E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Andopanaha

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2023 Volume 8 Number 12 December
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

A comprehensive guide to Andopanaha - A modified Swedana procedure that can be utilized in Panchakarma in various forms

Vipinsha RS1, Bibin KB2*, Thilak A3
DOI:10.21760/jaims.8.12.27

1 Vipinsha RS, Assistant Professor, Department of Panchakarma, G J Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies Research New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India.

2* Bibin KB, Associate Professor, Department of Rasasastra Bhaishajya Kalpana, G J Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies Research New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India.

3 Amritha Thilak, Medical Officer, Department of Panchakarma, G J Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies Research New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India.

Introduction: The Upanaha Sweda and Anda Pinda Sweda have wide levels of application in Ayurveda practice. Upanaha Sweda is mentioned by Acharya Charaka in Niragni Sweda type. Whereas, other classics like Susruta Samhita and Astanga Hrudaya mention it in the Sagni Sweda variety. So, combining both the views of Acharyas, we can interpret that there are 2 types of Upanaha i.e., Sagni Upanaha & Niragni Upanaha. Anda Pinda Sweda is a type of Snigdha Sankara Sweda. These two classically mentioned therapies are less utilized in many institutions due to various reasons. Here in this study, we are trying the sort out the practical difficulties and find the possible modifications of these classical procedures for their utilization in the modern era. Methodology: With the main intention of developing a Snigdha Swedana procedure having both the benefits of Anda Pinda Sweda and Upanaha Sweda, the Andopanaha is designed. Here in this new method, the Dhanya Dravya is replaced by the (Kukkuta Anda) egg white, which is also a good binding agent. Observations: Compared to the Anda Pinda Sweda procedure the contact of Egg proteins with the skin is more in the Andopanaha procedure. Which helps is more analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory effects of the egg proteins. Discussion: The paper is prepared by authors with the intention that procedures and standards of care must be updated with modern tools and technologies without violating the basic principles of Ayurveda. If the old procedures need any changes according to the modern era they must be followed for their propagation in the public.

Keywords: Panchakarma, Swedana, Upanaha, Anda Pinda Sweda, Modified Panchakarma, Ayurveda Patch, Ayurveda Bandage

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Bibin KB, Associate Professor, Department of Rasasastra Bhaishajya Kalpana, G J Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies Research New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India.
Email: 		Vipinsha RS, Bibin KB, Thilak A, A comprehensive guide to Andopanaha - A modified Swedana procedure that can be utilized in Panchakarma in various forms. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2023;8(12):182-189.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/2963

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2023-10-14 2023-10-24 2023-11-06 2023-11-16 2023-11-22
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None declared Nil Yes 20.21

© 2023by Vipinsha RS, Bibin KB, Thilak Aand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(12)182
Vipinsha R.S. et al. Andopanaha - Swedana procedure that can be utilized in Panchakarma

Introduction

Sankara Sweda and Upanaha Sweda are two types of Swedana modalities that are being practiced by various Ayurvedic physicians for varying disorders. Acharya Charaka mentioned Sweda can be broadly classified into Sagni Sweda and Niragni Sweda.[1] Sankara Sweda is the first and foremost Sweda type of Sagni Sweda by Achara Charaka.[2] So, it must have special importance in the management of various diseases. Sankara Sweda again is of many types. Based on its properties generally, it can be further broadly classified into Snigdha Sankara Sweda and Rooksha Sankara Sweda. Anda Pinda Sweda is a type of Snigdha Sankara Sweda.

Upanaha is mentioned by Acharya Charaka in Niragni Sweda type.[3] Whereas, the other classics like Susruta Samhita, Astanga Hrudaya, and Ashtanga Sangraha are mentioning it in the Sagni Sweda variety.[4-6] So, combining both the views of Acharyas, we can interpret that there are 2 types of Upanaha i.e., Sagni Upanaha & Niragni Upanaha. In Sagni Upanaha, the mixture will be heated or cooked in the fire before application to produce the Swedana Karma. But, in Niragni Upanaha, the mixture as such will be applied to the body with a thick covering of Vatahara Patra as well as Bandhana Samagri. The combination of Ushna Veerya Dravya will be producing the heat inside the Upanaha. The Vatahara Patra will do the retention of the heat emitted by the body inside the Upanaha bandage.

Both, the Upanaha and Andapinda Sweda have wide levels of application. Even though both therapies have enough Sneha in them and are mentioned for the Snidha Swedana procedure, they can be used for the Ruksha - Snigdha Swedana procedure by reducing the amount of Sneha used for the preparation. These two classically mentioned therapies are less utilized in many institutions due to various reasons. Here in this study, we are trying the sort out the practical difficulties and find the possible modifications of these classical procedures for their utilization in the modern era.

Parts of the Upanaha mixture

Different types of materials or drugs used in Upanaha can be classified into Gandha Dravya or Aushadha Dravya, Dhanya Dravya, Amla Dravya, Lavana, Sneha Dravya, Bandhana Samagri,

etc. The list of Dravya parts in the Upanaha, their importance, and the commonly used drugs in each part are explained in the table below (Table 01)

Table 1: Table showing the parts of a classical Upanaha, its importance, and generally used drugs in each part.

SNParts of the UpanahaImportanceCommonly Used Drugs
1. Upanaha ChoornaThey are also known as Aushadha Dravya or Gandha Dravya. It is the main medicinal part. It does Samana of the doshas vitiated and reduces the signs and symptoms of the affected diseases. It contains many volatile oils. It can be chosen according to the disease.Various powders of single drugs like Rasna, Jatamamsi, Shatapushpa, Devadaru, Vacha, etc., as well as combinations of these drugs and Yogas like Kolakulathathi, Kottamchukkadi, Jadamayadi, Gruhadhoomadi Choorna, etc.
2. Dhanya ChoornaThey are also known as Bandhana Dravya. It is the binding agent in the preparation that helps to content to stick together.Wheat Flour, Black gram flour, Rice flour, Atta, Maida, etc.
3. Amla DravyaIt also has penetrating properties and helps the entire medicine to go deeper into the tissues to get the desired effect.Lemon juice, Buttermilk, Curd, Fermented preparations like Asava, Arishta, etc.
4. LavanaIt also has penetrating properties and helps the entire medicine to go deeper into the tissues to get the desired effect. It also does Kapha Vilayana and Kapha Chedana.Saidhava Lavana (Rock salt)
5. Sneha DravyaMedicated oils, can be added according to the condition of the patient.Various Thaila Yogas like Sahacharadi Thala, Kottam Chukkadi Thaila, Prasaranyadi Thaila, Ksheerabala Thaila, Dhanwantaram Thaila, Bala Thaila, etc.
6. Vatahara PatraA part along with the Bandhana Samagri, a type of bad conductor of heat. It helps to retain the heat inside the Upanaha.Various big leaves like Kadali Patra (Banana leaves), Eranda Patra (Castor leaves), Arka Patra (Calotropis leaves), etc.
7. Bandhana SamagriThick bandaging material which also allows the retention of heat inside gives immobilization, as well as avoids leakage of the medicament insideCotton, Wool, Bandage cloth, etc.

Aim

The main aim of this study is to establish the need


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(12)183
Vipinsha R.S. et al. Andopanaha - Swedana procedure that can be utilized in Panchakarma

for and clinical possibilities of a new Swedana modality called Andopanaha in the practice of Swedana karma in Panchakarma.

Objectives

1. To check the presence of any limitations in the current practice of the classical Anada Pinda Sweda and Upanaha Sweda.

2. Establish the need for a modification and evaluate the modified procedure.

3. Further scope in the modified procedure with modern technologies.

Methodology

To develop a new procedure in the Swedana Karma, the previous classical methods and their principles must be considered initially. The contents or the materials required for both the Anda Pinda Sweda and Upanaha must be analysed. Since both the Swedana procedures are mentioned in the Snigdha Sweda variety, the conditions or indications of both procedures are expected to have some similarities. The practical limitations and cost of raw materials also need to be considered.

Limitations or common practical difficulties in the utilisation of Anda Pinda Sweda

  • Smell issue during the preparation as well as procedure

The smell of the processing of Kukkuta Anda during preparation as well as while conducting the procedure is very high. Some patients as well as staff will not be able to bear the continuous smell inside the Panchakarma unit. Since the Panchakarma units will be a closed setup without direct exposure to wind and breeze the smell resides inside the theatre for a long time.

If the preparation is done with boiled egg the smell produced during the preparation of Pottali can be reduced but a certain amount of smell will reappear again during reheating the Pottali during the procedure.

  • More eggs are required to make one Pottali

Single Pottali for an Anda Pinda Sweda procedure requires a minimum of 6 eggs. Mostly Anda Pinda Sweda Pottalis are not reused. So, to complete Anda Pinda Swedana for 7 days it approximately required 42 eggs. The eggs need to be properly

stored and need to be used as fresh. The storage of a large number of eggs will be an issue for the practitioners.

  • Less time of contact and less absorption

Compared to Upanaha the time of contact between the body and the procedure is very less. It is continuously stocked and moved during the procedure and the procedure will be completed usually within 40-45 minutes.

  • Heated (Boiled or fried) eggs are used

The eggs are either boiled or fried to make the Pottali. The absorption of nutrients from a well-cooked egg is very limited through this external application compared to partially or uncooked eggs. Moreover, while completely cooking the egg, it loses many vitamins including Vitamin A & D and many anti-oxidants in it.

  • Expert manpower is required for preparation as well as for application.

Preparation of the Pottali as well as the entire procedure manpower for about a minimum of 1 hour. The person should be well trained for maximum care to the patient.

Limitations or practical difficulties due to Dhanya Dravya as a binding agent in the Utilisation of the Upanaha Sweda

  • Less suitable in Anagneya form

The binding property of Dhanya Dravya is very good when it is heated or half-cooked. So, in Agneya Upanaha, where the entire mixture is prepared with fire involvement the mixture becomes stickier to the body. But, in the case of the Anagneya variety of Upanaha, the mixture is not heated so that the sticky property of Dhanya Dravya is comparatively less and becomes dry detached from the body after a certain time of application.

  • Makes the preparation bulkier

The Dhanya Dravya along with the other parts of the Upanaha becomes more heavy and thicker. The single joint requires a minimum of 25-30 g each of Dhanya Dravya and Aushadha Dravya. 10-20 g of Lavana, 10-20 ml of each of Sneha and Amla Dravya, 1 layer of Vatahara Patra, and a thick layer of cloth or bandaging material. The mixture becomes altogether bulky and difficult for a person to do at least his daily activities.

  • More time for mixture setting

Mixture setting or drying still requires approximately


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(12)184
Vipinsha R.S. et al. Andopanaha - Swedana procedure that can be utilized in Panchakarma

30 minutes after application, which may vary based on the area and humidity.

The New Methodology of Andopanaha: A New Way of Thinking

Due to the existing limitations mentioned above the usage of the classical Swedana methods like Anda Pinda Sweda and Upanaha Sweda is not completely utilized in most of the institutions or clinics. Even after seeing the compatibility or need of such procedures most of the physicians rely on other modalities in their practice. Sometimes even the patient may request to change the procedure due to various practical difficulties. With the main intention of developing a Snigdha Swedana procedure having both the benefits of Anda Pinda Sweda and Upanaha Sweda, the Andopanaha is designed. To some extent, it is believed to have a role in reducing the bulk of Upanaha Sweda and smell issues during the procedure of Anda Pinda Sweda. Here in this new method, the Dhanya Dravya is replaced by the (Kukkuta Anda) egg white, which is also a good binding agent. Materials required in the proposed procedure of Andopanaha and its comparison with Classical Upanaha are shown in Table 02.

Table 2: Table showing the methodology of Andopanaha and its similarity and dissimilarity with the parts of a classical Upanaha.

SNParts of the UpanahaSimilarityParts of the Andopanaha
1. Upanaha Choorna√Upanaha Choorna
2. Dhanya Choorna×Kukkuta Anda (Egg white)
3. Amla Dravya√Amla Dravya
4. Lavana√Lavana
5. Sneha Dravya√Sneha Dravya
6. Vatahara Patra√Vatahara Patra
7. Bandhana Samagri√Bandhana Samagri

Comparison of the properties of commonly used Dhanyas in Upanaha and Kukkuta Anda mentioned in Ayurveda Classics

Commonly used Dhanya Dravyas that are used as the binding agent include rice flour, wheat flour, black gram powder, sesame flour, etc. Even though the phytochemical constituents of each Dravya vary, according to Ayurveda there are certain common properties of each Dhanya Dravya. Also, there are certain comparable properties in Kukkuta Anda with the Dhanya Varga. That may be the reason why Acharya Pandit Kaiyadeva mentioned Kukkuta Anda in Dhanya Varga Adhyaya itself in his book Kaiyadeva Nighantu. The comparison of the properties of commonly used Dhanyas in Upanaha

and Kukkuta Anda according to various Ayurveda classics is shown in Table 03.

Table 3: Table showing the comparison of properties of commonly used Dhanyas in Upanaha and Kukkuta Anda mentioned in Ayurveda classics[7-13]

SNDravyaPropertiesDoshaghnata
1. Shashtika ShaliSnigdha, Grahi, Laghu, Madhura, Sthira, Hima, etc.Tridosha Hara
2. YavaRuksha, Sheeta, Guru, Madhura, Sara, Vit Janana, Vrushya, Sthairyakrit, Mutra Roga Hara, Medohara, Uristambha Hara, Twak Roga HaraVata Krit
Pitta Kapha Hara
3. TilaUshna, Twachya, Hima Sparsha, Keshya, Balya, Guru, Katu Paka, Medha Krit, Agni Krit, etc.Kapha Pitta Krit
Vata Hara
4. MashaSnigdha, Bala Kara, Sara, Guru, Ushna, Madhura, Shukrala, etc.Kapha Pitta Krit
Vata Hara
5. GodhumaVrishya, Sheeta, Guru, Snigdha, Jeevana, Sandhanakari, Madhura, Godhuma, Sthairyakrit, Sara, etc.Vata Pitta Hara
6. Kukkuta AndaAgni Krit, Brimhana, Balavardhana, Ruchya, Kantikara, Vrishya, Sthoulya Krit, etc.Vata Hara

Observations and Results

Advantages in the Utilisation of Andopanaha Sweda & Benefits of Andopanaha

  • Can retain the medicaments up to 12 hours on the body surface providing more contact time support and absorption.

Compared to the Anda Pinda Sweda procedure the contact of Egg proteins with the skin is more in the Andopanaha procedure. Which helps is more analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory effects of the egg proteins.

  • Less irritant compared to Dhanya Dravya as the binding agent.

The physical characteristic of egg white in the form of a binding agent is more suitable than powders of cereals. It will hold the mixture more tightly than the Dhanya Dravya. Also, it will remain more adherent to the skin after drying thereby will not produce much irritation compared to the latter. The various contents of the egg are also good for the skin. Since the Upanaha needs to be retained more the Andopanaha procedure will be more suitable for the skin also.

  • More strengthening than compared to Dhanya Dravya

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(12)185
Vipinsha R.S. et al. Andopanaha - Swedana procedure that can be utilized in Panchakarma

Compared to the powders of various kinds of cereal as well as pulses that can be utilized in Upanaha, the egg is found to be the richest source of nourishment and strengthening agent.

Limitations of the Andopanaha

  • Mixture setting or drying still requires approximately 15-20 minutes after application, which may vary based on the area and humidity.
  • Smell issues during preparation persist in a mild form

The prepared mixture will possess the smell of egg even though many Gandha Dravyas are present in the mixture. However, after proper bandaging, the smell can be controlled.

  • Cannot be stored much for longer use.

The mixture needs to be prepared fresh. Since the egg makes the mixture hardened even in cold form, the mixture needs to be prepared just before application and cannot be stored even in refrigerated form.

  • Required fresh egg storage. Still, the storage of eggs is required. But compared to the number of eggs required for Andapinda Sweda, a minimum of 2 eggs will be enough for a single joint procedure of Andopanaha.

Further Scopes in the Andopanaha in the present era

While we are discussing the development of a new modified procedure, it needs to be the most suitable form for the modern era. We can incorporate the advancement of technology and modern tools to optimize it for maximum utilization. The following are the further scopes of Andopanaha:

  • Andopanaha in the form of non-heating direct apply Ayurveda Patch
  • Andopanaha in the form of heat and apply Ayurveda Patch
  • Andopanaha medicaments in the form of Ointment
  • Andopanaha medicaments in the form of Heating pads.

An optimized procedure of Andopanaha in the form of an Ayurveda Patch

The simplest and most convenient form of Andopanaha will be the Ayurveda Patch.

The pictorial representation of Andopanaha in the form of an Ayurveda Patch is shown in Figure 01.

jaims_2963_01.JPG
jaims_2963_02.JPG
Figure 1: Image showing the various levels of application of Andopana in the form of an Ayurveda Patch

Major advantages of making Andopanaha in the form of an Ayurveda Patch

  • Andopanaha Ayurvedic Patch can be used easily in all major joints of the body.
  • Even more than one joint can be utilized at a time by an Ayurveda patch without affecting daily activities, which is required in the current scenario.
  • Gives complete support for the care requirement period along with medicinal effect.
  • Smell issues and storage issues can be corrected which utilizing a patch.
  • The patch does not require a drying period to avoid leakage.
  • Time-efficient and manpower-efficient protocol. Once the patch is designed, utilization is quite easy. Does not require much manpower or supervision. Even the patient can apply the patch after a single-time demonstration of proper application.

The pictorial representation of the major areas or joints where Andopanaha Patch utilization is possible is shown in Figure 02.


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(12)186
Vipinsha R.S. et al. Andopanaha - Swedana procedure that can be utilized in Panchakarma
jaims_2963_03.JPG
Figure 2: Figure showing the pictorial representation of the major joints that can be utilized by the Andopanaha Ayurveda patch without affecting daily activities.

Discussion

Nowadays, eggs are used in various industries including medical, pharmaceutical, nutritional, and biotechnological industries. It is the cheapest source of Proteins, as well as various Vitamins and minerals. Nutritionally egg is very important in humans. For example, the egg contains Choline, which is a very essential nutrient that is required for the synthesis of various phospholipids that are essential for all the membranes and for the development and normal functioning of various body structures. Dietary choline is also proven to enhance skin immunity and elasticity improvement.[14] Also, the lysozyme, G2 and G3 globulins, ova macroglobulin, immunoglobulin Y, and various other antimicrobial compounds in eggs could induce immunogenicity and antimicrobial properties. The topical application of Tryptophan ointment is proven to improve skin health and produce healing to burn wounds and reduction in oedema in mice by increasing re-epithelialization, cell proliferation, and neovascularization process. Tryptophan is a vital compound and essential amino acid present in egg whites.[15] A clinical trial conducted by the Faculties of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran states that Egg yolk is more efficient than nitro-glycerine in the treatment of acute anal fissures with fewer side

effects. The study states that the egg in the form of topical application is an excellent medication for fissures with significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.[16]

There are many comparative studies ongoing in various fields on natural binding agents and their ratios. The grain flour and egg white powders are being cross-examined in various studies. A study conducted by the faculties of University Sains Malaysia concluded glutinous rice flour is more efficient than dried egg white in the fabrication of porous cordierite by gel casting method.[17] So, the modification of the protocol between natural binders is conducted in various fields all around the world.

While we are discussing the modification of Dhanya Dravya with Kukkuta Anda in the Upanaha, one thing we must remember is that Acharya Kaiyyadeva mentioned Kukkudanda in the Dhanya Varga chapter itself. Acharya must have mentioned it in the same category because of the similarity of their properties.[18] So, both Ayurveda and Modern principles support the similarity of the utilization of Kukkudanda as a binding agent in Upanaha. According to Ayurveda, Chicken eggs are believed to have properties like Brumhana (nourishing), Bala Vardhana (increases strength), Kanti Karaka (improves complexion and elasticity), and Sthoulyakrit (best for gaining muscle bulk).[9] According to various Ayurveda classics, Kukkuta Anda (Chicken egg) has various dosage forms and benefits in the body. Acharya Charaka, Chicken egg can even be utilized in the form of Yapana Basti Chikitsa (medicated enema) for the improvement of strength complexion and aphrodisiac activity.[19] According to Acharya Susruta, even the shell of a chicken egg is useful in curing Rakta Abhisyanda (a suppurative disorder of the eye).[20] Various proteins in egg white show various biological properties like antimicrobial, growth factor binding, cell growth, stimulation of attachments, etc. Also, egg whites have been used in tissue engineering to induce blood vessel formation, etc.[21] The egg white is being used in bandaging by various traditional systems of medicine. Although egg white has mild allergic responses in some people, no adverse immune reactions have been reported so far.

Conclusion

There are many unexplored areas in the guidelines


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(12)187
Vipinsha R.S. et al. Andopanaha - Swedana procedure that can be utilized in Panchakarma

provided by our Acharyas. The paper is prepared by authors with the intention that procedures and standards of care must be updated with modern tools and technologies without violating the basic principles of Ayurveda. If the old procedures need any changes according to the modern era they must be followed for their propagation in the public.

Acknowledgment

The authors are completely obliged to all the Acharyas of Ayurveda, their gurus, and great Vaidyas, who are tremendous contributors to the field of Ayurveda. They worked continuously for the well-being of the community. All the views quoted in this study are completely inspired by the Acharyas of Ayurveda who gave us many new ideas. This paper is also submitted for the Ayurveda community for further utilization and health benefit of the needy population.

References

1. Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary, Choukhamba Sanskrit series. Varanasi. 1994, Sutra sthana, 14th Chapter, Sloka 65.

2. Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary, Choukhamba Sanskrit series. Varanasi. 1994, Sutra sthana, 14th Chapter, Sloka 34-40.

3. Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary, Choukhamba Sanskrit series. Varanasi. 1994, Sutra sthana, 14th Chapter, Sloka 66.

4. Susruta. Susruta Samhita, Chikitsa sthana English translation edited by PriyavratSharma, Chaukhambha visvabharati, Chikitsa sthana, 32nd Chapter, Sloka 3.

5. Vāgbhaṭa. Ashtangahridayam, Sutrasthana, with commentaries sarvangasundara of Arunadatta and Āyurvēda rasayana of Hemadri, Varanasi Chowkhamba Krishnadas academy, Sutra sthana 17th Chapter, Sloka 1.

6. Vruddha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Samgraha with Indu commentary of Sasilekha, edited by Shivprasad Sharma, published by Chaukhambha series, Sutra sthana, 26th Chapter Sloka 1.

7. Vāgbhaṭa. Ashtangahridayam,

Sutrasthana, with commentaries sarvangasundara of Arunadatta and Āyurvēda rasayana of Hemadri, Varanasi Chowkhamba Krishnadas academy, Sutra sthana 6th Chapter, Sloka 6.

8. Vāgbhaṭa. Ashtangahridayam, Sutrasthana, with commentaries sarvangasundara of Arunadatta and Āyurvēda rasayana of Hemadri, Varanasi Chowkhamba Krishnadas academy, Sutra sthana 6th Chapter, Sloka 13-14.

9. Vāgbhaṭa. Ashtangahridayam, Sutrasthana, with commentaries sarvangasundara of Arunadatta and Āyurvēda rasayana of Hemadri, Varanasi Chowkhamba Krishnadas academy, Sutra sthana 6th Chapter, Sloka 23.

10. Vāgbhaṭa. Ashtangahridayam, Sutrasthana, with commentaries sarvangasundara of Arunadatta and Āyurvēda rasayana of Hemadri, Varanasi Chowkhamba Krishnadas academy, Sutra sthana 6th Chapter, Sloka 21.

11. Vāgbhaṭa. Ashtangahridayam, Sutrasthana, with commentaries sarvangasundara of Arunadatta and Āyurvēda rasayana of Hemadri, Varanasi Chowkhamba Krishnadas academy, Sutra sthana 6th Chapter, Sloka 15-16.

12. Acharya Kaiyadeva, Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Dhanya Varga, Shloka No-16 redacted by Sharma P.V., 1st edition, New-Delhi, Chaukhambha publications, 1979 page no 303

13. Agnivesha. Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary, Choukhamba Sanskrit series. Varanasi. 1994, Sidhi sthana, 12th Chapter, Sloka 16.

14. Drewnowski, A. The Nutrient Rich Foods Index helps to identify healthy, affordable foods. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010, 91, 1095s–1101s.

15. Abeyrathne, E.; Ahn, D.U. Isolation of value-added components from egg white and their potential uses in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. In Handbook of Eggs in Human Function; Watson, R.R., De Meester, F., Eds.; Wageningen Acad Publ: Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2015; pp. 35–52.

16. Kovacs-Nolan, J.; Phillips, M.; Mine, Y. Advances in the value of eggs and egg components for human health. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 8421–8431.

17. Anton, M.; Nau, F.; Guerin-Dubiard, C. Bioactive


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(12)188
Vipinsha R.S. et al. Andopanaha - Swedana procedure that can be utilized in Panchakarma

fractions of eggs for human and animal health. In Improving the Safety and Quality of Eggs and Egg Products, Vol 2: Egg Safety and Nutritional Quality; Van Immerseel, F., Nys, Y., Bain, M., Eds.; Woodhead Publ Ltd.: Cambridge, UK, 2011; pp. 321–345.

18. Mahmoudi M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Pourmorad F, Rezaie N, Mahmoudi MA. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of egg yolk: a comparison between organic and machine made. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013 Feb;17(4):472-6. PMID: 23467945.

19. Acharya Kaiyadeva, Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Dhanya Varga, Shloka 8-9 redacted by Sharma P.V., 1st edition, New-Delhi, Chaukhambha publications, 1979 page no 301.

20. Vruddha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Samgraha with Indu commentary of Sasilekha, edited by Shivprasad Sharma, published by Chaukhambha series, Kalpa sthana, 5th Chapter Sloka 11.

21. Susruta. Susruta Samhita, Chikitsa sthana English translation edited by PriyavratSharma, Chaukhambha visvabharati, Uttara sthana, 12th Chapter, Sloka 24-26.

22. Salari M, Salari R, Dadgarmoghadam M, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Hosseini M. Efficacy of egg yolk and nitro-glycerine ointment as treatments for acute anal fissures: A randomized clinical trial study. Electron Physician. 2016 Oct 25;8(10):3035-3041. doi: 10.19082/3035. PMID: 27957300; PMCID: PMC5133025.

23. Bhava Mishra, Mishra B. S. (editor), Bhavaprakasha, Madhyama Khanda, Vatavyadhichikitsa 24/ 77, 11 ed 2012, Kashi Sanskrit bhavan Varanasi, p. 35

24. Tadas V, Parve S. Evaluation of Efficacy of Kukkutanda Pottali Sweda and Kukkutanda Upanaha Sweda in Manyasthambha - A Comparative Study, Int. J. Adv. Res. 2017:5(11) 919-926


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2023;8(12)189