Introduction

With a surge in sedentary habits due to desk jobs, prolonged sitting, digital device usage, and reduced physical activity, the 21^st century has witnessed a dramatic shift in lifestyle patterns. These changes have led to a rise in musculoskeletal disorders, particularly affecting the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Musculoskeletal disorders related to lifestyle factors such as poor posture, prolonged sitting, lack of exercise, and occupational strain are rapidly increasing in prevalence across all age groups. These disorders manifesting as chronic pain, stiffness, and functional limitations significantly impair quality of life and productivity. Ayurveda, the ancient system of medicine, offers various therapeutic approaches to manage such conditions, among which Upanāha Sveda holds significant importance for its localized, non-invasive, and effective action in relieving pain and stiffness. In this article we have tried to explain the utilisation of Upanāha Sveda as a sustainable and side-effect-free therapeutic protocol in integrative medicine.

Aim and Objectives

Aim

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Upanāha Sveda in relieving musculoskeletal pain caused by sedentary lifestyle practices.

Objectives

1. To compile and analyze classical Ayurvedic references related to Upanāha Sveda and its application in musculoskeletal disorders.

2. To review and synthesize findings from modern clinical and pharmacological studies on the efficacy of Upanāha Sveda.

3. To establish a conceptual correlation between Ayurvedic principles and contemporary understa-nding of pain management in lifestyle-related musculoskeletal conditions.

Methodology

This is literature review research paper focusing on Ayurvedic intervention of Upanāha Sveda in musculoskeletal disorders arising due to sedentary lifestyle. Study design is qualitative & descriptive in nature, aiming to synthesize existing classical Ayurvedic references & modern scientific studies.

Procedure

1. Preparation of Lepa - Herbal powders (e.g., Godhuma, Masha) are mixed with warm oil (like Eranda Taila).

2. Application - Paste is applied over the affected area in thick layer.

3. Covering - With Arka/Nirgundi leaves or cloth.

4. Duration - Retained for 1–2 hours, depending on condition.

5. Course - 7 to 14 days for chronic conditions.

Types: Upanāha Sveda is classified based on various factors including Doṣha involvement, temperature, ingredients, and application method. The following categories summarize the different types used in Ayurvedic practice:

Table 1: Based on Doṣhic Involvement^[3]

Table 2: Based on Temperature and Application Timing

Table 3: Based on Ingredients Used

Table 4: Based on Duration of Application

Reduced pain intensity, Improves joint flexibility and muscle mobility, Relief from morning stiffness, Enhanced functional independence and sleep quality, Reduction in dependence on oral analgesics. This table presents the common musculoskeletal lifestyle disorders and their Ayurvedic correlates, pathological insights, and commonly used Upanāha Sveda herbs or formulations for therapeutic intervention.

Discussion

The therapeutic effects of Upanāha Sveda are not only evident through symptomatic relief but also align with classical Ayurvedic concepts of disease reversal. Various outcomes reported in clinical observations and trials can be understood through Ayurvedic principles as follows:^[6-8]

One of the primary outcomes of Upanāha Sveda is Śhoola Hāni, or the reduction of pain. In Ayurveda, pain is predominantly a manifestation of aggravated Vāta Doṣha. The unctuous (Snigdha) and hot (Uṣhṇa) qualities of Upanāha help pacify Vāta, thereby alleviating Śhoola. This aligns with the action of Vedana Sthāpana (analgesic) and Vāta-Śhamaka (Vāta-pacifying) therapies as mentioned in classical texts. The medicated poultices, when retained over affected region, promote Snigdhatva (unctuousness) and enhance local tissue nouri-shment, facilitating relief from chronic pain.^[9-11]

Another significant outcome is Sandhi-Māṃsa Saithilya and Sthiratva, i.e., improved joint flexibility and muscular stability. In musculoskeletal disorders with Vāta-Kapha predominance, joints become stiff and muscles weak. Upanāha Sveda, through its warm and penetrating action, helps restore Shaithilya (relaxation of tight structures) and induces Sthiratva (stability) in the musculoskeletal system. This translates into improved range of motion and muscular coordination, a vital functional outcome for individuals with lifestyle-induced disorders. Morning stiffness, a hallmark symptom in many chronic Vāta-Kapha conditions, is addressed effectively by Upanāha therapy. Known in Ayurvedic terms as Prātaḥ Kāla Stambha, this symptom arises due to Āma accumulation and aggravated Kapha during early hours of the day. The Uṣhṇa-Snigdha nature of Upanāha promotes Āma pachana (digestion of toxins) and Kapha shaman, leading to Stambha Nivṛtti or the resolution of rigidity and heaviness.