-03 2025-05-14 2025-05-24
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None Nil Not required 12.98

© 2025 by Shokhanda K, Sharma M, Gupta P and Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Kajal S et al. Efficacy of Durvadi Taila in Episiotomy Wound Healing

Introduction

Episiotomy is a commonly practiced surgical intervention during vaginal deliveries, intended to enlarge the vaginal orifice and facilitate childbirth. While it serves to prevent uncontrolled perineal tears, it often leads to complications such as delayed wound healing, infection, persistent pain, and discomfort during the postpartum period.[1] Despite advancements in suturing techniques and modern wound management protocols, optimal healing of episiotomy wounds remains a challenge, impacting the overall quality of maternal health care.[2] Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of life sciences, offers a profound understanding of wound management under the domain of Vrana Chikitsa. The classical texts describe the importance of Shodhana (cleansing) and Ropana (healing) in wound care, emphasizing natural therapies that support tissue regeneration and prevent infection.[3] Among the various formulations described, Taila (medicated oil) applications are highly recommended for their Snigdha (unctuous), Ropana (healing), and Daha Prashamana (burn soothing) properties.[4] Durvadi Taila is a notable medicated oil formulation traditionally indicated in the management of bleeding wounds, ulcers, and traumatic injuries. It primarily contains Durva (Cynodon dactylon), renowned for its Raktasthambhana (hemostatic), anti-inflammatory, and Vrana Ropana (wound healing) properties, along with other synergistic herbal ingredients.[5] The pharmacodynamic actions of Durvadi Taila suggest a promising role in enhancing the wound healing process through antimicrobial activity, promotion of collagen synthesis, and acceleration of epithelialization.[6] Given the limitations associated with conventional episiotomy wound management and the rising interest in integrative postpartum care, there is a compelling need to scientifically evaluate traditional Ayurvedic formulations like Durvadi Taila. This review aims to critically appraise the efficacy of Durvadi Taila in the healing of episiotomy wounds, based on classical Ayurvedic principles, pharmacological mechanisms, and contemporary clinical evidence.[7]

Concept of Wound Healing in Ayurveda

Wound healing is a complex biological process that involves the restoration of tissue integrity and function following injury.

In Ayurveda, this process is described under the domain of Vrana Chikitsa, which is concerned with the management of wounds and ulcers. The Ayurvedic perspective on wound healing is based on the principles of Shodhana (cleansing) and Ropana (healing), both of which are integral to the successful resolution of any wound, including those caused by surgical interventions like episiotomy.[8] The primary goal of Vrana Chikitsa is to facilitate rapid and effective healing, preventing complications such as infection, necrosis, or chronic non-healing ulcers.[9] The Ayurvedic texts emphasize the importance of a balanced Prakriti (body constitution), Agni (digestive fire), and the harmonious functioning of the Doshas (bioenergetic forces) in the healing process. In the context of episiotomy wounds, it is believed that an imbalance in the Pitta and Vata Doshas can lead to delayed healing and the formation of non-healing wounds.[10] Therefore, Vrana Chikitsa aims to restore equilibrium among the Doshas, promote healthy tissue regeneration, and prevent Vata derangement, which could impair tissue repair and lead to complications.[11] In addition to Shodhana and Ropana, Ayurveda also recommends the use of specific herbal formulations, oils, and pastes that possess Raktasthambhana (hemostatic), Sthambhana (stopping bleeding), and Vrana Ropana (wound healing) properties. These therapeutic agents help in the regeneration of Shukra (reproductive tissues) and promote the formation of new tissue.[12] Durvadi Taila, with its active ingredients such as Durva (Cynodon dactylon) and Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), aligns with these principles by exerting anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions, which are essential for optimal wound healing.[13]

Role of Durvadi Taila in Episiotomy Wound Healing

In recent years, the use of Ayurvedic oils for wound healing has gained attention due to their natural, non-toxic properties and therapeutic effects. Durvadi Taila is one such oil that has been traditionally used for managing various types of wounds, including surgical ones like episiotomy. This oil is formulated with several potent herbs such as Durva (Cynodon dactylon), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), and Bala (Sida cordifolia), known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and healing properties.[14]


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The pharmacological actions of Durvadi Taila are aligned with Ayurvedic principles of wound healing, specifically in balancing the Doshas and promoting tissue regeneration. Durvadi Taila plays a significant role in reducing inflammation, a key component in wound healing. The oil contains compounds that exert anti-inflammatory effects, which can prevent excessive swelling, pain, and discomfort in the initial stages of wound recovery.[15] Additionally, Durvadi Taila is known for its ability to promote faster healing by supporting the formation of new tissue and aiding in the contraction of the wound.[16] The herb Durva, for example, is rich in alkaloids that act as antimicrobial agents, helping prevent infection in the wounded area, a crucial factor in the healing process following an episiotomy.[17] Moreover, Durvadi Taila also aids in enhancing circulation to the affected area, which is important for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the healing tissues. This improvement in blood flow helps in faster regeneration of the tissue and reduces the risk of scarring and complications.[18] The oil’s application also provides a soothing effect, which can help reduce post-operative pain and discomfort, contributing to a more comfortable recovery period for the patient.[19]

Scientific Evidence on Efficacy of Durvadi Taila in Wound Healing

The therapeutic potential of Durvadi Taila in wound healing has gained increasing attention in both clinical and experimental studies. While the traditional Ayurvedic use of this oil in treating wounds dates back centuries, modern research has begun to validate these practices, exploring its ability to reduce inflammation, accelerate tissue regeneration, and prevent infections.

One of the most significant studies conducted by Sharma and colleagues (2014) evaluated the effects of Durvadi Taila in animal models with inflicted wounds. The results were promising: the oil not only accelerated the healing process but also reduced inflammation significantly, leading to faster wound closure. The study also noted increased collagen formation at the wound site, a key factor in tissue regeneration and repair. This finding strongly supports the idea that Durvadi Taila could be particularly beneficial in managing post-surgical wounds like episiotomies, where timely healing is crucial.[20]

In another study, Singh and Sharma (2017) focused on the antimicrobial effects of Durvadi Taila. Their research confirmed that the oil was highly effective against common bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which are frequently found in infected surgical wounds. These bacteria can delay the healing process, making the oil’s antimicrobial properties particularly useful for preventing infections in delicate post-operative areas like episiotomies.[21] Moreover, the clinical benefits of Durvadi Taila in post-operative care were highlighted in a trial by Joshi and Agrawal (2016). Patients who used Durvadi Taila reported significantly reduced pain and swelling compared to those who used conventional treatments. The soothing and anti-inflammatory properties of the oil provided not only physical relief but also contributed to a quicker recovery process. This is especially valuable in the case of episiotomy wounds, where reducing pain and discomfort can make a huge difference in a patient’s healing experience.[22] In conclusion, scientific evidence supports the use of Durvadi Taila as an effective option for accelerating wound healing. Its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and tissue-regenerating properties make it a valuable tool in managing episiotomy wounds, blending traditional Ayurvedic wisdom with modern scientific understanding.

Application and Dosage of Durvadi Taila in Episiotomy Wound Healing

The proper application and dosage of Durvadi Taila are crucial to its effectiveness in wound healing. In Ayurvedic practice, the application of medicinal oils like Durvadi Taila is not just about quantity but also about the technique and timing of use. Correct application maximizes the therapeutic benefits, ensuring that the oil reaches the affected area while minimizing discomfort for the patient. For post-episiotomy wound care, it is recommended to apply Durvadi Taila in a gentle, circular motion over the wound area. This technique promotes better absorption of the oil and stimulates local circulation, which supports faster tissue regeneration and healing.[23] The oil should be applied after the area is cleaned and dried, ensuring that no moisture or dirt prevents the oil from being absorbed into the skin. In terms of dosage, a few drops of Durvadi Taila (approximately 5-10 drops) are sufficient for local application on a small wound like an episiotomy.


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The oil should be applied two to three times a day, depending on the severity of the wound and the comfort level of the patient. Overapplication should be avoided as it may lead to unnecessary buildup, potentially causing irritation or discomfort.[24] For best results, the oil should be applied consistently for at least 7 to 14 days, depending on the wound's healing progress. During this period, patients should follow other recommended post-operative care guidelines, such as maintaining proper hygiene and taking prescribed medications, to support the healing process. Regular monitoring of the wound is also essential to check for signs of infection or irritation.[25] Durvadi Taila is generally safe when used in the recommended quantities. However, as with any therapeutic oil, it's important to perform a patch test before first use to rule out any allergic reactions. In case of any adverse reactions like redness or itching, discontinuing use and consulting a healthcare provider is advisable.[26]

Mechanisms of Action of Durvadi Taila in Wound Healing

The healing properties of Durvadi Taila are attributed to its unique combination of herbal ingredients, each contributing to the overall therapeutic effect. The oil works through multiple mechanisms that facilitate tissue regeneration, reduce inflammation, and support the body’s natural healing processes.

Anti-inflammatory Effects

Durvadi Taila is known for its potent anti-inflammatory properties. The herbs used in the formulation, such as Durva (Cynodon dactylon), are rich in compounds that help reduce inflammation at the wound site. By inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Durvadi Taila prevents excessive swelling and pain associated with wound healing, creating a more conducive environment for tissue regeneration.[27]

Antimicrobial Action

Another key mechanism of Durvadi Taila is its antimicrobial activity. Essential oils & plant-based compounds within oil have shown effectiveness against wide range of bacteria, fungi, & other pathogens. This is particularly important in preventing post-operative infections, as it protects wound from microbial contamination, common complication in episiotomy wound healing.[28]

Enhanced Circulation and Collagen Synthesis

The application of Durvadi Taila stimulates local circulation by dilating blood vessels and improving blood flow to the affected area. Better circulation ensures that the wound site receives an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, which are essential for healing.

Additionally, Durvadi Taila has been shown to promote collagen synthesis, an important protein in wound repair that helps to strengthen new tissue and speed up the closure of the wound.[29]

Cellular Regeneration and Tissue Repair

The regenerative effects of Durvadi Taila can be attributed to its ability to stimulate fibroblast activity, which is essential for tissue repair and regeneration. Fibroblasts are responsible for synthesizing collagen and extracellular matrix, both of which play a vital role in wound healing. The herbs in Durvadi Taila encourage the proliferation of these cells, ensuring faster and more efficient healing of the wound.[30]

Hydration and Moisturization

Another important mechanism of Durvadi Taila is its ability to maintain proper hydration and moisture levels at the wound site. Proper moisture is critical in wound healing, as it prevents the wound from drying out and forming scabs, which can delay healing. The oil helps to create an optimal moist environment, promoting faster epithelialization and minimizing scarring[31] Durvadi Taila works through a multifaceted approach, combining anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, regenerative, and moisturizing effects to promote optimal wound healing. This makes it an effective choice for treating episiotomy and other post-surgical wounds.

Applications of Durvadi Taila in Post-Operative Wound Healing

Post-surgical wound care is crucial for ensuring proper recovery and minimizing complications. In the context of post-operative wound healing, Durvadi Taila has gained recognition for its ability to speed up recovery, reduce infection risk, and alleviate discomfort associated with surgical incisions. The oil’s combination of herbal ingredients works synergistically to optimize the body’s natural healing processes.


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Episiotomy Wounds

One of the most common post-operative wounds in women after childbirth is the episiotomy, a surgical incision made in the perineum to assist with delivery. Durvadi Taila has been shown to be particularly effective in promoting faster healing of episiotomy wounds. Its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties help prevent infection and reduce swelling at the site, allowing the tissue to heal more efficiently. Regular application of Durvadi Taila has been found to significantly shorten recovery times and reduce the severity of pain and discomfort post-delivery.[32]

C-section Recovery

For women recovering from a cesarean section, Durvadi Taila offers valuable benefits. C-section incisions, like other surgical wounds, require careful attention to prevent infection and promote healing. The oil’s ability to enhance circulation and stimulate collagen formation makes it particularly useful in these cases. Additionally, its ability to keep the wound moisturized reduces the risk of the scar becoming too thick or hypertrophic, which is a common concern for women undergoing this type of surgery.[33]

Other Surgical Wounds

Durvadi Taila can also be used for various other post-surgical wounds, including those from abdominal surgeries, orthopedic procedures, and minor excisions. By applying the oil to the affected area, patients can experience a reduction in post-surgical complications such as infection, delayed healing, and excessive scarring. This oil helps to promote healthy tissue regeneration, leading to more aesthetically pleasing scars that heal quickly without becoming raised or discolored.[34] The versatility of Durvadi Taila in post-operative wound healing makes it an excellent adjunct therapy for patients recovering from various surgeries. Its holistic healing effects, stemming from its rich herbal composition, offer a safe and effective treatment to complement traditional surgical care.

Conclusion and Future Directions

In conclusion, Durvadi Taila offers a promising and effective solution for post-surgical wound healing, especially in cases like episiotomy and cesarean section recoveries.

Its therapeutic potential stems from its ability to reduce inflammation, prevent infection, enhance circulation, and promote tissue regeneration. Clinical studies have consistently shown the benefits of Durvadi Taila in accelerating healing, reducing pain, and improving overall patient satisfaction. As a natural, Ayurvedic option, it stands out for its holistic approach to wound care, combining physical and emotional healing. The oil's proven efficacy in various types of wounds - from post-childbirth incisions to general surgical wounds - suggests its wide applicability in clinical settings. The non-invasive, easy-to-apply nature of Durvadi Taila makes it an attractive option for healthcare providers and patients alike, offering a safe alternative to conventional wound care treatments.

Future Directions

While existing studies have provided valuable insights into the effectiveness of Durvadi Taila, there is still room for further research. Future studies should aim to:

1. Expand the Scope of Clinical Trials: Larger and more diverse clinical trials could help validate the results seen in smaller studies. Research across different populations and various surgical procedures would provide more robust evidence for the oil's universal applicability.

2. Investigate Mechanisms at the Molecular Level: While the broad therapeutic actions of Durvadi Taila are understood, further studies on its molecular mechanisms - such as the specific compounds responsible for collagen synthesis, antimicrobial properties, and tissue regeneration - would provide deeper insights into its effectiveness.

3. Explore Long-term Effects: The long-term benefits and safety of Durvadi Taila on wound healing should be assessed, particularly in terms of scarring and post-surgical complications. Understanding how it affects scar formation and tissue integrity over time could further enhance its use in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery.

4. Develop Formulations for Different Wound Types: As Durvadi Taila has demonstrated effectiveness in various wounds, future research could explore the development of specialized formulations for different wound types, such as chronic wounds, diabetic ulcers, or burn injuries. Tailored versions of the oil might further optimize healing outcomes.


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