E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Trishna Roga

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 11 NOVEMBER
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

The Link between Udakavaha Srotas and Trishna Roga: A Comprehensive Study

Deeksha K1*, MB Gaur2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.11.35

1* Kumari Deeksha, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kriya Sharir, Ch Brahm Prakash Ayurveda Charaka Sansthan, New Delhi, India.

2 MB Gaur, Director Principal Professor HOD, PG Department of Kriya Sharir, Ch Brahm Prakash Ayurveda Charaka Sansthan, New Delhi, India.

According to Ayurveda, "Srotas" are passageways that help materials move throughout the body. These passageways are necessary for carrying nutrients, waste products, and other key components that keep physiological functions functioning Udakavaha Srotas specifically manages water transportation and regulation, playing a crucial role in hydration and fluid balance. These channels, rooted in the Talu (hard palate) and Kloma (possibly the right lung), can dysfunction due to dietary, emotional, and lifestyle factors, leading to symptoms like mouth dryness and persistent thirst. This dysfunction is linked to the imbalance of Vata and Pitta Doshas. Trishna Roga, characterized by excessive thirst, is closely associated with Udakavaha Srotas vitiation. The severity of Trishna Roga correlates with the extent of disruption in these water-carrying channels. Understanding Udakavaha Srotas is vital for comprehending the pathogenesis and treatment of Trishna Roga, highlighting the importance of maintaining these channels for overall health and wellness in Ayurvedic practice.

Keywords: Srotas, Udakavaha Srotas, Trishna Roga

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Kumari Deeksha, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kriya Sharir, Ch Brahm Prakash Ayurveda Charaka Sansthan, New Delhi, , India.
Email: 		Deeksha K, MB Gaur, The Link between Udakavaha Srotas and Trishna Roga: A Comprehensive Study. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(11):255-262.
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2024-10-12 2024-10-22 2024-11-02 2024-11-12 2024-11-25
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© 2024by Deeksha K, MB Gaurand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Kumari D et al. The Link between Udakavaha Srotas and Trishna Roga

Introduction

The three types of substance that make up the human body are called Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala.[1]

All of these entities are found in the body, but to get the materials from the production site to the action site, some kind of transport mechanism is still required. The name 'Srotas' refers specifically to a channel that facilitates the movement of chemicals from one portion of the body to another.[2]

Srotas are the canals that are distinct from Sira and Dhamani. These are the structural and functional components of the body. According to Although Sushrut and Charak discuss the many roles of Srotas for explanation and understanding, Charaka Acharya ‘Srotomayamayampurusha’ states that they have seen the body in the form of Srotas.

The human body is made up by countless and varied Srotas. Sushrut provides eleven Srotas, whilst Charak provides thirteen. Srotas give comprehensive explanations of all the exchange, transit, and excretion processes that take place in the human body, both macro and micro.

The two Moola Sthanas in each Srota are responsible for producing the elements that flow through the Srotas. Since the two entities are fashioned after physical organs, Srotomoola is referred to by Chakradatta as the source or evolution of Srotas. Like the root of a tree, Srotomoola is the most crucial part of the Srotas. The origin of the Srotas' disease and its symptoms first afflict the Moolasthanas of each Srota.

An Ayurvedic practitioner must be aware of the Srotas in order to treat a patient holistically. Internal or external causes that obstruct or malfunction the Srotas cause a collection of products, primarily poisonous ones, which alter flow and eventually cause organic changes.

Aim and Objectives

Aim - To study and understand the physiological and pathological aspects of Udakavaha Srotas in Ayurveda, its role in maintaining water balance, and its association with Trishna Roga, with a focus on integrating classical Ayurvedic concepts with modern physiological insights for a holistic approach to diagnosis and management.

Objectives

  • Srotas To explore the concept of , particularly Udakavaha Srotas, as described in classical Ayurvedic
  • To analyze the causes (Nidana) and symptoms (Lakshana) of Udakavaha Srotas Dushti in relation to Trishna Roga.
  • To compare and correlate Ayurvedic explanations of thirst and water balance with modern scientific understanding.
  • To identify and evaluate traditional Ayurvedic treatment strategies for managing Udakavaha Srotas Dushti and Trishna Roga.
  • To propose an integrative approach combining Ayurveda and contemporary physiology for managing water balance disorders.

Materials and Methods

The study was conceptually organized utilizing literary analysis of both contemporary and classical sources. The concepts in the title were assembled from contemporary textbooks, Ayurvedic literature, a variety of scientific periodicals, the internet, and analysis.

These sources have also led to the suggestion of new insights. Following a comparison analysis, the key findings of the study were concluded using a logical approach.

Srotas

The word "Srotas" originates from the Sanskrit root "Sru," which means "to secrete, to permit, or to flow." This allows substance to pass through it and is referred to as Srotas.[3] Srotas are the pathways that transport Dhatu, tissue components, or their changing constituents to their intended location.[4]

Utpatti, Synonym and Akriti of Srotas

Ushma and Vayu are responsible factors for Srotas formation in Gharbhaawstha.[5] Srotas has dominance of Akash Mhabhuta. Dalhanacharya told the Nirukti of Srotas as ‘Khani Srotams’.[6] “Kha” also synonyms of Akash Mhabhuta. Here we can say that according to Acharya, Srotas are the Akash Mahabhta Pradhana hallow structures through which the process of secretion (Srawan) and circulation (Sanchariti) and transformation of Dosha, Dhatu, Mala carried out.


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Synonyms

With the exception of Sira and Dhamni, Acharya Sushruta stated that Srotas are hollow structures.

Acharya Charak has proposed the following synonyms for Srotas:

Srotamsi, Sira, Dhamani, Nadi, Rasayani, Rasavahini, Marga, Panth, Shariracchidra, Sthana, Ashaya, Niketa, Samvrita, Asamvrita.[7]

Acharya Vagabhatt's list of synonyms includes Srotansi, Sira, Dhamani, Rasavahini, Nadi, Panth, Ayna, Marga, Shariracchidra, Samvrit, Asamvrita, Sthana, Ashyaya and Niketa.[8]

Akrati:[9]

  • According to Acharya Charak, the color of the Srotas is similar to the Dhatu's color as it goes through them.
  • Size: Sthula (macroscopic) and Anu (microscopic).
  • Shape: Vritta (Cylindrical), Dirgha (Long), and Pratana (Reticulated).

Srotomula

Srotomula, also known as Mulam Iti Prabhwsthanam, is the origin of the circulation channels, or Srotas.[10] All of the specific Srotas's operations are governed and controlled by this section.

Classification

Srotāṃsi has been categorized into

  • Bahirmuka (those channels that open to exterior)
  • Antarmukha Srotāṃsi (those channels that do not open to exterior).[11]

Charaka classified the Srotāṃsi into

  • Sthūla (Gross)
  • Aṇu (Subtle)

In Vimāna Sthāna of Charaka Saṃhitā, he has classified the Sthūla Srotāṃsi into 13 types.

They are: Prāṇavaha, Udakavaha, Annavaha, Rasavaha, Raktavaha, Māṃsavaha, Medavaha, Asthivaha, Majjāvaha, Śukravaha, Purīṣavaha, Mūtravaha, and, Svedavaha Srotāṃsi.[12] Suśruta, on the other hand, has explained 11 pairs Sthūla Srotāṃsi.

Suśruta has not included Asthivaha, Majjāvaha and Svedavaha Srotāṃsi, while he has, in addition, has included Ārtavavaha Srotāṃsi.[13]

Udakavaha Srotas

As Human body contains more than 73% of water hence, a product of water. Udakavaha Srotas is one of the Antarmukha Srotas/Sukshma Srotas which carry water and controlling water metabolism.

In general physiology it helps for receiving Ambu Pradhana Dravyas and converts it in to homologus Ambu Dravyas in Shareera.

Moolasthana - Talu and Kloma.

Taalu is the hard palate and Kloma is the controversial organ.

Table 1: Various Acharyas gives various explanation for this organ as given below;

Referred fromResembled to
ChakrapaniHridaya
Vaidhya ShabdhasindhuMasthishka and Puppusa
GaydasRight lateral side of the Hridaya
VagbhataKapha Sthana
SushrutaRight lung is Kloma
Garbha Vyakarana ShariraRight and below of heart
HemadriHrita Dakshinatha
Madhu KoshaSuperior aspect of Vrukka
TodarmallaPhuppusa

Srotodushti

Affliction of Srotas leads to vitiation of the tissue elements residing or passing through them, one's vitiation causes another's to follow suit. Symptoms of vitiation of Srotas are[14]

  • Atiprawritti - excessive flow / over formation. (E.g. Bahumutrata in Prameha).
  • Sanga - obstructed flow. (E.g. athero-thrombotic plaque is responsible for cardiovascular disease.)
  • Siranam Granthi - localized dilation. (E.g. varicose vein, aneurysm of an artery.)
  • Vimargagamanam - out of the course of our own path or Srotas. (E.g. Raktapitt, Chardi).

Trishna Roga

Udakavaha Srotas has Trishna as one of its integrated elements; the term ‘Trish’ which denotes thirst, is the source of the name.


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The term Trish Dhatu denotes a desire, either Lobha or Akansha, is the root of the word Trishna. Trishna is referred to by Acharya Sushruta as Swabhava Bala PravrittaVyadhi.[15] When a person does not feel content after consuming enough water, Trishna Roga appears. Agni and Vata regulate the body's ability to absorb biological fluids, according to Ayurveda. When Vata and Pitta intensify on Nidana Sevana, vitiation spreads to Mutravaha, Udakavaha, and finally Dusti of Rasavaha Srotas. Mukhashosha, which causes the body to lose Rasa and Udaka, is a premonitory indication of Trishna Roga.

Furthermore, Trishna may appear as a side effect in serious diseases like Jwara, Kshaya, Shosha, Prameha, Masurika[16] and Swasa. In Ayurveda, the term "Trishana" can refer to either a pathological or physiological process that appears to preserve the body's fluid equilibrium. Considering Doshik's role Trishna is divided into various categories as Vata, Pitta, Kapha etc.

Udakvaha Srotas and Trishna Roga

Table 2: Comparison of Trishna Roga Nidana with Udakavaha Srotodushti Karana

Udakavaha Sroto Dushti Kaarana[17]UshnaAmaBhayaAtipaanaAtishushkanna SevanaAtipeedana Of TrushnaTrishna Roga Nidana[18,19]Ushna, Kshara, Lavana, KatuAnna, Amla AharaSankshobha, Shoka, KrodhaMadhyapanaRuksha, Shushka AnnaAti LanghanaSurya TapaParishramaGadatichara - related Dhatu Kshaya and inappropriate Vamana

Ama is not mentioned in Trishna Roga Nidana but one might indirectly think of Ama as Trishna Roga Nidana because Dusti of Vata creates Ama and causes Trishna to appear. Like this Bhaya is compared with Sankshobha, Shoka, Krodha. Atipaana as Madhyapana, Atishushkanna Sevana as Ruksha, Shushka Anna Sevana. Atipeedana of Trishna is compared with Surya Tapa, Parishrama, Ati Langhana.

Table 3: Comparison of Lakshana of Udakavaha Srotodushti Lakshana with Trishna Roga Lakshana

Udakavaha Sroto Dushti Lakshana[20]Jivha ShoshaTaalu ShoshaOshta ShoshaKanta ShoshaKloma ShoshaPipasaTrishna Roga Lakshana[21,22,23]MukhashoshaTalu Oshtha Kantha Jihwa KarkashataJihwa- nishkramanaSarvada AmbukamitvamBadiryaDaha, SantapaSammoha, BhramaHridaya-vyathaShramaAnga Sada

Udakavaha Sroto Dushti Lakshana like Jivha Shosha,Taalu Shosha, Oshta Shosha, Kanta Shosha, Kloma Shosha, Pipasa are mentioned as a whole as Mukhashosha, Jihwa Oshtha Kantha Talu Karkashata, Jihwa- Nishkramana, Sarvada Ambukamitvam. Other signs of dehydration due to Dushti of Udakavaha Srotas, which are seen in Trishna Roga are Badirya, Daha, Santapa, Sammoha, Bhrama, Hridaya-vyatha, Shrama, Anga Sada.

Modern view on Trishna Roga

  • Reduced blood pressure diminishes renal perfusion, causing the kidney's granular cells to trigger the reticuloendothelial system with Angiotension II. It activates the hypothalamus, which contains osmoregulators—sensor receptors that sense changes in osmotic pressure. Insufficient water in the body causes a drop in blood pressure. It produces what is known as "Peetam Peetam Jalashoshata" or the sensation of thirst.
  • Saliva production decreases as a result of a rise in plasma osmolarity, or Mukhashosha.
  • When there is a loss of fluid, dehydration results in intracellular acidosis, which inhibits the enzymes involved in glycolysis, decreases the synthesis of ATP, and reduces oxidative phosphorylation. Weakness arises in the body from reduced energy output.
  • In order to keep things in balance, hydration is crucial. In addition to weariness, dehydration resulting in a 2% or greater loss of body mass can cause cognitive impairment, lightheadedness, and mental disorientation.
  • Numerous substances and hormones, such as aldosterone and vasopressin, have an impact on the endo- and peri-lymph of the inner ear. Hypovolemia, which is brought on by dehydration and affects ADH, and a drop in fluid that affects the inner ear's blood supply can result in hearing loss as well as tinnitus.
  • Loss of fluid causes changes in the functioning of the heart muscle; loss of magnesium ions leads to cardiac arrhythmias; and loss of potassium ions produces cardiac ventricular arrhythmias.
  • Dehydration causes waste materials to build up in extracellular fluid, which causes hyperthermia to appear.

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Table 4: Samprapti Ghataka

DoshaPitta and Vata
Dushya Udaka (Ap Dhatu)
Srotas Udakavaha Srotas
Srotodushti LakshanVimargaman
Adhisthan Talu, Kloma etc.
AashayaAamashayotha Vyadhi
Swabhava Aashukaari

Udakavaha Srotas and Mutravaha Srotas

For the Udakavaha Srotas, which regulate the body's water balance and induce disease manifestation, Talu and Kloma are regarded as Moolasthana. The body distributes Rasa due to Moolasthana of Rasavaha Srotas, Rasa Vaha Dhamani, and Hridaya. Udakavaha Srotas vitiation is the cause of Jihwa Shosha, Ostha Shosha, Talu Shosha, Kantha Shosha, Kloma Shosha, and Ati Pravriddam Pipasa. Mutra Kshaya exhibits Pipasa and Mukha Shosha symptoms, while the Mutravaha Srotas Dusti causes obstruction of the urinary tract. Reduction of extracellular fluid results in the release of the enzyme Renin. Angiotensinogen is converted by renin into two different forms: angiotensin I and angiotensin II, which both produce vasoconstriction and elevate blood pressure. Additionally, renin release is restricted, assisting the body in preserving its water and salt balance. Srotas has significance as a result. The symptoms of Trishna and Sadyomarana appear if there is any damage to the Udakavaha Srotas.

Sadyomaranam - Rasa Dusti modifies metabolism, which lowers cardiac output by changing osmotic pressure and decreasing plasma volume. An increase in the creation of nitrogenous waste in the body occurs when body cells do not receive enough nutrients and water, a condition known as "Sadyomaranam" or premature cell death.

Prognosis:

Severity of the Trishna Roga depends on involvement of Udakavaha Srotas. As Acharya explains Pipasa and Sadhyomarana[24] as sign and symptom of injury of Udakvaha Srotas therefore is one of the vital part of the body.

Udakavaha Srotodushti Chikitsa

Trishna Vyadhi Chikitsa is adopted for Udakavaha Sroto Dushti.[25] Trishna Vyadhi is Pitta predominant Vata associated Vyadhi and its treatment includes:

Pittahara Dravya Prayoga like Sharkara, Madhura Dravya (Draksha, Karjoora), Tiktha Dravya. Amla Rasa Dravyas like Matulunga, Vrukshamla, Dadima, Beejapooraka for Tarpanartha.

Pittaharakriya like Sheethatoya Avagaaha, Madhusharkara Yuktha Paana, Abhyanjana, Seka, Grutha Paana, Nasya, Abhyanga. Naaripaya with Sharkara Nasya, Ikshurasa Nasya. Liquid preparation like Peya, Yavaagu, Yusha, Mantha, Paya, Grutha, Ksheera, Snigdha Mamsarasa.

Management of Thirst

A person may experience thirst due to a shortage of intracellular or extracellular fluid volume, which may be brought on by deeply rooted routines, cultural expectations, or psychogenic cravings. In an effort to preserve essential regional blood flows, it triggers the sympathetic nervous system, vasopressin synthesis, stimulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system, and other compensatory responses that either directly or indirectly retain sodium and water or reallocate blood and interstitial fluids. This reduces variations in the volume and composition of bodily fluids.[26]

Thirst is both a pathological condition and a healthy mechanism that aids in the balance of water and electrolytes. One typical symptom of many medical disorders linked to excessive water loss through the lungs is dryness in the lower respiratory tract. It causes variations in the ECF volume's osmolality. As a result, thirst manifests itself. By maintaining the body's electrolyte and water balance, Udakavaha Srotodusti can be controlled.

Management of thirst, particularly in clinical or health settings, involves strategies to alleviate the sensation of thirst and maintain adequate hydration. Here are some key approaches:

  • Adequate Fluid Intake: Ensuring regular intake of water and hydrating beverages is fundamental. The general recommendation is about 8 glasses (2 liters) of water a day, but this can vary based on individual needs, activity level, and environmental conditions.
  • Balanced Diet: Consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can help maintain hydration levels as they contain high water content.
  • Avoiding Dehydrating Substances: Reducing intake of caffeine, alcohol, and high-sugar beverages that can contribute to dehydration.

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  • Monitoring Urine Color: Light-colored urine typically indicates adequate hydration, while dark urine may suggest the need for more fluids.
  • Electrolyte Solutions: In cases where electrolyte imbalances are contributing to thirst, rehydration solutions containing electrolytes can be beneficial.
  • Mindfulness and Relaxation: Stress management and relaxation techniques can help patients manage the perception of thirst, especially in those who are anxious or have a psychological component to their thirst.

Discussion

In Ayurveda, the concept of "Srotas" refers to the various channels or pathways through which substances circulate within the body. These channels are responsible for transporting nutrients, waste products, and other vital elements, ensuring the proper functioning of the body's physiological processes. Udakavaha Srotas specifically pertains to the channels responsible for the transportation and regulation of water within the body. The term ‘Udaka’ means water, and ‘Vaha’ means carrying. Therefore, Udakavaha Srotas can be understood as the water-carrying channels. These channels play a crucial role in maintaining hydration, fluid balance, and the proper distribution of water to tissues and organs. The Udakavaha Srotas are rooted in the Talu (hard palate) and Kloma (controversially identified as the right lung). The dysfunction of these channels, due to factors like diet, emotions, and lifestyle, leads to symptoms such as dryness of the mouth and persistent thirst. This dysfunction is intricately connected to the imbalance of Vata and Pitta doshas. The functioning of Udakavaha Srotas is directly associated with Trishna Roga, or excessive thirst. The vitiation of Udakavaha Srotas is the cause of the pathophysiology of Trishna Roga, which results in symptoms such as chronic thirst and dry lips, throat, and mouth. The degree of Udakavaha Srotas's involvement directly affects how severe Trishna Roga is.

Conclusion

Almost all Udakavaha Srotas Dushti Karana are included in Trishna Roga Nidana. Its Lakshana is seen in all types of Trishna Roga.

More liquid preparations are mentioned in Trishna Roga Chikitsa to restore an imbalance of fluids in the body. In the present situation, the Trishna notion holds significance as it sheds light on the physiological comprehension of the Thirst process. According to Udakavaha Srotas, control over thirst is a function of water balance, and Trishna is said to be the result of altered bodily mechanisms.

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