E-ISSN:2456-3110

Research Article

Sunscreen Lotion

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2022 Volume 7 Number 5 June
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Development and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Varnya Lepa Sunscreen Lotion (In-Vitro)

Shikha.1, Jadar P.2*, Bolmal U.3
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.7.5.6

1 Shikha, Final Year Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, KAHER’s Shri B.M.K Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Shahpur, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

2* Prashant G. Jadar, Professor, Dept. of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, KAHER’s Shri B.M.K Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Shahpur, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

3 Uday B. Bolmal, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE College of Pharmacy, Shahpur, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

Background: Direct exposure to Solar radiation causes many harmful effects on skin like suntan, sunburn, hyperpigmentation and skin ageing etc. To overcome these types of problems sunscreen applications can be helpful. In Ayurveda, authors explained Varnya Lepa drugs like Raktachandana (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn.), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia Linn), Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb), Kustha (Saussurea lappa), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), Vatankura (Ficus benghalensis) and Masura (Lens culinaria Medic) have a high potential due to their antioxidant activity, vitamin, photoprotective, flavonoids and phenolic acid in safety of skin from UV rays and blocks each UVA and UVB. This formulation is mentioned for external application in form of Lepa but due to problems like stains after applications, impediment in utilization, protection trouble, non-accessibility of crisp medication all season. If Lepa contains herbal drugs it should be used within 24 hours, otherwise, drugs get decomposed and application may harm skin. Lotion is viscous semisolid preparation. They may be oil-in-water or water-in-oil type, easy to apply in unbroken skin without friction. Lotions contain water-soluble bases and hence are more convenient to use. Aim: The present study aim was to develop Varnya Lepa sunscreen lotion and Assessment of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) by In-vitro method. Material and Methods: A lotion base of Four trials was done, in this trial fourth was passed all parameters and the final development of sunscreen lotion was prepared. The quantity of extract used in sunscreen lotion was selected after assessment of absorbance factor in UV-spectrophotometry and calculated sun protection factor. Results: The Sun protection factor was obtained 29 and shown under broad-spectrum sunscreen. Conclusion: Varnya Lepa sunscreen lotion was successfully developed. Hence, can be used as sunscreen lotion.

Keywords: UV radiation, Varnya Lepa Sunscreen Lotion, Sun Protection Factor

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Prashant G. Jadar, Professor, Dept. of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, KAHER’s Shri B.M.K Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Shahpur, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Shikha, Prashant G. Jadar, Uday B. Bolmal, Development and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Varnya Lepa Sunscreen Lotion (In-Vitro). J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2022;7(5):34-40.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1880

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2022-05-02 2022-05-04 2022-05-11 2022-05-18 2022-05-25
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 16%

© 2022by Shikha, Prashant G. Jadar, Uday B. Bolmaland Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

Pores and skin is the outermost and largest part of the body. It's maximum sensitive to photodamage because it's mostly uncovered to UV radiation.[1] The harmful consequences of solar radiation are caused predominantly via the ultraviolet (UV) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be divided into 3 regions: UVA, from 320 nm to 400nm; UVB, from 290 to 320 nm and UVC, from two hundred to 290 nm. UVC radiation is filtered out via the ecosystem earlier than attaining the earth. UVB radiation isn't completely filtered out by means of the ozone layer and is accountable for the damage because of sunburn and pyrimidine dimers. UVA radiation reaches the deeper layers of the epidermis and provokes the untimely getting old of the pores and skin, answerable for the generation of free radicals. UVB radiation is concerned in 65% harm of all skin.[2]

Because of those dangerous results of UV radiation increases the chance of erythema of sunburn, suntan, skin most cancers and premature skin growing older and so forth. To save you those dangerous solar results, scientists formulated body lotions and creams where they added sunscreen like energetic substances to defend humans via absorbing, scattering or reflecting radiation.[3] The diverse artificial chemical sunscreens like aminobenzoic acid derivatives, anthranilates, benzophenones, cinematics, salicylates, inorganic sunscreens like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide can also cause mild to a moderate allergy in a few individuals. A number of those may additionally soak up into the bloodstream.[4]

Natural formulations have more attractiveness due to their no facet effects and they're much less irritant.

Varnya-Lepa drugs like Raktachandana (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn.), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia Linn), Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb), Kustha (Saussurea lappa), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), Vatankura (Ficus benghalensis) and Masura (Lens culinaria Medic) have antioxidant activity, vitamin, photoprotective, flavonoids and phenolic acid in the safety of the skin from UV rays and blocks each UVA and UVB. It has additionally properties consisting of wound restoration, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-closma and promotes the complexion of the skin.[5]

This Varnya formulation mentioned for external application in Lepa form. Due to usual problems with Lepas are stains after applications, impediment in utilization, non-accessibility of crisp medication in all the seasons. Herbal drugs containing Lepas should be used within 24 hours, otherwise the drugs get decomposed and the application may harm the skin. Lotion are viscous semisolid preparations. They may be oil-in-water or water-in-oil type, easy to apply in unbroken skin without friction. Lotions contain water soluble bases and hence are more convenient to use.[6] They'll be carried out without delay to the pores and skin with the help of some absorbent cloths which includes cotton wool or gauze soaked in it. The lotion used for local motion as cooling, soothing, or protective purposes.[7] Lotion containing suspended debris evaporates whilst done to the pores and pores and skin leaving a deposit of medicament on the ground. Lotions are less difficult to apply and less messy than many special outside arrangements.[8]

A herbal lotion that could offer effective safety to the pores and skin and unfastened from any toxicity or poisonous residue or any infection at the same time as regularly used and must also be cosmetically proper. Varnya Lepa is one of the formulations which includes seven drugs like Raktachandana (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn.), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia Linn), Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb), Kustha (Saussurea lappa), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), Vatankura (Ficus benghalensis) and Masura (Lens culinaria Medic). It is specifically indicated for melasma, enhances complexion and hyperpigmentation.[9] Olive oil used as one of the elements in the oil segment has antioxidant assets and still have UV filters.[10]However, it is necessary to develop Varnya Lepa sunscreen lotion and evaluate it sun protection factor in the cosmeceutical field to protect against solar radiation. The efficacy of sunscreen products has been identified as an vital public health trouble and it also includes expressed through the sun protection factor (SPF).[11]Determination of Sun Protector (SPF) changed into assessed by means of strategies In vivo and In Vitro method. In Vitro approach is a rapid, cost-effective reasonable device. It's far need of the hour to broaden more secure, chemically inert, nonirritating, nontoxic, photostable sunscreen merchandise, which can offer complete protection to the skin by means of the usage of novel natural formulations.[12]


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The compound formulation Varnya Lepa was developed in the form of lotion and the Sun Protection Factor was evaluated by adopting the in-vitro method using UV spectrophotometer between the wavelength of 290 to 320 nm.

Aims and Objectives

1. To develop Varnya Lepa Sunscreen Lotion.

2. Assessment of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) by In vitro method.

Materials

Collection of raw drugs Raktachandan, Manjista, Kustha, Lodhra were procured from GMP certified KLE Ayurveda Pharmacy, Khasabag, Belagavi. Priyangu, Vatankura are collected from natural resources. Masura, Expecients and Preservatives are collected from Belgavi market.

Identification and Authentication was done in AYUSH approved Drug Testing Laboratory for ASU drugs approved by Govt of India, KLEU’s Shri B.M. Kankanwadi Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Shahapur, Belagavi, Karnataka.

Methodology

Preparation of Varnya Lepa Churna[13]

As per AFI All drugs i.e Raktachandana, Manjistha, Kushta, Lodhra, Priyangu Masura and Vatankura were taken 1 part each, grounded separately in pulverizer and passed through sieve size 40.

The prepared Varnya Lepa Churna were stored in air tight plastic bags.

Hydroalcholic extraction of Varnya Lepa Churna[14]

Take 50gms of Varnya Lepa coarse powder in a conical flask. Add 1000ml of Ethanol and distilled water in the ratio 6:4, flasks were kept for 6 hrs continuous shaking and kept undisturbed for 18 hrs. Next day, extract was filtered through filter paper and filtrate is collected in beaker and put into Rota evaporator for removal of solvents till it becomes semisolid.

This semi-solid extract is kept on Water Bath at 80°C to remove remaining moisture and prepared sticky consistency extract is stored in air tight container.[15]

Development of Varnya Lepa Sunscreen Lotion

The Varnya Lepa Sunscreen Lotion was developed as follows:

a. Pilot study to prepare lotion base

b. Final development of Varnya Lepa Sunscreen Lotion

A. The Pilot study were done in four Trials. In Trial Ist water phase and oil phase was mixed together and triturate till gets homogenous mixture and In Trial II to IV Trituration method was done by o/w method in Table no. 1.

Table 1: Pilot study of Varnya Lepa sunscreen lotion 

SN Ingredients Trail I Trial II Trial III Trial IV
1. Olive oil 3ml 10ml 20ml 12ml
2. Tween80 - 4gm 4gm 4gm
3. Span80 - 1.5ml 3.5ml 3ml
4. Glycerylmonosterate 1gm 2gm 2gm 2gm
5. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose - 1gm 2gm 1.5gm
6. Cetylalchol 0.5gm - - -
7. Glycerine 3ml - - -
6. Distilled water 42ml 40ml 40 ml 40 ml
7. Quality Assessment Not passed Not passed Not passed Passed

Preliminary Quality assessment Parameters of lotion base after 24 hrs in Table No. 2

Table 2: Assessment parameters of Varnya Lepa sunscreen lotion

Trials Creaming Flocculation Coalescence Phase separation Parameter
Trial-I Negative Negative Positive Negative Not passed
Trial-II Negative Positive Negative Positive Not passed
Trial-III Negative Positive Negative Positive Not passed
Trial-IV Negative Negative Negative Negative Passed

Observations of four trials in Preparation

1. Trial I - Emulsion base was formed soft, semisolid in nature, but get separated both phases after 24hrs (next day).

2. Trial II - Emulsion base was not formed, immediately get separated it was rejected.

3. Trial III - It was soft after gets separated after adding GMS.

4. Trial IV - Emulsion base was soft, semisolid consistency, easily spreadable, was suitable for lotion preparation.


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B. Final development of Varnya Lepa Sunscreen lotion

It was prepared with Trial IV ingredients quantity and extract ratio was selected after assessment of Sun Protection factor by UV-spectophotometric method in Table No. 3.

Table 3: Trial IV ingredients quantity and extract ratio.

Ingredients VL 1 VL2 VL3 VL4 VL5 VL6
Varnya Lepa extract 0.5gm 1gm 2gm 2.5gm 3.5 gm 4gm
Olive oil 12ml 12ml 12ml 12ml 12ml 12ml
Tween80 4gm 4gm 4gm 4gm 4gm 4gm
Span80 3ml 3ml 3ml 3ml 3ml 3ml
Glycerylmonosterate 25ml 25ml 25ml 25ml 25ml 25ml
Carboxymethyl cellulose 1.5gm 1.5gm 1.5gm 1.5gm 1.5gm 1.5gm
Distilled water 53ml 53ml 53ml 53ml 53ml 53ml
Sodium Benzoate 0.5gm 0.5gm 0.5gm 0.5gm 0.5gm 0.5gm
Propylparabin 1.0gm 1.0gm 1.0gm 1.0gm 1.0gm 1.0gm
Methylparabin 0.05gm 0.05gm 0.05gm 0.05gm 0.05gm 0.05gm
Fragrance Q.S Q.S Q.S Q.S Q.S Q.S

In this Trial sixth was got highest Sun protection factor.

Table 4: Observation of Varnya Lepa Sunscreen Lotion.

Days Trial VL I to VI
1st to 30th day Prepared and preserved at room temperature
Semiliquid consistency maintained
Separation was not seen
There is no change in colour and odour

Analysis of Sun Protection Factor (In-vitro)

The sun protection factor was analysed by UV-spectrophotometer and calculation was done.

Methodology

A sample application rate of 0.75mg/cm2 is applied in small dots across the entire PMMA plate surface. The spreading motion for distributing the sample product should be light stokes applied in a shortest amount of time.

Allow the sample plate to dry for 15min. as suggested in the operation manual of the UV-2000S Ultraviolet Transmittance Analyzer for the sample preparation and application technique.

The sample thus prepared were exposed to Xenon flash lamp for determing the Sun Protection factor in wavelength of 290 to 400.

Results

Table 5: The physico-chemical analysis of individual drugs

Drugs Ash value Acid insoluble ash Water soluble extractive Alcohol soluble extractive Foreign matter Loss on Drying
Raktachandana 1.841% 0.248% 2.636% 4.392% Nil 6.364%
Manjista 6.324% 0.239% 19.246% 5.210% Nil 5.527%
Lodhra 11.343% 0.497% 27.37% 15.64% Nil 4.728%
Kushta 2.685% 0.781% 20.299% 14.234% Nil 6.427%
Masura 2.398% 0.449% 29.520% 7.431% Nil 11.482%
Vatankura 1.690% 0.397% 2.955% 2.271% Nil 11.597%
Priyangu 6.936% 0.948% 31.34% 11.04% Nil 9.511%

Table 6: Physico-chemical analysis of Developed lotion

SN Tests Results
1. Form Semisolids
2. Colour Reddish brown
3. Odour Pleasant
4. Touch Smooth
5. Appearance Shiny
6. Smoothness Present
7. Stickiness Present
8. Consistancy Smooth
9. Homogenecity Present
10. Spreadibility Good
11. pH (5% solution) 6.41
12. Viscosity 1344cp

Table 7: Varnya Lepa sunscreen lotion Test for specified Micro-organism

Organism Limits (As per IP) Results
E-coli Absent/100ml Absent
S aureus Absent/100ml Absent
P eruginosa Absent/100ml Absent
S abony Absent/100ml Absent

Table 8: Microbial limit test (Quantitative)

Organism Limits (As per IP) Results
Total Bacterial count 30-300cfu/ml 21cfu/ml
Total Fungal count 10-100cfu/ml 08cfu/ml

Table 9: Determination of SPF analysis by In vitro[7]

Test Sample Scans 1 2 3 Average values
Varnya Lepa Lotion SPF 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.0
Standard Deviation 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.17
UVA/UVB ratio 0.897 0.895 0.896 0.896
Critical wavelength 380.00 380.00 380.00 380.00

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Images of Varnya Lepa sunscreen lotion Preparation

jaims_1880_01.JPGFig. 1: Varnya Lepa extract

jaims_1880_02.JPGFig. 2: Varnya extract + olive oil

jaims_1880_03.JPGFig. 3: Mixing unidirectionaly

jaims_1880_04.JPGFig. 4: Trituration followed by Tween80 and Span80 till gets cracking sounds comes

jaims_1880_05.JPG

Fig. 5: GMS was dissolve in water heated upto 60°C

jaims_1880_06.JPG

Fig. 6: GMS added into Lotion later CMC was added

jaims_1880_07.JPG

Fig. 7: Trituration till gets homogenous mixed

jaims_1880_08.JPG

Fig. 8: 50gms Packaging



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Discussion

All the Varnya raw drugs are complies the API standards and taken for the preparation. While preparing Varnya Lepa Churna it is observed the maximum loss in Raktachandana, Kushta and Lodhra due to its hard nature. The ratio of ethanol and Distilled water was selected 6:4 only after alcohol and water soluble extractive of individual raw drugs was done. It was indicated that Varnya drugs are having more ethanol soluble than water soluble. Rota evaporator was used to remove aqueous part by this instrument we can preserve the phytoconstituents. Varnya extract was not fully converted in to powder form due to the presence of tannin and starch get bounded to form sticky material.

In Pilot study, cetylalcohol was used in Ist Trial which was immediately separated. From Trial II to IV cetylalcohol was replaced with Tween80, Span80 which helps to create good emulsion and also acts as good solubilizer.[16] Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose having more capacity to absorb or hold water acts as binding agent.[17] The quantity was selected accordingly. Olive oil contains three major antioxidants i.e., Vit-E, polyphenols and phyto sterols that are responsible for radio protective activity.[18] Most of Varnya Drugs are shown presence of Flavanoids. Studies have shown that Flavonoids have a lot more antioxidant activity than Vit C and E which helps to protect skin from UV radiations and improves skin texture.[19]

Manjista, Kushta, Lodhra, Vatankura, Masura and Priyangu are having presence of Saponins, Glycosides protects against UV damage by inhibiting extracellular matrix degradation, Skin tonifying, reduces erythema and having antiaging property.[20] The pH of Varnya Lepa sunscreen lotion was 6.4, so it is not harmful for the skin and also under the normal limit of local applications. Spreadibility was good, easily spreads. Viscosity was viscous in nature and after application covers all the skin surface, good consistency. Microbial Limit Test was Under the IP limits. The developed lotion Sun Protection Factor was shown value 29. The good sunscreen products available in the market claimed the SPF value ranging between 15-30. By adding herbal ingredients in Varnya Lepa Sunscreen lotion was also be claimed under broad spectrum Sunscreen lotion.

Conclusion

It is concluded that Varnya Lepa Sunscreen lotion was successfully developed. Sun protection Factor (SPF) of Varnya Lepa Sunscreen lotion was 29.0 which shown under broad spectrum Sunscreen lotion. Hence, it can be used as Sunscreen lotion.

Acknowledgement: We acknowledge Dept. of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana KAHER's Shri B.M.K. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya Belgavi, CRF, KAHER's Shri B.M.K. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, and Belagavi. KLE Ayurveda Pharmacy, Khasbag, Belagavi and KET’s Scientific Research centre, Mumbai for supporting in the study.

Reference

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