E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Trividh Rogayatana

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2023 Volume 8 Number 3 March
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Role of Trividh Rogayatana in the manifestation of Life Style Disorders with special reference to Charak Samhita - A Review

Vyas S.1*
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.3.16

1* Swati Vyas, Assistant Professor, Department of Samhita Sidhhanta, Faculty of Ayurveda, Mansarovar Global University, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Ayurveda is the ancient medical science of the world. It is first focuses on maintain health of human beings. Maintaining of health by proper using of Ahara (diet), Vihara (daily routine). Ahara or Anna maintain health by proper metabolism. Ayurveda also has classified the causes of disease into three main categories- 1. Asatmendriyartha Samyoga 2. Pragyaparada and 3. Parinama (Kaala), these three main causes of disease enable different kinds of diseases to manifest. Firstly, they lead to the imbalance of body / or mind by vitiation the Tridosha. The consequence of the imbalance is a disturbance of the basic biological principles. In Ayurveda causes of life style disorders are mainly Pragyaparada. Pragyaparadha are main causes of all noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cancer, hypertension etc.

Keywords: Asatmendriyartha, Pragyaparada, Parinama, Trividha Rogaayatanas, Ayurveda

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Swati Vyas, Assistant Professor, Department of Samhita Sidhhanta, Faculty of Ayurveda, Mansarovar Global University, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Email: 		Swati Vyas, Role of Trividh Rogayatana in the manifestation of Life Style Disorders with special reference to Charak Samhita - A Review. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2023;8(3):88-91.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2340

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-01-31 2023-02-02 2023-02-09 2023-02-16 2023-02-23
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
Nil Nil Yes 19%

© 2023by Swati Vyasand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(3)88
Vyas S: Trividh Rogayatana in manifestation of Life Style Disorders to Charak Samhita

Introduction

The causes of diseases relating to both mind and body are three-fold wrong utilization, non-utilization and excessive utilization of Kala (time), Budhi (mental faculties) and objects of sense organs[1] or in another way Asatmyendriyartha Sannikarsha, Prangyaparada and Parinaama. These three causes enable different kinds of diseases to manifest, these are together named as Trividha Rogaayatanas. Among these Pragyaparada stands for knowingly doing wrong things (in general) is the root cause for all miseries. The Pragya in its normal state helps to acquire the proper knowledge there by leading to normal action and finally to Swasthya Avastha. One with good knowledge and Pragya will do proper understanding of Hita and Ahita will act accordingly i.e., They will differentiate what is good for their body and mind what is not good for them.[2]

Charak in Sharir Sthana opines that the impairment of intellect, patience and memory advent of the maturity of time and action and unwholesome contact with sensory organs are considered to be the causative factor for miseries.[3] In modern era a person whose intellect, patience, and memory are impaired, subjects himself to intellectual blasphemy by virtue of his bad actions.[4] Pragyaparada (intellectual blasphemy) leads to vitiation of Tri Doshas and it has major role in disease manifestation.[5]

Trividha Rogayatana

Ayurveda is an ancient science. There are many Siddhanta described in Ayurveda. Now a day’s many studies are conducting on these Siddhanta. The main aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the healthy state of individual and to treat the disease. In Charak Samhita, Acharya Charak mentioned a wise person should be vigilant about his duties towards his on body like an officer-in-charge of a city and a charioteer towards the city and the chariot respectively.[6] According to Acharya Charak there are three primary causes of manifestation of diseases i.e., Asatmyendriyartha Sanyoga, Pragyaparadha and Parinama. In these Pragyaparadha is the main reason of disease.[7]

Asatma Indriyartha Samyog: Asatmaya means "improper," Indriya means "sense organs," Artha is "the objects of the senses" and Samyoga means "to combine" or "to link."

Asatmendriyartha Samyoga refers to improper contact of the senses with their objects, and results in an over stimulation or deficiency of sensory activity. This harms the body-mind, which requires moderation and harmony internally and externally for healthy functioning. There are mainly five sense organs in our body and inappropriate use or no use or excessive use of these sense organs to their related objects will lead to disease formation. For example, seeing constantly bright object is excessive use of Darshan Indriya (eyes). On the contrary visualizing objects in no light is decreased use of Darshan Indriya (eyes). Seeing extremely nearby objects (Atishleesta); or very far objects (Ativiprakrishta); or fear causing objects (Raudra); not surprising but fear causing like jackal (Bhairvam); malicing someone (Dwesha); which develops restlessness in our mind (Bhibhatsa); someone with abnormal parts (Vikritam); causing fear suddenly (Vitrasanam); is inappropriate use of Darshan Indriya (eyes).

Pragyaparadha: Pragyaparadha is made up of two words, Pragya and Aparadha. Word Pragya denotes wisdom and Aparadha denote action against rules, hence inappropriate work done by person is known as Pragyaparadha. Dhi, Dhriti, Smriti are three factor which affect Pragya and these are known as pillar of it.[8] When the Dhi, Dhriti, Smriti, do not carry out their respective function properly due to their derangement it causes occurrence of Ashubha Karma. These Ashubha Karma cause vitiation of all Doshas, and imbalance of Doshas is one of the major cause of illness. In Charak Samhita, Pravritti of Vachan, Mana, and Shareer is known as Karma and Ayoga, Atiyoga and Mithyayoga of these Karmas known as Pragyaparadha.[9] Ignorance of rules of Prakriti also is called as Pragyaparadha.

Parinam or Kaal: The external environment can trigger disease by unbalancing the body through unnatural or extreme variations in temperature, rainfall or wind. According to Acharya Charaka, Kaal simply here means winter, summer and rainy seasons. Excessive cold during winter season or heliosis during summers is Atiyoga of Kaal. Whereas less features of them in their respective season is Ayog of Kaal. Opposite climate during particular season like rain in winters is inappropriate Kaal. Parinama or Kala also refers more generally to the effects of time, and natural physical transformation that occur over time. For example, seasonal influences on the doshas, and the disorders


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(3)89
Vyas S: Trividh Rogayatana in manifestation of Life Style Disorders to Charak Samhita

associated with specific phases of life and aging are all in this category

Time plays an important role in pathogenesis of disease. Disease progress in body according to time and treatment in that certain time interval has value only otherwise it will lead to complications and eventually death.

Lifestyle disorders: The way a person lives is called as ‘lifestyle’. The modern health system recognizes some disorders related to flawed lifestyle. These disorders are called as lifestyle disorders (LD) or non-communicable diseases (NCD). They are also called as the diseases of civilization. Some of the common lifestyle disorders are as follows:[10] Hypertension, Diabetes, Allergy, Heart diseases, Anxiety, Depression, Hyperlipidemia, Cancer, Insomnia Constipation, Irritable bowel syndrome, Obesity etc.

The causes of lifestyle disorders can be divided into two main categories:

1. Modifiable behavioral risk factors,

2. Non-modifiable risk factors and

Modifiable behavioral risk factors

1. Wrong food habits: Eating when not hungry, overeating, eating at odd hours, eating unhealthy food and skipping food. Excessive use of sodium in the diet causes 4.1 million deaths per year as per the WHO report.[11]

2. Addiction: Alcoholism, smoking and tobacco. According to the WHO, the mortality rate due to the use of tobacco is more than 7 million per year and alcohol consumption leads to around 1.65 million deaths.[12]

3. Wrong physical activity: Sitting for long hours, wrong body posture and remaining indoors. The modern occupational settings (desk jobs) and the stress related to work is a strong risk factor for LDs. A simple lack of physical activity has been claiming1.6 million lives annually.[13]

4. Disturbed biological clock: Sleeping late, waking up late, not sleeping, and oversleeping. Disturbed biological clock increases the likelihood of LDs.

Non-modifiable risk factors: Risk factors that cannot be controlled or modified by intervention are called non-modifiable risk factors. These are age, race, gender and genetics.

Discussion

Pragyaparadh lead to many diseases. Wrongful actions are erupted from wrongful thinking. Wrongful thinking erupts from the mind that is not pure and clear. When the mind is adulterated by Rajas and Tamas Guna it cannot learn clearly, think clearly and decide clearly. Psychologists opine that man has a tendency to be attracted towards the ‘wrong’. Wishing to do what one is not supposed to do is called as ‘Temptation’. This is nothing but ‘Pragyaparadh’.

When the Satva quality of intellect recedes and Rajas and Tamas qualities augment, the intellect becomes deranged and tends to make wrong interpretations of knowledge. Favorable time, sense objects which are agreeable to the mind, virtuous activities which bestow happiness, control of mind and clear intellect, all these are ideal for promotion of health and accomplishment of happiness. Disbalance of Doshas leads to diseases like life style disorders and other illness.

The cause of disbalanced according to Ayurveda is Trividh Rogaayatana mainly Pragyaparadha e.g. changes in unhealthy diet and daily routine. Present world facing these conditions now a days and increases prevenances of diseases due to Pragyaparadha.

Conclusion

According to Ayurveda disease manifests begins with the formation of Ama in the body. It has tremendous capacity to vitiate the Doshas and disturbing the homeostasis (Dhatu-Samya).

Causes of Ama production is irregular diet and life style caused by Pragyaparadha. Disbalances of Dosha, Dhatus & Mala are diseases stage and it caused by Trividhrogayatan specially Pragyaparadha. In present scenario human being have lack of time and stress full life, this leads to lifestyle disorder. If we understand relation between lifestyle disorders and Trividhrogayatan (specially Pragyaparadha) and educate the people about these causes according to Ayurved science. We can succeed in prevention of lifestyle disorder like hypertension. So, we can say Pragyaparadha play important role in manifestation of Lifestyle Disorders.



Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(3)90
Vyas S: Trividh Rogayatana in manifestation of Life Style Disorders to Charak Samhita

Reference

1. Ram Karan Sharma Vaidya Bhagavan Dash editor. Charaka Samhita by Agnivesh. reprinted. Varanasi: Chaukamba Sanskrit Series 2013.vol 1. Verse 54.p.39.

2. Ram Karan Sharma Vaidya Bhagavan Dash editor. Charaka Samhita by Agnivesha. reprinted. Varanasi: Chaukamba Sanskrit Series 2013.vol 11. verse 99.p.336.

3. Ram Karan Sharma Vaidya Bhagavan Dash editor. Charaka Samhita by Agnivesha. reprinted. Varanasi: Chaukamba Sanskrit Series 2013.vol 11.verse 98.p.336.

4. Ram Karan Sharma Vaidya Bhagavan Dash editor. Charaka Samhita by Agnivesha. reprinted. Varanasi: Chaukamba Sanskrit Series 2013.vol 11. verse 102.p.337.

5. Ram Karan Sharma Vaidya Bhagavan Dash editor. Charaka Samhita by Agnivesha. reprinted. Varanasi: Chaukamba Sanskrit Series 2013.vol 11. verse 102.p.337.

6. Shastri Kashinath, Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Ed. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutrasthan. Reprint Ed, Ch.5, Ver.103 vol.1. Varanasi; Chaukhambha Bharati Academy Publication; 2014: P.132.

7. Shastri Kashinath, Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Ed. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutrasthan. Reprint Ed, Ch.11, Ver.43 vol.1. Varanasi; Chaukhambha Bharati Academy Publication; 2017: P.233.

8. B.K. Dwivedi, Lakshmidhar Dwivedi, Ed. Ayurvediyabhootviddhavivechan, Vishishtmanovyapar. Reprint ed, ch.06, Varanasi; Krishnadas Academy Puplication;1997: p.125.

9. Shastri Kashinath, Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Ed. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutrasthan. Reprint Ed, Ch.11, Ver.43 vol.1. Varanasi; Chaukhambha Bharati Academy Publication; 2017: P.233.

10. S.A. Tabish. Lifestyle diseases: Consequences, Characteristics, Causes and Control. Medcrave. Journal of cardiology and current research vol 9 issue 3-2017 eISSN-JCCR

11. Sharma M, Majumdar PK (2009). Occupational lifestyle diseases: An emerging issue. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2009 Dec.13 (3), 109–112.

12. WHO (2017). Noncommunicable diseases. Fact Sheet. (Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/ on :2/05/2017) ibid

13. WHO (2011). Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. (Retrieved from http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd.report full.en.pdf on 1/05/2017)


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2023;8(3)91