E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Khajitha Pinda Taila

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 10 OCTOBER
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Role of Manthana Samskara in the preparation of Khajitha Pinda Taila

Kumar BN A1*, Kotresh BM2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.10.18

1* Ashok Kumar BN, Associate Professor, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda Hospital and Research Center Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

2 Kotresh BM, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda Hospital and Research Center Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India.

The term "Bhaishajya" denotes "drug" or "medicine," whereas "Kalpana" pertains to "preparation." Bhaishajya Kalpana encompasses the application of various medicinal substances and adheres to specific principles outlined in ancient Ayurvedic scriptures. This discipline is divided into two primary principles: Aushadha Nirmana (the Principle of Formulation) and Aushadha Prayoga (the Principle of Therapeutic Application). A thorough understanding of these core concepts is vital for effective research and development in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. Sneha Kalpana is one among those preparations derived from the basic Kalpanas prepared using either Ghritha or Taila. The transformation of properties into the Sneha Dravya is made possible by the use of various Samskaras. Manthana Samskara is believed to help in the proper mixing of two substances and also imbibe Sheeta Guna to the formulation. It is considered to give a homogenous mixture thereby improving the product’s stability to a greater extent. Pinda Taila is one such Yoga mentioned in our classics for the relief of Daha and Shoola developed in Vatarakta after subjecting it to Khajita Samskara/Manthana Samskara.

Keywords: Sneha Kalpana, Manthana Samskara, Khajitha Pinda Taila

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Ashok Kumar BN, Associate Professor, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda Hospital and Research Center Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Kumar BN A, Kotresh BM, Role of Manthana Samskara in the preparation of Khajitha Pinda Taila. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(10):114-118.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/3950

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-09-12 2024-09-23 2024-10-02 2024-10-12 2024-10-23
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© 2024by Kumar BN A, Kotresh BMand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Introduction

Bhaishajya Kalpana is considered as Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics which plays an eminent part in the processing of the raw drugs into formulations for the treatment of numerous ailments. Along with the five basic Kalpanas explained as Pancha Vidha Kashaya Kalpana,[1] we do get the description of certain other Kalpanas derived from the Pancha Vidha Kashaya such as Vati Kalpana, Avaleha Kalpana, Lepa Kalpana, Sneha Kalpana etc. Sneha Kalpana[2] is one among those preparations derived from the basic Kalpanas prepared using either Ghritha or Taila. Among the two bases used, Taila Kalpana is said to be predominantly used externally. The Sneha used in the preparation imbibes the qualities of the drugs used as Kalka Dravya, thereby making the Sneha therapeutically active. This transformation of properties into the Sneha Dravya is made possible by the use of various processing techniques.[3] This specificity in selecting ideal Samskara for Dravyas, played the key factor behind formulating an effective dosage form in classical Ayurvedic texts. One such Samskara explained in our classics is Manthana Samskara (Churning).[4]

Manthana Samskara is adopted in formulations which are predominantly in liquid consistency i.e. either water as base or oil. Manthana Samskara is believed to help in the proper mixing of two substances. It is considered to give a homogenous mixture thereby improving the product’s stability to a greater extent. Also, Manthana Samskara is said to imbibe Sheeta Guna to a formulation as Sheeta Jala is used in the process as seen in Mantha Kalpana by continuous rotation of the instrument placed inside the liquid media. So, to know the impact of Manthana Samskara, a combination of Toya Sannikarsha and Manthana Karma, in providing Sheeta Guna to a formulation, this study was taken up. Pinda Taila is one such Yoga mentioned in our classics for the relief of Daha and Shoola developed in Vatarakta after subjecting it to Khajita Samskara/Manthana Samskara. (i.e. churning).[5]

Aims and Objectives

To provide a detailed description of Manthana samskara with special reference to Khajitha Pinda taila, including its etymology, ingredients & preparation.

Methodology

A detailed review of role of Manthana Samskara in khajitha Pinda Taila preparation is collected from various relevant textbooks, literatures and authorized sources.

Discussion

Review on Samskara

Etymology: The word Samskara has been derived from the root word Sam + Kru Dhatu with Ghanj Pratyaya which means to form well or make perfect.

Importance of Samskara

The scholars in Ayurveda have described various techniques or pharmaceutical procedures which help in the transformation of a drug into desired forms or to make a drug therapeutically stronger by the use of one or more pharmaceutical procedures. These procedures are coined under the terms of Samskara. According to Acharya Charaka’s opinion Samskaras are any procedures which bring about a change in the quality of a drug either physically or chemically. This change or transformation can happen by either completely destructing the present form of a drug or by the addition of certain new properties in the drug. Acharya Charaka has given a detailed explanation about these Samskara in his treatise Charaka Samhita highlighting the characteristic feature or the change that is brought about in a drug or a formulation by the use of each Samskara with examples. The Samskaras explained by Acharya Charaka are enlisted below.[6]

  • Toya Sannikarsha - Soaking of Kathina Dravya like Shali in water makes it Mrudu
  • Agni Sannikarsha - Guru Guna Dravya are transformed to Laghu. Eg Shali after boiling.
  • Toyagni Sannikarsha - Combined action of Toya and Agni can be seen.
  • Shoucha - Removing the physical impurities of a drug.
  • Manthana - Transformation Rasa takes place
  • Kala - The transformation of a fruit from unripe to ripe state.
  • Desha - The drugs from certain geographical regions have better potency. Eg. Chandana from Malaya Parvata.

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  • Vasana - Imparting fragrance to a drug.
  • Bhavana - Helps in improving the absorption capacity of the drug.
  • Kala Prakarsha - Placing a drug in a particular vessel or place to transform its properties.
  • Bhajana - Particular vessels are considered to improve the Gunas of a drug when they are stored in them.

Review on Manthana Samskara:

Etymology

The word Manthana is derived from Mantha Dhatu + Lyut Pratyaya which means “Manthanam Vilodanam” i.e., to Churn or Mix.[7]

The Manthana Samskara is done by churning a liquid in a narrow-mouthed vessel using a Churner. Manthana Samskara was extensively used in the olden days for the preparation of Butter from Butter milk wherein the butter milk was taken in a narrow-mouthed mud pot and a churner was attached to it. When the churner was moved continuously/ rotated in both the directions, the liquid inside the pot gets agitated due to which, the fat content of butter milk starts to float over the surface of it.

This was due the lightness of the fat content as compared to the buttermilk. In the similar way, the process of agitation was introduced in Ayurveda in Mantha Kalpana. Here, the ingredients are made into a fine paste and are added with sufficient quantity of water and churning is done using a hand churner until the mixture attains a consistency which is neither too thick nor too thin.

Although Manthana Samskara itself is considered as independent Samskara, it includes two Samskara in itself i.e. Toya Sannikarsha and Manthana Karma.[8]

Toya Sannikarsha: Toya is the synonym of Jala. This Samskara allows the proper interaction of the medicament with the water. The Jala Mahabhuta in general is believed to possess Sheeta Guna and hence it helps in imbibing the same Sheeta Guna to the Drug as well.

Manthana Karma: Manthana, as already explained, is the process of continuous rotation or agitation of Mathani or the churner into the liquid until the liquid changes its consistency to neither too thick nor too thin.

It mainly involves the continuous agitation of the liquid with the churner which disturbs the surface tension of the liquid and helps in proper mixing of the contents. As the procedure is done by using Sheeta Jala, the Sheeta Guna of Jala may also be imparted into the liquid media present in the mud pot.

Pharmaceutical Review of Pinda Taila and Khajita Pinda Taila

The role of pharmaceutical aspect of a medicine is known when the different aspect of a single formulation explained by different classical books is studied thoroughly. To understand the same, the similarities and the differences in the pharmaceutical aspect of Pinda Taila and Khajita Pinda Taila were studied by looking into different classical texts which have a mention about these two formulations. The distinctiveness and the resemblance along with the method of preparation in both the formulations according to different authors have been dealt below.

  • Charaka Samhita:[9] The ingredients (Kalka Dravya) mentioned for Pinda Taila are Madhuchishta, Manjishta, Sarjarasa and Sariva; along with Tila Taila as the Sneha Dravya and Jala as the Drava Dravya. Although the method of preparation has not been mentioned elaborately by the Acharya, it is inferred to follow the general method of preparation of Sneha Kalpana. Also, Acharya Jatukarna explains about the preparation of Khajita Pinda Taila in the commentary of Pinda Taila as to add ample quantity of water to the initially prepared Pinda Taila and subject it to Manthana Samskara until the oil turns into buttery consistency.
  • Sushrutha Samhita:[10] Acharya Sushrutha explains the ingredients of Pinda Taila same as that of Acharya Charaka. The only difference that can be traced is that Acharya Sushrutha opines the use of Ksheera as the Drava Dravya instead of Jala.
  • Ashtanga Hridaya:[11] Acharya Vagbhata’s opinion about the ingredients of Pinda Taila is similar to that of Acharya Charaka. The author’s opinion differs in the method of preparation of Pinda Tailae. Acharya Vagbhata explains to initially prepare Taila Paka with just Sarjarasa as the Kalka Dravya and Aranala as the Drava Dravya.

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  • Later, to this prepared and filtered oil if the fine powders of Manjishta and Sariva and small pieces of Madhuchishta are added, then it is called as Pinda Taila.

Acharya Vagbhata also mentions about the preparation of Khajita Pinda Taila wherein the procedure is similar to that of Charaka Samhita. Acharya Vagbhata also does not specify the exact quantity or the ratio of water to be taken to prepare Khajita Pinda Taila.

  • Sharangadhara Samhita:[12] According to Acharya Sharangadhara’s opinion, along with the four ingredients mentioned in Charaka Samhita, the author makes an addition of Yashtimadhu as the fifth ingredient. The method of preparation is told to be the general Sneha Paka The author also opines the use of Eranda Taila instead of Tila Taila as base for the preparation of Pinda Taila.
  • Yogaratnakara,[13] Sahasrayogam,[14] Bhaishajya Ratnavali:[15] The method of preparation followed for Pinda Taila in the above-mentioned treatise is similar to that of Charaka Samhita.
  • Bhavaprakasha Nighantu,[16] Gada Nigraha:[17] The authors of both the books, Acharya Bhavamishra and Acharya Shodhala have the same opinion on the ingredients of Pinda Taila. They add Yashtimadhu as the fifth ingredient along with Sariva, Manjishta, Madhuchishta and Sarjarasa. Acharyas have also mentioned the use of Ksheera as the Drava Dravya and Eranda Taila as Sneha Dravya for the preparation of Pinda Taila. We do not get any reference regarding Khajita Pinda Taila in both the treatise as well.

Conclusion

Sneha Kalpana and its therapeutic utility are widely explained and documented in the classical text books of Ayurveda.

The references of Pinda Taila were traced in 9 authentic books like Charaka Samhita, Sushrutha Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Sharangadhara Samhita, Yogaratnakara, Sahasrayogam, Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu and Gada Nigraha whereas references for Khajita Pinda Taila were traced only in Charaka Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya.

Manthana Samskara was observed to imbibe Sheeta Guna in Khajita Pinda Taila which was very much essentially required in reducing symptoms like Daha. The same was substantiated by its effectiveness in subsiding Daha predominantly.

References

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