E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Shatkriya Kala

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 9 SEPTEMBER
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Understanding the concept of Sandhigata Vata through Samprapti and Shatkriya Kala

Asiwal K1*, Sharma MM2, Prakash V3, Bishnoi N4
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.9.23

1* Keshav Asiwal, Post Graduate Scholar, PG Department of Rog Nidan Evum Vikriti Vigyan, MMM Govt Ayurved College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

2 Man Mohan Sharma, Professor, PG Department of Rog Nidan Evum Vikriti Vigyan, MMM Govt Ayurved College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

3 Ved Prakash, Lecturer, PG Department of Rog Nidan Evum Vikriti Vigyan, MMM Govt Ayurved College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

4 Neha Bishnoi, Post Graduate Scholar, PG Department of Rog Nidan Evum Vikriti Vigyan, MMM Govt Ayurved College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

The illness known as Sandhigata Vata is prevalent in both industrialised and developing nations. Rarely, the illness results in fatality as well as mild, moderate, or severe morbidity. Problems are becoming more common place these days as a result of dietary and lifestyle changes, as well as social and cultural shifts and travel. Sandhigata Vata is detailed in all Samhitas, according to Ayurveda. Sandhigata Vata is the ailment that Acharya Charak described separately. A major phenomenon in the Samprapti of Sandhigata Vata is the problem of Sandhis, as described by Prakupita Vata. The most prevalent type of joint problem in older and obese people is Sandhigata Vata. It is a primary contributor to morbidity and disability. This condition develops slowly and can lead to deformities and loss of function in joints, particularly weight bearing joints like the knee joint.

Keywords: Vata Vyadhi, Sandhigata Vata, Samprapti

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Keshav Asiwal, Post Graduate Scholar, PG Department of Rog Nidan Evum Vikriti Vigyan, MMM Govt Ayurved College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Email: 		Asiwal K, Sharma MM, Prakash V, Bishnoi N, Understanding the concept of Sandhigata Vata through Samprapti and Shatkriya Kala. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(9):158-161.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3571

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-08-16 2024-08-26 2024-09-06 2024-09-16 2024-09-27
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© 2024by Asiwal K, Sharma MM, Prakash V, Bishnoi Nand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

Ayurveda is not just a medical discipline, but also a life science that promotes health and a better way of life. Vata is conduct of all the functions of central nervous system in the body. It conducts entire body's movement. "Vatavyadhi" is a disease produced by Vata in its vitiated state. Sandhigata Vata is a disease described in Ayurveda under the Vata Vyadhi in all Samhitas and Sangraha Grantha. All Dhatus Kshya in Vriddhavasta, Excessive consumption of Vata Varudhikar Ahara such as Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Rasa Pradhan Dravya, as well as Ativyayama (excessive exercise) or Abhigata (trauma), is thought to be the cause.[1] Thus leading to Vataprakopa and making individual prone to many complication. Sandhigata Vata (osteoarthritis) is such condition it usually start with ageing. Sandhigata Vata is a combination of three words: 'Sandhi', 'Gata', and 'Vata'. Vata is a physiological feature of the body, whereas Sandhi is an anatomical portion. It is a type of Vatavyadhi which limits everyday activities such as walking, dressing, bathing etc. thus making patient disabled / handicapped. It being a Vatavyadhi, located in Marmasthisandhi and its occurrence in old age makes it Kashtasadhya. Vata Dosha plays main role in the disease. Shula Pradhana Vedana is the cardinal feature of the disease.

Samprapti (Pathogenesis) of Sandhigatavata

The way in which the Dosha gets Vitiated and the course it follows for the manifestation of disease is called Samprapti. Proper understanding of Samprapti is vital for the treatment, because Chikitsa is illustrated in the Ayurvedic text is nothing but ″Samprapti Vighatana″.

Samanya Samprapti (General Pathogenesis)

The Doshas vitiated first & cause vitiation of Rasa & other Dhatus together vitiate Malas which in turn vitiates Malayatanas which include two below (urethra & anus), seven in head (eyes, nose, ears & mouth) & the channels of sweat, from the vitiated channels manifests their connected diseases.[2]

Kostha Shakha Gati of Doshas

In physiological as well as pathological conditions, Doshas perform certain patterns in regards to their spread, direction, area of localization, & manifestation.

In the above process, Doshas spread from various Kosthas towards Shakhas. This is called Koshta Shakha Gati of Doshas.[3]

Role of Vata Dosha in disease pathology

The term Koshta is derived from the union of two terms "Kusha" & "Stham". Kusha means an empty space & Stham means wall (Kush Adharadou - Dhanj Kartari Stham). Thus, a hollow space surrounded by some compact tissue may be considered as Kostha.

Even a cell can also be considered as a Kostha, since it fulfills the conditions required. Simply it is sufficient to consider the inner hollow portion as the real Koshta & the outer covering as the Shakha. The disturbance of Shakha and Koshta either structurally or functionally by Doshas leads to the disease pathology. Here the Gati is playing an important role. Shakha Gati of the Doshas suggest an advancement of pathological condition & Koshta Gati indicates recovery from it. Koshta Gati is favoured by the mitigation of Vata Dosha (Vayu Nigraha) & Shakha Gati is exacerbated by the quick movement of Vata (Drutatwat Marutasya Cha). Vata gets located in Sandhi, it hampers the normal function of Sandhi which results in Vedana during Akunchana and Prasarana.

Samprapti Ghataka

  • Nidana - Vata Prakopaka Nidana[4]
  • Dosha - Vata esp. Vyanavayu, Shleshaka Kapha
  • Dushya - Asthi, Majja, Meda
  • Srotas - Asthivaha, Majjavaha and Medovaha
  • Srotodusti - Sanga
  • Agni - Jatharagni, Dhatvagni
  • Dosha Marga - MarmAsthi Sandhi
  • Roga Marga - Madhyam
  • Udbhavasthana - Ama-pakvashaya
  • Vyaktisthana - Asthi-Sandhi.

Disease process according to Shat Kriya Kala

Sanchaya (Stage of Accumulation)

As long as there is no disturbance in the usual condition caused by any Nidana, the Dosha normally remains in an equilibrium stage within its own Ashaya, but it can accumulate excessively within its Ashaya or at its original site.


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Stambha Purna Koshthata may appear at this stage because of Vata Dosha.[5] If a patient is going to develop Sandhigatavata later on, Vata Sanchaya at its Mula Sthana, or Pakvashaya, may cause the Lakshana of Vata Sanchaya mentioned above. Additionally, since Asthi is the seat of Vata, some symptoms of Vata Vriddhi may also be seen in Asthi, such as Asthi Rukshata and Asthi Kharata. This is also because Nidana affects both Dushya and Dosha.

Prakopa (Stage of Vitiation)

The Prakopa stage begins when remedial action is not taken during Sanchaya Avastha and is permitted to proceed. At this point, Doshas that have already accrued strengthen at their own location and have a tendency to grow aroused. Kosthatoda and Kostha Sancharana may appear as a result of Vata's provocation.[6] Similar symptoms like Asthi Kharata and Asthi Rukshata may be observed, depending on severity.

Prasarana (Stage of Spread)

The agitated Doshas move on to the following stage, called Prasara, if the previously upsetting elements are still not addressed by suitable measures. Excited Dosha now spreads to various structures and organs and bodily parts.[7] Asthi Rukshata and Kharata symptoms can manifest with varying degrees of intensity. Khavaigunya in Asthi and Majjavaha Srotas may be caused by Vatavriddhi.

Sthanasamshraya (Stage of Localization)

As a continuation of previous stages and conditions, in this stage the spreading Doshas become localized wherever there is Khavaigunya and it marks the beginning of specific disease pertaining to that structure. This stage represents the Purvarupa phase of disease and the interaction between the Dosha and Dushya takes place.[8] In case of Sandhigatavata, Vitiated Vata gets localized in Khavaigunya which is present in Asthi and Majjavaha Srotas. Means Prakupita Vata get situated in Asthi and Sandhi causing Asthi and Sandhigatavata. Here, Purvarupa of the disease like occasional Sandhishula and Shotha occur.

Vyakti (Stage of Onset)

This stage provides a comprehensive picture of the disease, including Rupa, in all of its manifestations.

Once Asthi and Sandhi receive Sthanasamshraya, Vata absorbs the Sneha from them due to its Ruksha and Khara properties. This results in the onset of Vyakti Avastha, which manifests as symptoms such as Shula, Shotha, and Hanti Sandhigatah among others.

Bheda (Stage of Complication)

Sushruta states that if the sickness or the vitiated Doshas are not properly managed at this point, it may become incurable. There could be serious issues. Complications of the condition include subluxation, joint deformity, loose body in the joint cavity, and loss of joint movement. Hanti Sandhigatah manifests in the advanced stages of the illness. Hanti Sandhigatah indicates that Stambha.

Discussion

Our old writings give a detailed account of it. Vata plays a major role in Sadhigatavata, acting on the Sandhis to create Dosha Dushya Samurchana in Sthana Samshraya and ultimately cause the disease. Sandhi Shoola, Sandhishoth, Prasaranaakunchana Savedana, soreness, and other symptoms are produced by it. Because of their comparable indications and symptoms, osteoarthritism and Sandhigatavata are said to be connected by contemporary science.

Among musculoskeletal illnesses, osteoarthritis is prevalent and a major source of disability. It ranks as the second most prevalent musculoskeletal issue globally, following back pain. Given the absence of specific etiological factors for Sandhigata Vata, the Samanya Nidana of Vata Vyadhi is seen as an etiological factor for Sandhigatavata.

Conclusion

Sandhigata Vata is well explained in Ayurvedic Samhita. The ancient knowledge of Ayurveda will help in diagnosis and management of Sandhigata Vata in present era very well. Ayurveda advocates proper use of diet and regulation of lifestyle from very early life. Ayurvedic measures can prevent OA in primordial and primary stages and progress of the disease to later stage can be stopped. With this knowledge, one should avoid unhealthy Ahara and Vihara and adopt suitable Ahara and Vihara to prevent and to control Sandhigata Vata.


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Sandhigatavata is one of the most specific articular illnesses, making it extremely difficult for the affected individual to do even basic daily tasks. Even though it's typically seen as an illness of the elderly, middle-aged people can also be affected. It mostly affects the knee and other major weight bearing joints in the body. It manifests as Vatapoornadrutisparsha, Shula, Sotha, and trouble extending and flexing the Sandhi, according to Ayurveda.

The Shatkriya kala duration of each stage depends on etiological factors, triggering factors, nature of Doshas, nature of disorder. By this we concluded that whatever may be the disease the early diagnosis will not cause complication,

References

1. Charak samhita of Agnivesha with "Elaborated Vidyotini"- Hindi commentary, Chikitsa Sthana,28/15-18, by Pt. Kasinatha Sastri, 2015, vol-2 Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi -221001, Page. No. -779.
2. Charaka Samhita with Charak Chandrika-hindi commentary, Chikitsa sthana, 28/19 by Dr.Brahmanand Tripathi, 2008, vol-2, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi-221001, pp-938.
3. Madava Nidana of Sri Madhavakara with Madhukosh Commentary, 1/7, De P Himasagara Chandra Murthy, 2006, Part-1, Chaukhamba Krishana Das Academy Varanasi-221001, pp-17.
4. Charaka Samhita, Sutrasthana, 28/32 Brahmanand Tripathi, forword by Dr.Prabhakar Janardan Deshpande, 2008, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi-221001, pp-550.
5. Madava Nidana of Sri Madhavakara with Madhukosh Commentary, 22/21, Dr P. Himasagara Chandra Murthy, 2006, Part-1, Chaukhamba Krishana Das Academy Varanasi-221001, pp-244.
6. Charaka Samhita with ayurved dipika sanskrita commentary, sutra sthana, 18/49, by vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, 2009, Chaukhamba Prakashana, Varanasi-221001, pp-109.
7. Ashtang Hridya, Sutra sthana, 12/7, Kaviraj Atrideva gupta, 2000 Chaukhamba Sanskrit Bhawan sansthan Varanasi-221001. pp-90.
8. Ashtang Sangraha, Sutra Sthana, 19/18 Ravi Dutt Tripathi, 2005 Chaukhamba Sanskrir Pratishthan Delhi-110007. pp-366.


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