E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Cardioprotective

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2022 Volume 7 Number 1 Jan-Feb
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Cardioprotective activity of various Herbs - Research Update

S. Muddannavar B.1*, Katti A.2
DOI:

1* Bharati S. Muddannavar, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of P.G. Studies in Dravyaguna, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

2 Anand Katti, Associate Professor, Dept. of Samhita Siddhantha, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Cardiovascular diseases are the one of the most leading cause for death in the all countries, which include diseases of heart and vascular system supplying to the vital organs, caused due to various factors like age, gender, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking, obesity, psychological factors, various dietary and life style modification, with prevalence of 17.9 million every year. Ayurveda, the life science, has holistic approach in maintaining health and in treating disease condition. Hrudaya is the one among the Tri-marma (Sadhyopranahara). Hrudya Karma mentioned in Ayurveda used in various cardiac conditions. Dravyas which are good for heart (Hrudayaya Hitam) are termed as Hrudya. The Dravyas which possess the Hrudroga Hara property are used in various cardiac conditions both in preventive as well as curative aspects. 58 Hrudya Dravyas, 19 Hrudroga Hara Dravyas were mentioned in Bruhatrayi & among those, 7 are Dhatu (metal) origin, 70 are plant origin. Hence the present study done to review various Hrudya and Hrudroga Hara Dravyas mentioned in Bruhatrayi (compilation done from Charaka, Susrutha, Astanga Hrudaya Samhitas), along with experimentally proven cardioprotective drugs (compilation was done through PubMed, Dhara, Ayurveda research portal, Google scholar and Google).

Keywords: Hrudya, Cardioprotective, Hrudroga Hara

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Bharati S. Muddannavar, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of P.G. Studies in Dravyaguna, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Bharati S. Muddannavar, Anand Katti, Cardioprotective activity of various Herbs - Research Update. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(1):165-177.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1608

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2022-01-25 2022-01-27 2022-02-03 2022-02-10 2022-02-17
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 17%

© 2022by Bharati S. Muddannavar, Anand Kattiand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

Cardiovascular disease, one of the most leading cause for death in the all countries, which include diseases of heart and vascular system supplying to the vital organs, caused due to various factors like age, gender, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking, obesity, psychological factors, various dietary and life style  modification, with prevalence of 17.9 million every year.[1]

Hrudaya is the one among the Tri-marma[2] (Sadhyopranahara)[3], and it is formed by Shonita Kapha Prasada Bhaga.[4] Hrudaya is the Mula for Pranavaha and Rasavaha Srotas.[5] It is the Sthana for Aathma,[6] Rakta, Praana, Satva, Oja, Siras, Vyaan Vayu, Saadhaka Pitta, Avalambaka Kapha and Rasa the essence by which all Dhatu, Malaas are formed.[7]

Ayurveda, the life science, has holistic approach in maintaining health and in treating disease condition Hrudya Karma mentioned in Ayurveda used in various cardiac conditions.

Hrudya: Dravyas which are good for heart (Hrudayay Hitam)[8] are termed as Hrudya. In Ayurveda Hrudya Dravya are mentioned under various context. Number of Hrudya drugs mentioned in Bruhatrayi are 58 , (according to  Charakaacharya 10[9],  Acharya Susruta 10[10], Astanga Hrudaya 38.[11,12]

Hrudrog Hara

Hrudroga is the diseases of heart and its vascular system, which are classified under 5 types (Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Sannipataja, and Krimija).[13] which are caused due to unhealthy dietary and lifestyle modifications. The Dravyas which possess the Hrudroga Hara property are used in the above mentioned conditions both in preventive as well as curative aspects.  Total 19 drugs mentioned as Hrudrog Hara in Susruta Samhita.[14-16] 

Table 1: Hrudya Dravyas mentioned in Bruhatrayi

SN Name of the Drug Samhita Scientific name Family Rasa Guna Virya Vipaka Karma Remarks
1.            Aamra Charaka Mangifera indica Linn. Anacardiaceae Madhura, Amla Guru, Snigdha, Laghu, Ruksha Shita Katu Brumhana, Vrushya Kaphapitta Shamak
2. Aamraataka Charaka Spondias mangifera Anacardiaceae Amla, Kashaya Guru Ushna Madhura Deepana, Kantya Vata Pitta Shamaka
3. Likoocha Charaka Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. Moraceae Madhura, Amla, Kashaya Guru, Ruksha Ushna Amla Vrushya Pitta Shamaka
4. Karamarda Charaka Carissa corundus L. Apocynaceae Amla,  Madhura Guru, Snigdha Ushna Amla Mutra Kruchra Vata Shamaka
5. Vrukshamla Charaka Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy Guttifereae Amla, Kashaya Guru, Ruksha Ushna Amla Deeapana, Grahi Vata Shamaka
6. Aamlavetasa Charaka Garcinia pedunculate Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. Guttifereae Amla Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna Ushna Amla Bhedana, Brumhana Kapha Vata Shamaka
7. Kuvala Charaka Ziziphus sativa Gaertn. Rhamnaceae Madhura, Amla Guru Shita Madhura Bhedana, Deepana Pitta Karaka
8. Badara Charaka Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Rhamnaceae Madhura,Amla Guru Ushna Madhura Deepana, Pachana Kapha Pitta Karaka
9. Dadima Charaka Punica granatum L. Lytheraceae Madhura, Amla, Kashaya Laghu, Snigdha Anushna Madhura Grahi, Chardi Nigraha Vata Pitta Shamaka
10. Maatulunga Charaka Citrus medica L. Rutaceae Madhura, Amla Laghu, Snigdha Ushna Amla Deepana, Medya Pitta Shamaka
11. Parushaka Susrutha Grewia asiatica L. Malvaceae Madhura, Amla, Kashaya Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura Brumhana Vata Shamaka
12. Draksha Susrutha Vitis vinifera L. Vitaceae Madhura, Kashaya Guru, Snigdha, Shita Madhura Brumhana Vatapitta Shamaka
13. Katphala Susrutha Myrica nagi Thumb. Myricaceae Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Laghu, Tikshna Ushna Katu Shothagna Vata Kapha Shamaka
15. Rajadana Susrutha Mimusops hexandra Roxb. Sapotaceae Madhura, Kashaya Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura   Tridhosa Hara
16. Kataka Phala Susrutha Strychnos potatorum Linn. Loganiaceae Madhura,Kashaya, Tikta Gura Shita   Madhura Chakshushya Kaphavata Shamaka

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17. Shakaphala Susrutha Tectona grandis L.f. Lamiaceae Kashaya   Laghu, Ruksha Shita Katu Rakta Shodaka Vatapitta Hara
18. Amalaki Susrutha Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Phyllanthaceae  Amla, Kashaya, Madhura, Tikta, Katu Ruksha, Laghu Shita Madhura Rasayana, Vayasthapana Tridosha Shamaka  
19. Haritaki Susrutha Terminalia chebula  Retz.   Combrataceae Kashaya, Tikta, Madhura, Amla, Katu Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Madhura Deepana, Pachana Tridosha Shamak
20. Vibhitaki Susrutha Terminalia bellerica Roxb. Combrataceae Kashaya Ruksha, Laghu Ushna Ma Dhura Bhedana, Kustagna Tridhoshahara
21. Vidari Astanga Hrudaya Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.)DC Fabaceae Madhura, Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura Mutral Pitta Vata Shamaka
22. Panchangula Astanga Hrudaya Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Madhura, Katu, Kashaya Guru, Snigdha, Tikshna Ushna Madhura Shothahara Vata Shamaka
23. Vruschikali Astanga Hrudaya Pergularia axtensa (Jacq.) N. E. Br. Apocynaceae  Katu, Kashaya   Laghu, Snigdha Ushna Katu Vamaka Vataham  
24. Vruschiva Astanga Hrudaya Boerhavia diffusa Linn. Nyctaginaceae Madhura, Tikta, Kashaya Ruksha Ushna Madhura Deepana, Shotha Hara Vatashleshma Hara
25. Devahvaya Astanga Hrudaya Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud Pinaceae Tikta Laghu, Snigdha Ushna Katu Deepana Kaphavatashamaka
26. Mudgaparni Astanga Hrudaya Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc. Fabaceae Madhura Laghu, Ruksha Shita Madhura Shukra Janana Tridoja Shamaka
27. Mashaparni Astanga Hrudaya Teramnus labialis Spreng. Fabaceae Madhura,Tikta Laghu, Snigna Shita Madhura Grahi, Balya Vatapita Shamaka
28. Kandukari Astanga Hrudaya Mucuna pruriens (l.)DC. Fabaceae Madhura, Tikta Guru,  Snigdha Shita  Madhura Mutrala Vata Pitta Shamaka
29. Abhiru Astanga Hrudaya Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Madhura, Tikta Guru,  Snigdha Shita  Madhura Shothajita Vata Pitta Shamaka
30. Vira Astanga Hrudaya Terminalia arjuna W. &A. Combrataceae Kashaya Ruksha, Laghu Shita Katu Medohara Kapha Pitta Shamaka
31. Jivanti Astanga Hrudaya Leptadenia reticulata W&A. Aselepiadaceae Madhura Laghu, Snigdha Shita Madhura Grahi, Balya Tridosha Hara
32. Jivaka Astanga Hrudaya Microstylis wallichii Lindl. Orchidaceae Madhura     Snigdha,Picchila Shita Madhura   Kaphakara, Vatapittahara
33. Rushabaka Astanga Hrudaya Microostylis muscifera (Lindl. Ridl. Orchidaceae Madhura Guru Shita Madhura   Kaphakara, Vatapittahara
34. Bruhati Astanga Hrudaya Solanum indicum L. Solanaceae Katu, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Katu Deepana, Pachana Kaphavata Shamaka
35. Kantakari Astanga Hrudaya Solanum xanthocarpum Schad.& H. Wendl. Solanaceae Katu, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Katu Mutral, Deepana, Pachana Kaphavata Shamaka
36. Shalaparni Astanga Hrudaya Desmodium gagenticum (L.)DC. Fabaceae Tikta, Madhura Guru Ushna Madhura Shotha Hara Vatapitta Shamaka
37. Prushnaparni Astanga Hrudaya Uraria picta (Jacq.)DC. Fabaceae Madhura, Tikta Laghu, Snigdha Ushna Madhura Deepana, Grahi Vata, Pitta Shamaka
38. Gokshura Astanga Hrudaya Tribulus terrestris Linn. Zygophyllaceae Madhura Guru, Snigda Shita Madhura Deepana, Mutrala Vatapitta Shamaka
39. Gopasuta Astanga Hrudaya Hemidesmus indicus (L.)R.Br.ex Schult. Apocynaceae Madhura, Tikta Guru,  Snigdha Shita  Madhura Grahi Tridosha Shamaka
40. Tripadi Astanga Hrudaya Adiantum lunulatum Cav. Pteridaceae Madhura, Tikta,Kashaya Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura Vishaghna, Raktadoshagna Vatapita Shamaka
41. Shyama Astanga Hrudaya Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Convolvulaceae Madhura, Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Ruksha, Laghu, Tiksha Ushna Katu Rakta Shodaka Kaphapitta Shamak
42. Danti Astanga Hrudaya Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg. Euphorbiaceae Katu Tikshna, Sara, Laghu Ushna Katu Rechana Kaphavata Sha Maka

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43. Dravanti Astanga Hrudaya Croton tiglium L. Asparagaceae Madhura Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura Rechana Pitta Kapha Shamaka
44. Kramuka Astanga Hrudaya Viburnum nervosum Hook.f.&Thoms. Viburnaceae Kashaya, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Shita Katu Virechaka Kapha Pitta Shamaka
45. Kutarana Astanga Hrudaya Ipomoea turpethum R. Br. Convolvulaceae Madhura, Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Ruksha,  Laghu, Tikshna Ushna Katu Shothagna Kaphapitta Shamaka
46. Shankhini Astanga Hrudaya Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. Euphorbiaceae Tikta,  Kashaya   Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna Shita Katu Rechana Kaphapittahara
47. Carmasahva Astanga Hrudaya Euphorbia pilosa Euphorbiaceae Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Shita Katu   Kaphapitta Hara
48. Swarnakshiri Astanga Hrudaya Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss. Euphorbiaceae Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Shita Katu Bhedana Kapha Pitta Hara
49. Gavakshi Astanga Hrudaya Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. Cucurbitaceae Tikta   Laghu, Ruksha,  Tiksna Ushna Katu Rechana Kaphapitta Shamaka
50. Shikhari Astanga Hrudaya Achyranthes aspera Linn. Amaranthaceae Katu, Tikta Tikshna, Sara, Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Katu Medhohara Kaphavata  Shamaka
51. Rajanaka Astanga Hrudaya Mallotus philiphinensis Muell. Arg Euphorbiaceae Katu   Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna Ushna Katu Rechaka Kaphavata Shamaka  
52. Chinnaruha Astanga Hrudaya Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) Meirs. Menispermaceae Tikta   Guru, Snigda Ushna Madhura Deepana, Grahi Tridosha Shamaka
53. Karanja Astanga Hrudaya Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre Fabaceae Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Tikshna Ushna Katu Vrana Shodhaka Kaphapitta Shamaka  
54. Bastantri Astanga Hrudaya Argeria speciosa Sweet. Convolvulaceae Kashay, Katu, Tikta Laghu, Snigdh Ushna Katu Shothagna Kaphavata Shamaka
55. Vyadhighata Astanga Hrudaya Cassia fistula Linn. Fabaceae Madhura   Guru, Mrudu, Snigdha Shita Madhura Samsrana Vatapiha Shamaka
56. Bahala Astanga Hrudaya Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Katu Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna Ushna Katu Grahi, Deepana Kapha Vata Shamaka
57. Bahurasa Astanga Hrudaya Saccharum officinarum Linn. Poaceae Madhura Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura Mutrala Vata Shamaka
58. Tishnavruksha Astanga Hrudaya Salvodora persica Linn. Salvodoraceae Madhura, Tikta Laghu, Snigdha Ushna Katu Deepana, Bhedana Kaphavataghna

Table 2: Hrudrogahara Dravyas mentioned in Bruhatrayi.



SN Name of the Drug Samhita Scientific name Family Rasa Guna Virya Vipaka Prabhava Remarks
1. Bruhati Susrutha Solanum indicum L. Solanaceae Katu, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Katu Deepana, Pachana Kaphavata Shamaka
2. Kantakari Susrutha Solanum xanthocarpum Schad.& H. Wendl. Solanaceae Katu, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Katu Mutral, Deepana, Pachana Kaphavata Shamaka
3. Kutaja Phala Susrutha Holarrhena antidysentrica Wall. Apocynaceae Tikta Kashaya   Lagh, Ruksha Shita Katu Deepana, Grahi Kaphapitta Shamaka
4. Patha Susrutha Cissampelos pareira Linn. Menispermaceae Katu, Tikta Laghu,Tikshna Ushna Katu Vishaghna Kaphavata Shamaka
5. Madhuka Susrutha Glycyrrhiza glabra Fabaceae Madhura  Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura Shukrala Kaphavata Shamaka 
6. Utpala Susrutha Nymphaea stellata Wild. Nymphaeaceae Madhura, Kashaya, Tikta  Laghu, Snigdha, Picchila Shita Madhura Vishaghna Kaphapitta Shamaka
7. Raktotpala Susrutha Nymphaea rubra Nymphaeaceae Madhura, Kashaya, Tikta  Laghu, Snigdha, Picchila Shita Madhura Trishna Nigraha Kaphapitta Shamaka
8. Kumuda Susrutha Nymphaea alba L. Nymphaeaceae Madhura, Tikta Laghu, Snigdha, Picchila Shita Madhura Grahi, Balya Kaphapitta Hara

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9. Saugandhika Susrutha Nymphaea sp. Nymphaeaceae Madhura, Kashaya, Tikta  Laghu, Snigdha, Picchila Shita Madhura Daha Shamaka Kaphapitta Shamaka
10. Kuvalaya Susrutha Nymphaea sp. Nymphaeaceae Madhura, Kashaya, Tikta  Laghu, Snigdha, Picchila Shita Madhura Varnya Kaphapitta Shamaka
11. Pundarika Susrutha Nelumbium speciosum Nelumbonaceae Madhura, Kashaya, Tikta  Laghu, Snigdha, Picchila Shita Madhura Vishaghna Kaphapitta Shamaka
13. Trapu Susrutha Stannum   Kashaya, Lavana, Tikta Ruksha, Laghu Ushna Katu Balya, Pachana Vata Kapha Hara
14. Sisa Susrutha Plumbum   Tikta Snigdha Ushna Katu Kleda Nashana Tridosha Hara
15. Tamra Susrutha Cuprum   Tikta , Kashaya, Amla Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Madhura Deepana, Pachana Pitta Kapha Hara
16. Rajata Susrutha Argentum   Amla, Kashaya Guru, Snigdha Ushna Madhura Medya, Deepana Vatakapha Hara
17. Suvarna Susrutha Aurum   Madhura, Kashaya ,Tikt Guru, Snigdha Shita Madhura Medya, Balya Tridhisa Hara
18. Krushnaloha Susruthaa Ferum   Tikta, Kashaya, Madhura Guru, Ruksha Shita Madhura Chakshushya Kaphapitta Hara
19. Lohamala Susruthaa Ferric oxide   Tikta, Kashaya, Madhura Guru, Ruksha Shita Madhura Balya Kaphavata Hara

Acharya Susrutha said the Bruhati and Kantakari as Hrudrog-hara while Acharya Vagbhata mentioned these as Hrudya.

After an exhaustive review through PubMed, Dhara, Ayurveda research portal, Google scholar and Google, by using key word - cardioprotective and Hrudya, among these above said Hrudya and Hrudrog-hara drugs, mentioned in various context of Bruhatrayi, we found some cardioprotective drugs, which are proven experimentally are as follows. 

Table 3: Experimentally proven Cardioprotective Drugs


SN Drug Name Part Used Extraction Form Induction Method Disease Condition Animal Model No.of Groups Study Duration Result Drug Dose
1. Amra[17] Leaf Alcoholic (100mg/Kg Orally) Doxorubicin 15mg/Kg,Ip For 21 Days) Cardiac Stress Rats 4 21 Days Positive Cardiopretective 100mg/Kg Orally
2. Vrukshamla[18] Fruit Rind Decoction Isoprenaline 80mg/Kg Sc 21st Day Cardiotoxicity Albino Rats 3 21 Days Significant 4.5ml/Kg Orally
3. Dadima[19] Seed Juice Extract Isoprenaline 85mg/Kg Myocardial Infarction Wistar Rats 8 21 Days Significant 100,300mg/Kg Orally
4. Matulunga[20] Fruit Ethanolic Isoprenaline 85mg/Kg s c Cardiomyopathy Male Wistar Albino Rats   15 Days Significant 250,500mg/Kg Orally
5. Draksha[21] Fruit Polyphenol Concentrate 25mg/Kg Ssintra Gastric Route Doxorubicin 8mg/Kg b.w.i p Cardiotoxicity Wistar Albino Rats 3 8 Days Positive Cardiopretective 25mg/Kg Intragastric
6. Kataka Phala                  
7. Amalaki[22] Fruit Hydroalcoholic Isoprenaline 85mg/Kg s c Myocardial Infarction Male Wistar Albino Rats 8 30 Days Significant 100,250,500mg/Kg Orally
8. Harataki[23] Fruit Ethanolic Isoproterenol 20mh/100g s c   Male Wistar Albino Rats 4 30 Days Significant 500mg/Kg
9. Vibhitaki[24] Fruit Methanolic Doxorubicin 15mg/Kg,Ip Cardiotoxicity Rats     Positive Cardiopretective 250,500mg/Kg Orally
10. Patha[25] Root Ethanolic Isopreterenol 5mg/Kg i p Cardiac Dysfunction Male Wistar Albino Rats 8 30 Days Significant 100,200mg/Kg
11. Vruschiva[26]   Ethanolic Angiotensin 2 Cardiac Hypertropy Male Wistar Rats     Positive Cardiopretective  
12. Kandukari[27] Seed Methanolic Isoproterenol 85mg/Kg s.c Myocardial Necrosis Rats 5 30 Days Significant  

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13. Vira[28] Bark Aqueous Doxorubicin 20mg/Kg b.w.Intra Plueral   Mice     Positive Cardiopretective  
14. Shalaparni[29] Root Aqueous Isoproterenol 10mg/Kg b.w. i p Cardiac hypertropy Male Wistar Albino Rats 5 30 Days Significant 100mg/Kg Orally
15. Gokshura[30] Fruit Aqueous Isoproterenol Myocardial Necrosis Male Wistar Rats 7 28 Days Significant 200 And 300mg/Kg b.w.Orally
16. Gopasuta[31] Root Methanolic Doxorubicin 25mg/Kg b.w. i p Oxidative   stress Adult Male Swiss Albino Mice 4 15 Days Significant 50mg/Kg b.w.
17. Shikhari[32]                  
18. Chinnaruha[33] Whole Plant Alcoholic   Myocardial Infarction Sprague Dawley Rats Of Either Sex 4 8 Days Significant 250, 500, 1000mg/Kgorally
19. Bahala[34] Leaf Hydroalcoholic Isopreterenol 85mg/Kg s c Myocardial Infarction Male Wistar Albino Rats 3 30 Days Significant 200mg/Kg Orally
20. Karamarda[35]   Methanolic Saline Cardiac Hypertropy Rats     Significant  
21. Kantakari[36]   Hydro Ethanolic Isoproterenol Hydrochoride 85mg/Kg b.w. Myocardial Infarction Adult Female Wistar Rats 4 30 Days Significant 200mg/Kg Orally
22. Badara[37] Fruit Hydroalcoholic  Ng-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester 10mg/Kg i v Hypertention Rats 6 28 Days Positive Cardiopretective 100mg/Kg Orally
23. Amlavetasa[38] Fruit Aqueous Isoprenaline 200mg/Kg s c Myocardial Infarction Male Wistar Albino Rats 3 15 Days Significant 400mg/Kg Orally
24. Madhuka[39]     Surgical Myocardial Infarction Rats     Significant  
25. Bruhati[40] Fruit Ethanolic Ng-Nitri-L-Arginine Methyl Ester Hypertention Rats   28 Days Positive Cardiopretective 100 And 300mg/Kg Orally
26. Abhiru[41]   Aqueous Doxorubicin 20mg/Kg b.w.Intra Peritonial   Albino Rats 5 21 Days Significant 250 And 500mg/Kg Orally
27. Gavakshi[42[ Peel Hydroalcoholic Adrenaline 2mg/Kg s c Myocardial Infarction Rabbits 4 15 Days Positive Cardiopretective 100,200,300mg/Kg Orally
28. Karanja[43] Leaf Hydroalcoholic Isoproterenol 20mh/100g s c Myocardial Infarction Wistar Albino Rats 6 30 Days Positive Cardiopretective 100,200,300mg/Kg Orally
29. Bastantri[44] Roots Ethyl Acetate, Aqueous Isoproterenol 200mg/Kg s c Myocardial Infarction Male Wistar Rats 11 15 Days Significant 200mg/Kg Orally
30. Vyadhighata[45] Bark Methanolic Doxorubicin 10 Mg/Kg i p Cardiotoxicity Male Wistar Rats 5 15 Days Significant 400mg/Kg Orally
31. Bahurasa[46] Peel   High Fat Diet Obesity And Atherosclerosis Adult Male Albino Rats 4 28 Days Significant 200mg Orally
32. Jivanti[47]   Methanolic Adriamycin 10mg/Kg i p Cardiotoxicity Wistar Rats   28 Days Significant 250/500mg/Kg Orally

Discussion

The above said experimentally proven cardioprotective effect of drugs evaluated by using different parts of the plant (leaf, fruit rind, seed, fruit, root, bark, whole plant, peels) with different doses, conducted on various types of animal models (rats, rabbits, mice,) which were divided into various groups at different time duration, with different induction methods of different doses, shown there protective effect of different extense against different cardiac condition.

Along with this, the product of plant origin showed the presence of various activities like - anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-coagulant, vasodilation, cardiac stimulant, free radical scavenging activity, calcineurin activities and also showed presence of various bio-chemicals like flavonoides, glycosides, tannins, quercetin, kaempferol, boeravinone, caffeic acid, tri-terpenoids.

Due to presence of such bio-chemicals showed the


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different actions for example, in mangifera indica, presence of mangiferin, isomangiferin, galloyl, hydroxy- benzoyl esters, epicatechin, tannins, gallic acid which are flavonoid and phenolic origin components exerts antioxidant activity, protective effect may be due to the collective free radical scavenging effect of extracted product.

The protective effect is evaluated by using different parameters such as heart rate, pressure rate index, electrocardiograph, morphological, histo-pathological changes, Cardiac rhythm, and blood pressure. Levels of Superonide dismutare, catalase, low density lipoprotein, Lactate dehydrogenage, creatine kinase, Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, non-protein sulfhydryl group, total protein, Lipid peroxidation, triglycerides, total cholesterol, High density lipo-proteins, hematological parameters are evaluated.

Different repeated studies was done on cardioprotective activity of Moringa oleifera in different cardiac conditions. Among all these experimentally proven cardioprotective drugs, the drugs such has Vrukshamla, Matulunga, Amalaki, Vibhitaki, Vira, Gokshura, Gopasuta, Bahala, Karamarda, Kantakari, Badara, Bruhati, Jivanti showed significant effect over various cardiac condition.

The drugs such has Amra, Dadima, Draksha, Haritaki, Patha, Vruschiva, Shalaparni, Chinnaruha, Amlavetasa, Madhuka, Abhiru, Gavakshi, Bastantri, Vyadhighata, Bahurasa, Kandukari showed moderate cardioprotective effect on given conditions.

Conclusion

The experimental studies have values only when they become useful to human, which is by means of clinical trials on human, utilization of drugs done based on the efficacy of drugs against protective effect i.e., most efficient drugs are trialed first.

All the experimentally proven drug are not practicing in clinical base on humans.

Only few are in practicing, for example Arjuna, Guduchi, Amalaki, still more drugs are there which have to be used in practice and which have to be explored experimentally for their protective effects.


Reference

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