E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Dhatryadi Kwatha

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 7 JULY
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

A critical review on Dhatryadi Kwatha

Patil S1*, Sandeep Y2, Kadibagil VR3, Prakruthi TS4
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.7.33

1* Suresha Patil, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

2 Sandeep Y, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

3 Vinaykumar R Kadibagil, Professor, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

4 Prakruthi TS, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is indeed a significant branch of Ayurveda, focusing on formulations prepared from different sources such as metals, minerals, marine drugs, herbal drugs, and silicate drugs. The Dhatryadi Kwatha is categorized under Kwatha Kalpana,[1] which involves the preparation of decoctions. Dhatryadi Kwatha specifically mentioned in classical texts for its therapeutic benefits in conditions such as Mutrakrichra (dysuria), Switra Kustha (leprosy), Hikka (hiccups), Prameha (Diabetes mellitus), Shiroroga (disease related to head), and Raktapitta (bleeding disorders). The drugs mentioned in Dhatryadi Kwatha are known for properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive, anti-asthmatic, diuretic, antioxidant, and demulcent effects. According to various classical texts like Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Yogaratnakara, Vangasena, Chakradatta, Vrandamadava, Gadanigraha, and Vaidyamrutha, In total, there are eight references across these classical texts that elaborate on the composition and therapeutic uses of Dhatryadi Kwatha, emphasizing its effectiveness in various medical conditions.

Keywords: Dhatri, Dhatryadi Kwatha, Mutrakrichra, Switra Kustha

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Suresha Patil, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Patil S, Sandeep Y, Kadibagil VR, Prakruthi TS, A critical review on Dhatryadi Kwatha. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(7):219-224.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3347

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-05-13 2024-05-21 2024-06-01 2024-06-11 2024-06-21
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None Nil Yes 12.33

© 2024by Patil S, Sandeep Y, Kadibagil VR, Prakruthi TSand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

In Ayurvedic therapeutics drug therapy is given prime importance. There is a very well -developed sub-discipline entirely devoted to drug formulations known as Bhaishajya Kalpana is originated during medieval period around 8th century, centers on formulation of medications like Swarasa, Kalka, Kashaya, Taila, and Ghrita etc. employing ingredients such as herbs, minerals and metals. parts of water until liquid reduces to one eighth of its original volume, and then filtered. Dhatryadi Kwatha is documented in various classical texts such as Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Yogaratnakara, Vangasena, Chakradatta, Vrandamadava, Gadanigraha, and Vaidyamrutha. It is recommended for conditions like Mutrakrichra (dysuria), Switrakustha (leprosy), Hikka (hiccups), Prameha (urinary disorders), Shiroroga and Raktapitta (bleeding disorders) etc. One specific formulation, Dhatryadi Kwatha, is notably available in market, with references of Bhaishajya ratnavali from, indicating its wide usage in clinical practice. Dhatryadhi Kwatha primarily consists of herbal ingredients. Amalaki (Emblica officinalis) Draksha (Vitis vinifera), Vidarikanda (Pueraria tuberosa DC), Madhuyasti (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Goksura (Tribulus terrestris), Darbha (Imperata cylindrica), Magadi (Piper longum linn), Sunti (Zingibera officinale), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula retz),

Bibitaki (Terminalia belerica roxb), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Guduchi (Tinospora cardifolia miers), Kiratatikta (Swertia chirata buch ham), and Nimba (Azadirachta indica jus). Khadira (Acacia catechu) and Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia), Mustha (Cyperus Rotundus linn) and Haridra (Curcuma longa) are ingredients in formulation due to its multiple therapeutic benefits. Although core ingredients such as Dhatri are consistent across texts, slight variations can be observed among different textbooks in terms of additional or omitted ingredients in Kwatha. The method of preparing Dhatryadi Kwatha is mostly uniform but variations in therapeutic applications and specific ingredients can be found across different textbooks. In this work, an effort was made to gather information on Dhatryadi Kwatha from various ayurvedic textbooks.

Materials and Methods

References for Dhatrayadi Kwatha were gathered from various classical texts on Bhaishajya Kalpana, highlighting unique contributions of each source. Due to absence of published research data on Dhatrayadi Kwatha, it was essential to complete traditional information.

Method of preparation of Kwatha

Take coarse powder of ingredients and mix it with 16 parts of water. Heat mixture gently over low heat until it reduces to 1/8th of its original volume.

Table 1: References from different texts

SNReferencesIngredientsNo. of IngredientsAnupana (Adjuvant)Indication
1.Bhaishajya Ratnavali[1]
Laghu		Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Draksha (Vitis vinifera),Vidarikanda (Pueraria tuberosa DC) , Madhuyasti (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Goksura (Tribulus terrestris), water and sugar5Sharkara Mutrakrichra
2.Bhaishajya Ratnavali[2]
Bruhat		Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Draksha (Vitis vinifera), Madhuyasti (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Vidarikanda (Pueraria tuberosa DC), Goksura (Tribulus terrestris), root of Darbha (Imperata cylindrica), “root of black sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Haridra (Curcuma longa), water and sugar8Sharkara Mutrakrichra
3.Yogaratnakara[3]Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Magadhi (Piper longum linn), Sunti (Zingibera officinale), and sugar3SharkaraHikka
4.Vangasena[4]Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula retz), Bibitaki (Terminalia belerica roxb), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Guduchi (Tinospora cardifolia miers), Kiratatikta (Swertia chirata buch ham),and Nimba (Azadirachta indica jus).7Timira
5.Vrandamadava[5]Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Khadira (Acacia catechu) and Bhakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia) seeds3BakuchiSwitra Kustha
6.Chakradatta[6]Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Khadira (Acacia catechu) and Bhakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia) seeds.3BakuchiSwitra Kustha
7.Gadanigrha[7] Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Khadira (Acacia catechu) and Bhakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia) seeds.3BakuchiSwitra Kustha
8.Vrandamadhava[8]Amalaki (Emblica officinalis) Mustha (Cyperus Rotundus linn) and Haridra (Curcuma longa). 3Vatarakta

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Table 2: Rasapanchaka

IngredientsLatin nameRasaGunaViryaVipaka
Amalaki[9]Emblica officinalis Amlapradana (Sour) Lavana Varjitha PancharasaRuksha (Non unctuousness), Laghu (Lightness), Sara Sita (Cold)Madhura (Sweet)
Draksha[10]Vitis vinifera Madhura (Sweet)Snigdha (Unctuousness), Guru (Heaviness)Sita (Cold)Madhura (Sweet)
Khadira[11]Acacia catechu Tikta (Bitter) Kasaya (Astringent)Laghu (Lightness), Ruksha (non-unctuousness)Sita (Cold) Katu (Pungent)
Yastimadhu[12]Glycyrrhiza glabra Madhura (Sweet)Guru (Heaviness), Snigdha (Unctuousness)Sita (Cold)Madhura (Sweet)
Bakuchi[13]Psoralea corylifolia Tikta (Bitter) Madhura (Sweet)Ruksha (Non- Unctuousness), Sara, Laghu (Lightness)Sita (Cold) Ushna (Hot)Katu (Pungent)
Darbha[14]Imperata cylindrica Madhura (Sweet)
Kasaya (Astringent)		Laghu (Lightness), Snigdha (Unctuousness)Sita (Cold)Madhura (Sweet)
Haritaki[15]Terminalia chebula retzKasaya (Astringent) Madhura (Sweet)
Amla (Sour) Katu (Pungent)
Tikta (Bitter)		Laghu (Lightness), Ruksha (Non- Unctuousness)Ushna (Hot)Madhura (Sweet)
Guduchi[16]Tinospora cardifolia miersTikta (Bitter) Kasaya (Astringent)Guru (Heaviness), Snigdha (Unctuousness)Ushna (Hot)Madhura (Sweet)
Kiratatikta[17]Swertia chirata buch -HamTikta (Bitter)Laghu (Lightness), Ruksha (Non- Unctuousness)
Sara 		Sita (Cold)Katu (Pungent)
Vibitaki[18]Terminalia belerica roxbKasaya (Astringent)Ruksha (Non- Unctuousness), Laghu (Lightness)Ushna (Hot)Madhura (Sweet)
Nimba[19]Azadirac-hta indica jussTikta (Bitter) Kasaya (Astringent)Laghu (Lightness), Ruksha (Non- Unctuousness)Sita (Cold)Katu (Pungent)
Musta[20]Cyperus rotundus linnTikta (Bitter) Kasaya (Astringent)
Katu (Pungent)		Laghu (Lightness), Ruksha (Non- Unctuousness)Sita (Cold)Katu (Pungent)
Haridra[21]Curcuma longa Tikta (Bitter) Katu (Pungent)Ruksha (Non- Unctuousness), Laghu (LightnessUshna (Hot)Katu (Pungent)
Shunti[22]Zingibera officinale Katu (Pungent)Laghu (Lightness Snigdha (Unctuousness)Ushna (Hot)Madhura (Sweet)
Vidarikanda[23]Pueraria tuberosa DCMadhura (Sweet)Guru (Heaviness), Snigdha (Unctuousness)Sita (Cold)Madhura (Sweet)
Ikshumula[24]Saccharum officinarum Madhura (Sweet)Snigdha (Unctuousness) Guru (Heaviness)Sita (Cold)Madhura (Sweet)
Magadi[25]Piper longum linnKatu (Pungent)Laghu (Lightness) Teekshna Ushna (Hot)Madhura (Sweet)
Gokshura[26]Tribilus terresrtis Madhura (Sweet)Guru (Heaviness) Snigdha (Unctuousness)Sita (Cold)Madhura (Sweet)

After simmering and reducing strain the decoction to remove any solid particles.

Discussion

A total of eight references of Dhatryadi Kwatha have been compiled. It can be inferred that the earliest reference is found in Chakradatta (11th century), followed by Gadanigraha (12th century) and Bhaishajya Ratnavali (19th century). In Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Under Mutrakrichra Adhyaya, two formulations known as Dhatryadhi Kwatha are mentioned in Brihat and Laghu. These formulations include Gokshura and Darbha, renowned for their potent diuretic properties and antibacterial effects.

Both preparations share the same method of preparation and therapeutic applications, using Sharkara as an Anupana. In Yogaratnakara, Dhatryadhi Kwatha is noted under the Hikka Chikitsa. This formulation includes Amalaki and Pippali, which possess Rasayana (rejuvenating) properties.

Pippali is specifically recognized for its antitussive and anti-asthmatic effects in relieving Hikka. The primary doshas involved in Hikka are Vata and Kapha. Shunti (ginger) characterized with Katu Rasa, Laghu Guna, Madhura Vipaka, Ushna Virya, serves as a remedy that alleviates Vata and Kapha, thus aiding in the relief of Hikka (hiccup).


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According to Vrandhamadava, Dhatryadi Kwatha is mentioned in two contexts with the same preparation method but different ingredients one under Kustha Adikara and another in Vatarakta Chikitsa. Vrandhamadava, Chakradatta, and Gadanigraha describe identical ingredients, Anupana, therapeutic uses, and preparation methods. This formulation includes Amalaki, Khadira, and Bakuchi, known for their Kushthagnha and Switraghna action. Additionally, Amalaki and Khadira have Vyadhipratyanika action while Bakuchi is drug of choice in Switra. Amalaki aids in coloring and Khadira enhances absorption. All three drugs have Rasayana effects, which support the balanced state of Dosha and Dhatu.

Previous research work on therapeutic usage of Dhatryadi Kwatha is widely used in therapeutic conditions. One example shows significant efficacy, with an overall repigmentation rate of 42.49%, Considerable improvement in Romavivarnatha (hair color) was observed at 69.84%. Relief from Kandu (itching) and Twak Rukshata (dryness of skin) was noted at rates of 74.07% and 55.22%, respectively. Daha (burning sensation) symptoms, seen in two individuals, were completely relieved.[27] Dhatryadi Kwath is also used in conditions like Mutrakrucchra (urinary disorders). In 40 patients with Pittaja Mutrakrucchra, statistical tests applied to questionnaire scores indicated a reduction in symptoms such as Sarujam Mutrapravrutti (bloody urine), Sadaha Mutrapravrutti (burning urination), and Muhurmuhu Mutrapravrutti (frequent urination).[28]

Conclusion

The preparation "Dhatryadi Kwatha" appears to be mentioned in various classical Ayurvedic texts like Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Yogaratnakara, Vangasena, Vrandhamadava, Chakradatta, Gadanigraha, across different chapters (Adhikara) dedicated to specific diseases (Rogas) such as Mutrakrichra (urinary disorders), Kusta (skin diseases), Shiroroga (head diseases), etc. Each reference provides its own unique interpretation and composition of the formulation, often with slight variations in ingredients. Despite these variations, the intended therapeutic effect (Tridosha Shamaka - balancing of the three Doshas) and dosage remain consistent across different authors. Additionally, different texts suggest varied Anupana for the formulation.

References

1. Lochan K, English translation on Bhaisajya Ratnavali of Shri Govinda Das. vol-2; 1 edition, Mutrakricchra: chapter 34, verse 23. Varanasi, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan, 2006: p.459

2. Lochan K, English translation on Bhaisajya Ratnavali of Shri Govinda Das. vol-2; 1 edition, Mutrakricchra: chapter 34, verse 24. Varanasi, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan, 2006: p.460

3. Umari A Tewari P, Yogaratnakara, vol-1; 1 Edition, Hikka Chikitsa, Chapter 13, verse 25. Chaukhambha visvabharati, 2010: p. 478

4. Sexena N, vangasena samhitha, vol-2; 1 Edition, Shiroroga Adyaya, Chapter 72, Verse 114. chowkhamba Sanskrit series office, Varanasi, 2004; p.957

5. Kumari A Tewari P, vrndamadhava, vol-2; 1 Edition, Kusthaadikara, Chapter 51, Verse 43. Chaukhambha Visvabharati, 2006: p. 622

6. Sharma p v, Chakradattha Sanskrit text with English Transalation; 2 Edition, kustha Chikitsa, chapter 50, verse 71. Chaukhambha Orientalia, 1998: p. 399

7. Tripati I, gadanigraha vidotini hindivyakyopeta, vol-2; Swithra Chikitsa, Capter 63, Verse 241. Chaukhambha Samskrutha Samsthana, p.606

8. Kumari A Tewari P, Vrndamadhava, vol-1; 1 Edition, Vataraktaadikara, Chapter 23, Verse 28. Chaukhambha Visvabharati, 2006: p. 368

9. Hegde P., A. Harini, A Text Book of Dravyaguna Vigyana vol-2, Revised Edition 2020, New Delhi, Chaukhambha Publications. p.25-30.

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13. Hegde P., A. Harini, A Text Book of Dravyaguna Vigyana vol-2, Revised Edition 2020, New Delhi, Chaukhambha Publications. p.97-03.


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14. Hegde P., A. Harini, A Text Book of Dravyaguna Vigyana vol-3, Revised Edition 2020, New Delhi, Chaukhambha Publications. p.131-35.

15. Hegde P., A. Harini, A Text Book of Dravyaguna Vigyana vol-2, Revised Edition 2020, New Delhi, Chaukhambha Publications. p.287-99.

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27. Radhika Injamuri, Suryanarayana Mudadla. Clinical Study in Children on the therapeutic Effect of Dhatryadi Kwatha & Aparajitha Lepa in Switra. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research. 2016;4(6):98-103

28. Govind K.D, Karuna S. R, Clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Dhatryadi Kwath in the management of Pittaja Mutrakruchhra in Children, Aayushi International Interdisciplanery Research Journal. 2020; April, Issue 4, Vol-7.


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