E-ISSN:2456-3110

Research Article

Suta Bhasma Yoga

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 7 JULY
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Pharmaceutical and Analytical Evaluation of Suta Bhasma Yoga w.s.r. to its Antiepileptic Activity

Ganiger VF1*, Joshi BB2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.7.12

1* Vishalaxi F Ganiger, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Pg Studies in Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Hubli, Karnataka, India.

2 B B Joshi, Professor and HOD, Department of Pg Studies in Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Hubli, Karnataka, India.

Introduction: Rasayogas are frequently divided on the basis of Samskaras given to them has led to the evolution of Kharaleeya, Parpati, Pottali and Kupipakwa Rasayana Yogas. Sutabhasmayoga is a unique herbomineral compound indicated in Apasmar. Age matched young albino rats weighing about 200-250 g were employed in the present study. Rats were fed on standard diet and water. The experimental protocol used in the present study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee. They were acclimatized in institutional animal house and were exposed to normal cycles of day and night. The Anti-Epileptic activity is evaluated in convulsions induced by MES Method protocol.

Aims and Objectives: Pharmaceutical and Analytical Evaluation of Suta Bhasma Yoga w.s.r. to its Antiepileptic Activity.

Materials and Methods: Preparation of Sutabhasma Yoga was done as per classics. Parada Shodhana was done acc to Rasa Tarangini,Gandhaka Shodhana was done acc to Rasatarangini. Then preparation of Suta Bhasma Yoga was done as per the reference in Rasendra Sara Sangraha. Prepared Suta Bhasma Yoga was subjected to various Analytical tests. Its Anti-Epileptic evaluation was done by the convulsions induced by MES method in albino rats.

Results: Suta Bhasma Yoga has pH 8, Total ash 0.79%, Acid soluble ash 0.00%, Loss on drying less than 1% and SEM EDX. In Experimental Study Trial group shown highly significant Anti-epileptic activity against Control and Standard group result with p < 0.05.

Conclusion: Suta Bhasma Yoga can be prepared easily. Its composition and properties make it potent Anti-Epileptic drug.

Keywords: Apasmar, Convulsions, Kupipakwa Rasayana, MES method, Suta Bhasma Yoga

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Vishalaxi F Ganiger, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Pg Studies in Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Ganiger VF, Joshi BB, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Evaluation of Suta Bhasma Yoga w.s.r. to its Antiepileptic Activity. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(7):93-99.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3562

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-05-12 2024-05-18 2024-06-01 2024-06-13 2024-06-23
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None Nil Yes 13.99

© 2024by Ganiger VF, Joshi BBand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

Suta Bhasma Yoga, is a unique mode of preparation which comes under Kupipakwa Rasayana, it includes chiefly the Rasasindoor, and associated drugs Shankhapushpi, Bhrahmi, Vacha, Kushta, Ela. Rasasindoor is prepared by using Samaguna Balijarita Parada, and the Kashaya is prepared by above mentioned drug both are mixed, and indicated in Apasmara. They are possessing Balya, Brumhaniya, Medhya, Rasayanaproperty and Apasmara is treated with Medhya, Balya, Rasaynas.[1]

Apasmara is a condition where Asthirata of body, Chitta Nasha, Dhee, Dhruti, Smrutinasha, Akshepaka Laxanas exists due to vitiation of Vatadi Doshas and upward moment of these vitiated Doshas causes Vikruti of Manovaha Srotas which leads to Apasmar.[2] Epilepsy is a neuropsychological disorder. It is the consequence of a paroxysmal uncontrolled discharge of neuron within the central nervous system. Epilepsy is a collection of diverse disorders that together affect approximately 1% of the general population. Around 75-80% of epileptic patients may be provided with adequate seizure control with the help of conventional antiepileptic drugs.[3]

In modern medical science Phenytoin, Sodium Valproate, Clonazepam, Gabapentin etc. Are the often-used drugs in the management of epilepsy which cause mental suppressions i.e., they suppress the brain activity and causes many adverse effects like difficulty in breathing, many severe skin diseases, Osteomylesia, Gum disease swelling of face, eyes, lips, tongue, allergic reaction &may reduce immunity.[4]

Various formulations have been explained in our classics to treat the Apasmar those are Bhrahmi Ghruta, Smrutisagar Rasa, Vatakulantaka Rasa, Tantupashana, Chaturbaddha Rasa, Shatavari, Mandukaparni, Bhutabhairava Rasa. On going through many Ayurveda classics, Suta Bhasma Yoga is found to be explained in Rasendra Sara Sangraha & Bruhat Bhaishajya Ratnavali found to be a most Novel Herbo Mineral Product explained to treat all types of Apasmar. In present research work we have selected Suta Bhasma Yoga as our test drug on virtue of its vital importance in therapeutic as well as in pharmaceutical preparation.

Keeping therapeutic indication mentioned in our classics one may conclude that Suta Bhasma Yoga is effective in neuro muscular disorders so we had decided to conduct an experimental study to find out the effect of Suta Bhasma Yoga in epilepsy (nervous system) on suitable models.

Materials and Methods

Drugs and Chemicals:

Suta Bhasmayoga, Inj Phenytoin were used in this study

Physico -Chemical Analysis:

Table 1: Organoleptic Character of Suta Bhasma Yoga[5]

SNParameterSuta Bhasma Yoga
1.ColourBrownish colour
2.OdourOdourless
3.TouchSmooth
4.AppearanceFine powder

Table 2: Physico-chemical analysis of Suta Bhasma Yoga[6]

SNParameterSuta Bhasma Yoga
1.Ph8.00
2.Ash value0.79%
3.Acid insoluble ash0.00%
4.Water soluble testSoluble
5.Chloroform soluble testInsoluble
6.Alcohol soluble testSoluble
7.Ether soluble testSoluble
8.Loss on dryingLess than 1%

Table 3: Showing Inorganic element Analysis Suta Bhasma Yoga[7]

SNInorganic ElementPresence
1.CalciumAbsent
2.MagnesiumAbsent
3.SodiumPresent
4.PotassiumAbsent
5.IronPresent
6.SulphatePresent
7.PhosphateAbsent
8.ChloridePresent
9.CarbonateAbsent
10.NitrateAbsent

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SEM /EDAX:[8]

Table 4: Showing the result of EDX analysis of Suta Bhasma Yoga.

ElementWeight %Atomic %
CK2.2923.49
O K2.3418.07
As L0.060.09
Hg M67.1041.30
TI K28.2217.05
Total100

Result:

SEM/EDX spectra shows the presence of Carbon, Oxygen, Arsenic, Mercury, Thalium in all the spectras. Mercury has found to be closely associated with Thalium very the quantity of mercury is around 65 weights % on an average and Thalium around 26 weight %, oxygen is found to be around 2.5 weight % in negligible point. Arsenic, Silica, Calcium are the other elements with minimum places & negligible weight %.

The atomic no. of mercury is 80, & atomic no. of Thalium is 81 in the Periodic Table. The presence of Thalium in the Mercury difficult to be traced out. The peak of Thalium is repeatedly seen along with Mercury which may suggest that Thalium could be the inclusion from the source of Parada which is easily amalgamated in Mercury could have been used as adulterant. The source of inclusion of Thalium could not be traced.

Zeta Potential[9]:

Table 6: Showing the result of zeta potential

Peak noZeta potentialElectrophoretic mobility
1-48.2 mV-0.000373 CM2/vS
2-mV-CM2/Vs
3-mV-CM2/vS

Zeta potential (mean): -48.2 mV

Electrophoretic mobility: -0.000373 CM2/vS

Particle Size Assessment:

Z : Average: 244.4 nm

PI: 0.384

Determination of Mercury/Sulphur:

Mercury: 1.72%

Sulphur: 0.44%

TLC (Thin layer chromatography):[10]

Results:

Description macroscopy

Part: Churna

Colour: Brownish

Odour: Aromatic

Extract: Alcohol extract

Mobile phase: Tolune: Ethyle acetate:7:3

Rf values: Long wave length: 0.05, 0.1, 0.28, 0.35, 0.41, 0.49, 0.52, 0.60, 0.65

Short wave length: 0.30, 0.41, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.58, 0.65

HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography)[11]:

Results:

Max Rf value of 0.30 of Convolvine Aalkoloid of Shankapushpi

Max Rf value of 0.6 are bacoside A, bacoside of Brahmi

Max Rf value of 0.26,0. 19, 0.60, 0.6I, mystric acid, L-serine of Vacha and in TLC long wave 0.35 is identified to be of the same component.

Max Rf value of 0.30 Alanolactone of Kushta.

Max Rf value of 0.91 and 0.51 as β-terpeneols of Ela were found in HPTLC & TLC hence all the ingredients of Medhya Kashaya were identified hence it is genuine one.

Experimental Result[12]:

Table 7: Showing the results of anti-epileptic activity in Control Group[11]

GroupSNFlexionIn secExtensionIn secClonusIn secStuporIn secRecovery / deathIn sec
ControlH1101212110Recovered
N28106121Recovered
B36128140Recovered
T41079186Recovered
RL5620790Recovered
LL678486Recovered

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Suta Bhasma Yoga is subjected to Anti-epileptic activity in Wister albino rats compared with Control Group Standard Group.

Group 1: Control Group, Normal Saline.

Group 2: Standard Group, Inj. Phenytoin.

Group 3: Test Group, Suta Bhasma Yoga.

Table 8: Showing the results of anti-epileptic activity of test drug[13]

GroupSNFlexionIn secExtensionIn secClonusIn secStuporIn secRecovery / deathIn sec
Test
Group		H1699120Recovered
N271213118Recovered
B361430Recovered
T450298Recovered
RL5400134Recovered
LL66142126Recovered

Table 9: Showing the result of Anti -epileptic activity[14]

ParametersControlStandardTreatedOne-way AnnovaLevel of significance
Mean S.EMean S.EMean S.Ed.f. F valueP value
Tonic hind limb flexion7.833
+/- 0.168		4.833
+/- 0.083		5.666
+/- 0.088		2, 15
137.36		<0.05
Tonic hind limb extension11.50
+/- 0.137		5.166
+/-0.085		8.166
+/-0.112		2, 15
327.5		<0.05
Clonus7.666
+/- 0.172		3.666
+/- 0.072		4.833
+/- 0.046		2, 15
210.87		<0.05
Stupor122.16
+/- 0.958		87.166
+/- 0.571		99.33
+/- 0.411		2, 15
658.41		<0.05
Recovery/ DeathR=6
D=0		R=6
D=0		R=6
D=0

As the readings indicates when One Way Annova variance test applied. Each group shows significance at p<0.05. The differences in the mean value among the treated groups are the differences are greater than that of the table F value at 95% of level of significance statistically. (P<0.05%).

By the above findings null hypothesis rejected and alternate hypothesis is accepted. Before the study the null hypothesis presumed was

H0 : The drug is not effective in epilepsy.

H1 : The drug is effective in epilepsy.

After Annova test were conducted further the readings were subjected Dunnet’s test of multiple comparison and the values of Treated group were compared with Standard and Control group with respect to each parameter and the comparison is as follows

Tonic hind limb Flexion:

Table 10: Showing the Dunnet’s test for Tonic hind limb Flexion.

ComparisonDifference of meansqP value
Treated Vs Standard1.0626.327<0.05
Treated Vs Control-1.6210.060<0.05

Tonic hind limb Extension:

Table 11: Showing the Dunnet’s test for Tonic hind limb Extension.

ComparisonDifference of meansqP value
Treated Vs Standard-8.12253.300<0.05
Treated Vs Control-11.200276.134<0.05

Clonus:

Table 12: Showing the Dunnet’s test for Clonus.

ComparisonDifference of meansqP value
Treated Vs Standard1.0005.841<0.05
Treated Vs Control-2.42214.216<0.05

Stupor:

Table 13: Showing the Dunnet’s test for Stupor.

ComparisonDifference of meansqP value
Treated Vs Standard12.02312.142<0.05
Treated Vs Control-22.42223.216<0.05

In all the above tables the study was significant at the level of p < 0.05 by applying Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests. From the all above calculation it is stated that Suta Bhasma Yoga showed a considerable protection against convulsions.

Discussion

The Apasmra is the cardinal symptoms of the Vyadhi. It is a combination of two words viz. Apa and Smara i.e., impairment in memory or awareness. Even though it is considered most of the times under Manasika Rogas, but it is not a Manasikaroga. Apasmara is one of the diseases, which effects both Shareera and Manas.


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Both Shareerikadoshas i.e., Vata, Pitta and Kapha; as well as Manasikadoshas i.e., Rajas and Tamas plays equal role in the manifestation of the disease Apasmara.

Epilepsy is a neuropsychological disorder. It is the consequence of a paroxysmal uncontrolled discharge of neuron within the central nervous system. Cardinal symptoms are Tonic clonic seizures, Complex partial seizures, Absence seizures, Atonic seizures, Partial motor seizures, Partial sensory seizures, Versive seizures, Partial visual seizures.

Under normal circumstances, recurrent and collateral inhibitory circuits in the cerebral cortex limit synchronous discharge of neighbouring groups of neurons. The inhibitory transmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is particularly important in this role, & drugs that block GABA receptors provoke seizures conversely, excessive stimulation by excitatory neurotransmitters. Suta Bhasmayoga is considered as one of the best remedy for Apasmara in Ayurveda.

Experimental evaluation of Anti-epileptic activity of Sutabhasma Yoga has been carried out on Wister strain albino rats. Maximum electric shock induced convulsions model was selected because of its wide acceptability. Phenytoin was a standard anti-epileptic drug used to compare the anti-epileptic property in experimental rats. For Anti-epileptic study rats were equally divided into 3 groups consisting of six rats each.

Group 1: Control group

Group 2: Standard group (phenytoin)

Group 3: Trial group (Sutabhasma Yoga) 5mg/0.2kg

During the study in control group hind limb bleeding is seen,

In standard group all the limb bleeding as well as the orbital bleeding is observed and in both groups some animals were making some kind of noise during initial period of convulsions. In test group no side effects were seen & also skip of extension phase in some animals noted & clonus phase in some animals were observed.

Data Analysis

Data were analyzed for statistical significance by one-way Annova. The value of F in calculation is greater than that of the table value. Hence Ho i.e., Suta Bhasma Yoga is not effective in epilepsy is rejected, & H1 i.e., Sutabhasmayoga is effective and accepted i.e., the Sutabhasma Yoga will act as a anti-epileptic at P<0.05 was considered as significant.

Conclusion

Classics of Rasashastra have given emphasis on Apasmara Nashaka property of Sutabhasma Yoga. The Suta Bhasma Yoga is given with the Medhya Kashaya according to Rasendra Sara Sangraha text. Suta Bhasma Yoga was Apasmara Nashaka due to its Ushna Veerya property, may pacify the Vatadi Doshas and Rajasa Tamas of Manasika Doshas which reduces the obstruction in Manovaha Srotas.

It’s Balya, Medhya and Rasayana, properties give Sthairya to the Dhatus which diminishes the Akshepaka.Rasasindoor is having Shadrasa, Guru Snigdha Guna, Ushna Veerya, Madhura Vipaka, Rasayana, Balya property along with this it is having the Madhura rasa which pecify the Vata Dosha hence providing in the control over the Vata Dosha.

In the Medhya Kashaya, Shankapushpi is having Tikta Katu, Kashaya Rasa Sara Guna Sheeta Virya having Medhya, Balya and Rasayana property and having convolvine a phytochemical, Brahmi is having Tikta Kashay Madhura Rasa, Madhura Vipaka, Medhya Rasayana Balya and Vata Kaphahara property and having bacoside a phytochemical.

Vacha is categorized under Sanjnashtapaka Gana, Shirovirechaneeya Gana, Lekhaneeya Gana, Sheeta Prashamana Gana having Tikta Katu Rasa, Laghu Teekshna Guna, Katu Vipaka, Tridosha Shamaka having Medhya, Balya, Rasayana property and also having mysteric acid as a phytochemical.

Kustha is having Tikta Madhura Rasa, Ushna Veerya, Katu Vipaka, Lekhaniya Vatakaphahara property and also having a Alanolactone as a phytochemical.


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em>Ela is having Madhura Katu Rasa, Sheeta Virya, Katu Vipaka, Vata Kaphahara property and also having a β-terpeneols a phytochemical. Suta Bhasma is being a very good Yogavahi drug helps in carrying all the properties of Medhya Kashaya to the targeted tissues and there by the efficacy of the drug is fortified.

So, this Tridoshashamaka, Rasayana Medhya Balya property of Suta Bhasma Yoga helped to correct the vitiated Vatadi Dosha and Sanjnashtapana was re-established & thus control over convulsions was achieved as evident by experimental study. Thus, we can conclude that, Suta Bhasma Yoga is a typical synergistic combination, which has anti -epileptic property.

References

1. Rasendra Sara Sangraha by Vaidya Satyarthaprakashah Apasmar Chikitsa Adhyaya page no 488 sloka no 4. Suta bhasma.

2. Charaka Samhita uttarardha chikitsa kalpa siddhisthanatmakah of Agnivesha, Vol2 Elaboratedby Charaka &Drudhabala edited with Charaka Chandrika Hindi commentar by Brahmanand Tripathi Forewarded by Dr.Prabhakar Janardhan Deshapande.

3. Jerome E, Timothy AP. A Comprehensive Textbook. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1997. What is Epilepsy? pp. 1–7.

4. L Sony, Sultan Chand and Son’s, Text book Inorganic Chemistry, 20 th Edn, New Delhi, 1991, 3.244-3.336 pp.

5. B. Gokhale, Dr. C.K. Kokkate, A.P Purohit, A text book of Pharmacognosy, 14h Edition, Nirali Prakashan, 2002, Chapter 1, 58-60pp.

6. B. Gokhale, Dr. C.K. Kokkate, A.P Purohit, A text book of Pharmacognosy, 14h edition, Nirali Prakashan, 2002, 1st Chapter,56pp.

7. B. Gokhale, Dr. C.K. Kokkate, A.P Purohit, A text book of Pharmacognosy, 14h edition, Nirali Prakashan, 2002, 1st Chapter, 56pp SEM/EDEX

8. ZET

9. B. Gokhale, Dr. C.K. Kokkate, A.P Purohit, A text book of Pharmacognosy, 14h Edition, Nirali Prakashan, 2002, 1st Chapter,56pp

10. B. Gokhale, Dr. C.K. Kokkate, A.P Purohit, A text book of Pharmacognosy, 14h edition, Nirali Prakashan, 2002, 1st Chapter, 56pp

11. G. Vogel and W. H. Vogel, “Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays,” 2nd Edition, Springer Ver Lag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2002, p.241.

12. G. Vogel and W. H. Vogel, “Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays,” 2nd Edition, Springer Ver Lag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2002, p.242.

13. G. Vogel and W. H. Vogel, “Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays,” 2nd Edition, Springer Ver Lag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2002, p.243.

14. G. Vogel and W. H. Vogel, “Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays,” 2nd Edition, Springer Ver Lag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2002, p.243.


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