A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana of Sushruta for its Stanyashodhana Property

Shefali Rana; Navneet Sharma; Chandni Gupta

doi:10.21760/jaims.9.7.30

E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Stanyashodhana

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 7 JULY

Publisher

www.maharshicharaka.in

A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana of Sushruta for its Stanyashodhana Property

Rana S^1*, Sharma N², Gupta C³

DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.7.30

^1* Shefali Rana, Assistant Professor, Dept of Dravyaguna Vigyana, Babe Ke Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital Vpo Daudhar, Moga, Punjab, India.

² Navneet Sharma, Professor, Dept of Dravyaguna Vigyana, Rajiv Gandhi Government Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Himachal Pradesh, India.

³ Chandni Gupta, Assistant Professor, Dept of Dravyaguna Vigyana, Rajiv Gandhi Government Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Stanya is a major source of nourishment for infants up to the age of one year, according to Ayurvedic texts. Stanya has all the required nutrients for a baby's growth and development. As a result, Stanyapana (breastfeeding) is needed from the beginning of a newborn's life. Stanya is beneficial not only for the baby's growth and development but also to the immune system, which aids in the battle against various ailments. However, if vitiated by Doshas, it can be the underlying cause of a variety of illnesses in both the mother and the child. So, the vitiated Stanya must be managed. In ‘Dravyasmgrahaniya Adhyaya’ of Sutrasthana, Acharya Sushruta discussed 37 Ganas. Drugs in these Ganas are gathered so that they almost have common pharmacodynamic properties and similar pharmacological actions. Out of 37 Ganas, Acharya Sushruta specifically mentioned Stanyashodhana property under three Ganas: Haridradi Gana, Vachadi Gana, and Mustadi Gana.[1] Hence, the purpose of this study is to compile, analyze, and justify the rationale for selecting these Ganas for their Stanyashodhana properties.

Keywords: Stanyashodhana, Stanya, Stanyadushti, Haridradi Gana, Vachadi Gana, Mustadi Gana

Corresponding Author	How to Cite this Article	To Browse
Shefali Rana, Assistant Professor, Dept of Dravyaguna Vigyana, Babe Ke Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital Vpo Daudhar, Moga, Punjab, India. Email:	Rana S, Sharma N, Gupta C, A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana of Sushruta for its Stanyashodhana Property. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(7):199-206. Available From https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3368

Manuscript Received	Review Round 1	Review Round 2	Review Round 3	Accepted
2024-05-06	2024-05-18	2024-05-28	2024-06-08	2024-06-18
Conflict of Interest	Funding	Ethical Approval	Plagiarism X-checker	Note
None	Nil	Yes	12.23

© 2024by Rana S, Sharma N, Gupta Cand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(7)199

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Shefali R et al. A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana

Introduction

The human race is experiencing a variety of health problems due to the adverse effects of globalization and urbanization. Plant-based medicines have long formed the bedrock of traditional medical systems in many countries. Because of the existence of phytochemical components, plant-based medicines continue to play a significant role in health care today.

They serve a vital role in preventing disease and promoting good health.^[2] According to the World Health Organization, herbal medicines are used by 80% of people globally for basic health care. Around 21,000 plant species have the potential to be utilized as medicinal plants, according to the WHO.

Plant pharmaceuticals are projected to account for up to 25% of total drugs in industrialized nations like the United States, while they account for up to 80% in fast-developing countries like India and China. Herbs, according to ancient experts, are only remedies to a variety of health-related issues and disorders.^[3]

In Classical literature, Stanya is mentioned as an Upadhatu of Rasa Dhatu,^[4] which is beneficial to the physiological and psychological development of newborns as Stanya promotes longevity and nourishment.^[5] This necessitates the need for a high-quality Stanya.

Stanyasodhana Gana is a group of medicinal plants classified as Galacto-purifiers. The name is derived from two words: "Stanya," which means "Breast milk," and "Shodhana," which means "Purify," implying that they enhance the quality of milk by cleansing and detoxifying if breast milk is vitiated.^[6]

These drugs aid in the cleansing and detoxification of a mother's breast milk production, which is the source of a child's growth and wellness. As a result, this will aid in the prevention of probable breast illnesses in the mother as well as milk-borne infections in the newborn.

Aim and Objective

In this literary review, Gana having Stanyashodhana property described in Sushruta Samhita was compiled and reviewed to analyze their role in the purification of Dushita Stanya (impure breast milk).

Materials and Methods

For the literary review, Classical texts as well as recent research papers and review articles were extensively searched to establish their relevance.

Drug Review

While managing the vitiation of Stanya, Classical texts of Ayurveda highlighted various drugs in different classical contexts. Acharya Sushruta mentioned three Gana for its Stanyashodhana property namely - Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana, and Mustadi Gana.

Ganas	No. of drugs
Vachadi Gana	6
Haridradi Gana	5
Mustadi Gana	16
Total 3 Ganas	27

Vachadi Gana

Drugs of Vachadi Gana

SN	Sanskrit Name	Botanical Name	Family	Part used
1.	Vacha	Acorus calamus Linn.	Araceae	Root
2.	Nagarmotha	Cyperus rotundus Linn.	Cyperaceae	Tubers
3.	Ativisha	Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.	Ranunculaceae	Root
4.	Abhaya	Terminalia chebula Retz.	Combretaceae	Fruit (pericarp)
5.	Devadaru	Cedrus deodara Roxb.	Pinaceae	Bark, heartwood, oil, leaves
6.	Nagakeshara	Mesua ferrae Linn.	Calophyllaceae	Stamens, leaves

Properties of Drugs of Vachadi Gana

SN	Sanskrit Name	Rasa	Vipaka	Virya	Guna	Dosha Pradhanta (As per P.V. Sharma)
1.	Vacha	Katu, Tikta	Katu	Ushna	Laghu,Tikshna	Kapha-Vatashamka
2.	Nagarmotha	Tikta, Katu, Kashaya	Katu	Sheeta	Laghu, Ruksha	Kapha-Pittashamka
3.	Ativisha	Katu, Tikta	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha	Kapha- Pittashamka
4.	Abhaya	Pancharsa (except LavanaKashayapradhana)	Madhur	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha	Tridoshashamka
5.	Devadaru	Tikta	Katu	Ushna	Laghu Snighdha	Kapha- Vatashamka
6.	Nagakeshara	Kashaya, Tikta	Katu	Ushna (Ishata)	Laghu Ruksha	Kapha- Pittashamka

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Haridradi Gana

Drugs of Haridradi Gana

SN	Sanskrit Name	Botanical Name	Family	Part used
1.	Haridra	Curcuma longa Linn.	Zingiberaceae	Rhizome
2.	Daru Haridra	Berberis aristata DC.	Berberidaceae	Root, stem, fruit, extract (Rasanjana)
3.	Kalasi / Prsniparni	Uraria picta Desv.	Fabaceae	Root
4.	Indrayava / Kutaja-beeja	Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.	Apocynaceae	Bark, leaves, seeds, flowers
5.	Yashti Madhu	Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.	Fabaceae	Root

Properties of Haridradi Gana

SN	Sanskrit Name	Rasa	Vipaka	Virya	Guna	Dosha Pradhanta (As per P.V. Sharma)
1.	Haridra	Tikta, Katu	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha	Kapha- Vatashamka
2.	Daru Haridra	Tikta, Kashaya	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha	Kapha – Pittashamka
3.	Kalasi/ Prsniparni	Tikta, Kashaya	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Snighdha	Tridoshashamka
4.	Indrayava/ Kutaja-beeja	Tikta, Kashaya	Katu	Sheeta	Laghu, Ruksha	Tridoshashamka
5.	Yashti Madhu	Madhura	Madhura	Sheeta	Guru, Snigdha	Vata –Pittashamka

Mustadi Gana

Drugs of Mustadi Gana

SN	Sanskrit Name	Botanical Name	Family	Part used
1.	Musta	Cyperus rotundus Linn.	Cyperaceae	Tubers
2.	Haridra	Curcuma longa Linn.	Zingiberaceae	Rhizome
3.	Daru Haridra	Berberis aristata DC.	Berberidaceae	Root, stem, fruit, extract (Rasanjana)
4.	Haritaki	Terminalia chebula Retz.	Combretaceae	Fruit (pericarp)
5.	Amalaki	Emblica officinalis Gaertn.	Euphorbiaceae	Fruit (pericarp)
6.	Bibhitaki	Terminalia bellirica Roxb.	Combretaceae	Fruit (pericarp)
7.	Kushtha	Saussurea lappa C.B.Clarke	Asteraceae	Root
8.	Haimavati	Iris germanica Linn.	Iridaceae	Root
9.	Vacha	Acorus calamus Linn.	Araceae	Root
10.	Patha	Cissempelos pareira Linn.	Menispermaceae	Root
11.	Katurohini	Picrorhiza kurroa Royle.	Scrophulariaceae	Root
12.	Sharngashta	Dregia volubilis Benth.	Asclepiadaceae	Root
13.	Ativisha	Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.	Ranunculaceae	Root
14.	Dravidi	Elettaria cardamomum Maton.	Zingiberaceae	Seed
15.	Bhallataka	Semecarpus anacardium Linn.	Anacardiaceae	Fruit
16.	Citraka	Plumbago zeylanica Linn.	Plumbaginaceae	Root

Properties of Mustadi Gana

SN	Sanskrit Name	Rasa	Vipaka	Virya	Guna	Dosha Pradhanta (As per P.V. Sharma)
1.	Musta	Tikta, Katu, Kashaya	Katu	Sheeta	Laghu, Ruksha	Kapha –Pittashamka
2.	Haridra	Tikta, Katu	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha	Kapha- Vatashamka
3.	Daru Haridra	Tikta, Kashaya	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha	Kapha –Pittashamka
4.	Haritaki	Pancharasa (Except Lavana, Kashaya Pradhana)	Madhura	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha	Tridoshashamka
5.	Amalaki	Pancharasa (Except Lavana, Amla Pradhana)	Madhura	Sheeta	Guru, Ruksha, Sheeta	Tridosha shamka
6.	Bibhitaki	Kashaya	Madhura	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha	Tridoshashamka
7.	Kushtha	Tikta, Katu, Madhura	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna	Kapha- Vatashamka
8.	Haimavati	Katu, Tikta	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Tikshna	Kapha- Vatashamka
9.	Vacha	Katu, Tikta	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Tikshna	Kapha- Vatashamka
10	Patha	Tikta	Katu	Sheeta	Laghu, Tikshna	Kapha –Pittashamka
11	Katurohini	Tikta	Katu	Sheeta	Laghu, Ruksha	Kapha –Pittashamka
12	Sharngashta	Tikta, Kashaya	Katu	Ushna	Guru, Ruksha	Tridoshashamka
13	Ativisha	Katu, Tikta	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha	Kapha- Pittashamka
14	Dravidi	Katu, Madhura	Madhura	Sheeta	Laghu, Ruksha	Kapha- Vatashamka
15	Bhallataka	Katu, Tikta, Kashaya	Madhura	Ushna	Laghu, Snigadha, Tikshana	Kapha- Vatashamka
16	Citraka	Katu	Katu	Ushna	Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshana	Kapha- Vatashamka

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Mustadi Gana
Note - In , Sharngeshta is a controversial drug which is considered as a variety of Murva (Marsdenia tenacissima W & A.) due to their similar properties.^[7]
Reported pharmacological activities of Drugs in Stanyashodhana Gana as per Modern research paper

SN	Pharmacological activities	Drugs
1.	Anti-Microbial	Acorus calamus L.,[8] Aconitum heterophyllum Wall,[9] Cedrus Deodara Roxb.[10] Curcuma longa.[11] Berberis aristata DC,[12] Uraria picta Desv.[13] Dregia volubilis Benth.[14] Picrorhiza kurroa Royle,[15] Plumbago zeylanica Linn[16]
2.	Antioxidant	Acorus calamus L.,[17] Cyperus rotundus Linn,[18] Terminalia chebula Retz,[19] Mesua ferrea L.[20] Emblica officinalis Gaertn,[21] Terminalia bellirica Roxb.[22] Saussurea lappa C.B,[23] Dregia volubilis Benth[14] Cissampelos pareira Linn,[24] Plumbago zeylanica Linn[16]
3.	Immunomodulator	Terminalia chebula Retz,[25] Mesua ferrea L.[20] Glycyrrhiza glabra L.[25] Emblica officinalis Gaertn,[21] Cissampelos pareira Linn.[24] Elettaria cardamomum Maton.[27]
4.	Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic	Acorus calamus L.,[28] Cyperus rotundus Linn,[29] Aconitum heterophyllum Wall,[30] Cedrus Deodara Roxb.[31] Curcuma longa L.[32] Uraria picta Desv,[33] Holarrhena antidysentrica Wall.[34] Emblica officinalis Gaertn,[35] Saussurea lappa C.B,[36] Iris germanica L.[37] Cissampelos pareira Linn,[38] Semecarpus anacardium Linn,[39] Plumbago zeylanica Linn.[40]

Observation

Detail assessment of all three Ganas based on the Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka to justify its Stanyashodhana property

Rasa: Distribution of 61 Rasa components of 27 Drugs used for Stanyashodhana property.

SN	Rasa	No. of drugs	Percentage %
1.	Tikta	23	37.7
2.	Katu	16	26.2
3.	Kashaya	13	21.3
4.	Madhura	6	9.8
5.	Amla	3	4.9

Vipaka: Distribution of 27 components of Vipaka of 27 Drugs used for Stanyashodhana property.

SN	Vipaka	No. of drugs	Percentage %
1.	Katu	20	74.1
2.	Madhura	7	25.9

Virya: Distribution of 27 components of Virya of 27 Drugs used for Stanyashodhana property.

SN	Virya	No. of drugs	Percentage %
1.	Ushna	19	70.3
2.	Sheeta	8	29.6

Guna: Distribution of 58 components of Guna of 27 Drugs used for Stanyashodhana property.

SN	Guna	No. of drugs	Percentage %
1.	Laghu	24	41.4
2.	Ruksha	19	32.7
3.	Tikshna	7	12.2
4.	Snighdha	4	6.8
5.	Guru	3	5.2
6.	Sheeta	1	1.7

Result

As per above mentioned data (Table), all drugs with in mentioned Ganahave Pradhanata of Tikta Rasa, along with Laghu - Ruksha Guna, Ushna Virya, and Katu Vipaka.^[41] All these properties are opposite to the properties of three Dosha as Ushna Virya may oppose Vata Dosha, Tikta Rasa may oppose Pitta Dosha whereas Laghu-Ruksha Guna and Katu Vipaka may oppose Kapha Dosha.

Discussion

As per the Ayurvedic view

Stress and poor eating habits of the mother impact the quality and potency of breast milk, aggravating Doshas (Mainly Kapha Dosha). The aggravated Doshas are then incorporated into the Rasa Dhatu, further vitiating Stanya, which is Rasa Dhatu's Upadhatu. A Stanya will be called Dushita (Impure) if it has aberrant color, smell, taste, or touch, as well as other abnormal Gunas. This Stanya is incapable of providing nutrition and good health to infant. This condition is known as Stanya Dushti.^[42] As a result, we require drugs that can cleanse impurity and enhance the quality of Stanya (breastmilk). On analyzing result, it is clear that there is Pradhanata of Tikta Rasa, Laghu - Ruksha Guna, Ushna Virya, and Katu Vipaka. As Tikta Rasa has Akash Mahabhuta Pradhanta, which might be responsible for providing space (or passage) for obstructed channels (Strotoavrodha).

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Whereas the presence of Laghu and Ruksha Gunas, Katu Vipaka, and Ushna Viryas, aid in the Samyak Pachana (Absorption) of Dosha mainly Kapha Dosha, which may be one of the causes of Strotoavrodha. This explains that these pharmacodynamics properties have two main pharmacological actions, one is Strotosudhi and the second is Samayka Panchna of Dosha, which will clean the blocked channels and bring back the Dosha to their normal state, resulting in the restoration of the vitiated Rasadhatu and thus in the management of Stanyadushti. Other than the Stanyashodhana property, Acharya Sushruta also gives other concrete indications for all these three Ganas. Vachadi and Haridradi Gana should be used in the case of Amatisara (A condition in which Ama Dosaha has developed excessively in the body), as these drugs especially act as Amapachaka. Whereas in the case of Shleshma Vridhi and Yonidosha, the Mustadi Gana should be chosen since the drugs in this Gana have mainly Kapha-Dosha-Hara properties, which also aid in the management of Yonidosha.

As per Modern science view

According to recent research studies, these drugs also possess Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Immunomodulator, Anti-inflammatory, and Analgesic effects. Antimicrobial activity helps to manage breast-related diseases like mastitis, and breast abscess in the mother and lowers the incidence of developing various infections in infants. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects will protect the mother from inflammatory damage and subside the pain if occur. The antioxidant effect reduces oxidative damage at the cellular level. Whereas the Immunomodulatory effect boosts maternal immunity.

Conclusion

Breast milk is regarded as an important source of energy for the health and development of infants. Any kind of impurity leads to Stanyadushti. Consumption of Dushita Stanya causes poor growth and development, as well as a weakened immune system. As a result, the fundamental cause must be addressed. The overall goal of this study is to give a mutual understanding of the Vachadi, Haridradi, and Mustadi Ganas' Stanyashondhana property. As all 27 drugs within mentioned 3 Ganahaving Pradhanata of Tikta Rasa,

along with Laghu - Ruksha guna, Ushna Virya, and Katu Vipaka help to cleanse channels and Pachana of Dosha lead to Stanyashuddhi. These drugs also possess Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Immunomodulator, Anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects which have a significant role in enhancing quality of breast milk and reducing its impurities. This collective knowledge of drugs will not only assist physicians in selecting appropriate drugs, either alone or in combination, to enhance qualities of Stanya but will also motivate researchers to conduct further studies to identify their mechanism of action and efficacy in Stanya Dushti.

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J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(7)205

Review Article

Stanyashodhana

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana of Sushruta for its Stanyashodhana Property

Rana S1*, Sharma N2, Gupta C3

Introduction

Aim and Objective

Materials and Methods

Drug Review

Observation

Result

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Rana S^1*, Sharma N², Gupta C³