E-ISSN:2456-3110

Research Article

Atisar

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2024 Volume 9 Number 12 DECEMBER
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Etiopathological and observational survey study of Atisar

Parveen Y1*, Khobragade N2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.9.12.8

1* Yasmeen Parveen, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Roga Nidana Evum Vikriti Vigyana, Shree Npa Govt Ayurved College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

2 Namrata Khobragade, Reader, Dept of Roga Nidana Evum Vikriti Vigyana, Shree Npa Govt Ayurved College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Atisar in modern science is closely correlated with watery diarrhea. According to mythology, Atisar initially originated due to the consumption of Mash (Urad), Tilpishti, and Gomansa (cow meat).[1] Due to their Guru and Ushna Guna, they cause Agnimandya. Some Manasika Doshas, like Bhaya and Shoka, also contribute to the development of Atisar. Krimi is an important causative factor of Atisar. In Ayurvedic science, the main cause of Atisar is Agnimandya, and the main site of Agni is Grahani, which is situated between Amashaya and Pakwashaya. In the condition of Mandagni, the digestion of food particles does not occur completely, leading to the formation of Ama. Ama is considered similar to toxins or pathogens, which are responsible for the etiology of all diseases. Atisar (Diarrhea) is a fairly prevalent condition in modern times. Although Atisar (Diarrhea) seldom poses a threat to health, it can persist and be quite painful. Due to the effects of Western eating habits, poor diets, and mental stress, the incidence of Atisar (Diarrhea) is rising day by day. Understanding the etiopathological and observational aspects of Atisar makes it easier to plan precise management and preventative actions.

Keywords: Atisar, Diarrhea, Agnimandya, Ama, Mandagni, Grahani, Ayurveda

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Yasmeen Parveen, Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Roga Nidana Evum Vikriti Vigyana, Shree Npa Govt Ayurved College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
Email: 		Parveen Y, Khobragade N, Etiopathological and observational survey study of Atisar. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2024;9(12):67-70.
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https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/4126

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2024-11-13 2024-11-23 2024-12-04 2024-12-14 2024-12-24
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None Nil Yes 12.56

© 2024by Parveen Y, Khobragade Nand Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2024;9(12)67
Download PDFBack To ArticleIntroductionObjective of the studyMaterials and MethodsObservationsConclusionReferences
Yasmeen P et al. Etiopathological and observational survey study of Atisar

Introduction

According to Acharya Charka-Nirukti
Ati+ Sru+Nich+ Ach
Ati = Prabhut matra (excessive quantity)
Sru = Saran, gati (Flow)
Atishayen Saaryati Malam eti Atisara

Clinical practise, Diarrhoea is the most often seen disease. Diarrhoea, one of the many lists of gastrointestinal disorders, holds a special place in people's lives since everyone experiences it at least once in their lifetime. Mandagni is the most significant element in the aetiology of Atisara (Diarrhoea).

Ati and Saranam together make to the term Atisara (Diarrhoea), Ati denotes excess, whereas Saranam denotes flow. As a result, Atisar (Diarrhoea) is characterised by the frequent, excessive passing of watery stools via the Guda.

In Brihatryee and Laghutrayee, Atisara (Diarrhoea) is covered in great depth. There is a clear explanation for Nidans, clinical characteristics, and the kind of Atisara (diarrhoea).

The Brihatrayees list six different forms of Atisara (Diarrhoea). Six different varieties of Atisara (Diarrhoea) were mentioned by Acharya Charka, Vagbhata, and Sushruta: Vataja, Pitaja, Kaphaja, Sannipataja, Bhayaja, and Shokaja instead of mentioning the Bhayaja kind of Atisara (diarrhoea), Acharya Sushruta stated the Amaja form.

In addition to adding one more kind each as Raktaja and Bhayaja, Madhava Nidana and Sarangadhara adopted Acharya Sushruta’s interpretation, making a total of seven varieties. Only one type - Jwara Atisara is mentioned in Hareeta Samhita. In his Sidhisthana, Acharya Charka listed 36 different forms of Atisara (Diarrhoea).

Objective of the study

1. To study etiopathogenesis of Atisara according to various Ayurvedic Samhitas.

2. To study the etiopathogenesis of Diarrhoea according to modern science.

3. To prepare special research history sheet based on the classical sign, symptoms of Atisara and do research analysis and present conclusion.

Materials and Methods

Source of data: Literary study and conceptual study related to Atisara were reviewed by referencing supportive literate in Brihtrayees & Laghutrayees other classical Samhitas.

Survey Study: It is a questionnaire-based survey study on 100 patients of Atisara with age group 18-70 yrs.

Study Type: Observational study and Literary analysis

Methodology

For this study, 100 patients of Atisar with age group 18-70 years were selected from the app and IPD of Shri Khudadad Dungaji Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital, Raipur (C.G.) irrespective of religion (Dharma), language (Bhasha), sex (Linga), socioeconomic status.

Procedure of data collection

Interview: A standard interview was conducted which included information of Socio demographic variable age, sex, occupation, religion, marital status behavioural factors like, diet, life style, addiction, etc.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients with classical sign and symptoms of
  • Age should be between 18-70 yrs of either sex.
  • Patients who were willing to participate in study

Exclusion criteria

  • Age group below 30 and above to 70 yrs.
  • Patients who were not willing to participate in this study.
  • Patients of Atisara with any types congenital abnormality.
  • Pregnant women
  • Any Cardiac diseases.
  • Any type of carcinoma or tumors.
  • TB, HIV positive patient
  • Hepatic failure
  • Liver cirrhosis

Assessment criteria


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Yasmeen P et al. Etiopathological and observational survey study of Atisar

Diarrhoea

SNFrequencyofpassingofstool/DayGrade
1.3-4Times/day0
2.5-7Times/dayI
3.7-9Times/dayII
4.12&aboveTimes/dayIII

SNConsistencyofstoolGrade
1.WateryStoolI
2.WateryStoolwithmucousII
3.WateryStoolwithbloodIII

SNColourofstoolGrade
1.PaleYellow0
2.DarkyellowI
3.GreenishII
4.OccultwithBloodIII

SNAbdominalpainGrade
1.Mild(Tolerablebythepatient)0
2.Moderate(twistingpaininabdomenbutnotrollingtype).I
3.Severe(intolerableandrollingtype)II

SNIndigestionGrade
1.Fooddigestswith3hours0
2.Fooddigestswith4-5hoursI
3.IndigestionoccursdailyAftereachmealdoesnothave hungerII
4.NevergethungryalwaysheavinessinabdomenIII

SNWeaknessGrade
1.No Weakness0
2.mild weakness on exertionI
3.Weakness without exertion.II
4.Weakness feeling on heavy exertion exerciseIII

Observations

On the basis of Personal history

1. The max 50% patients were belonging to the age group of 44-57 yrs
2. Max no. of patients i.e. 51% were female.
3. Max 87% patients belong to hindu religion.
4. Max 77% of patients reside in urban area.
5. Max 36% of patients belong to student class.
6. 36%. patients were married.
7. Max 84%. patients belery to middle class.
8. Max 71% patients were non-vegetarian
9. Max 55% patient with irregular bowel habit
10. Max 87% patient were addicted to tea.

On the basis of Nidana Sevana

1. 45% patient were found to consuming Urad
2. 45% patient were found to be consuming 5-7 glasses of water.
3. 68% patient were found to be non-alcoholic.
4. 47% Patient digest their food properly.
5. 38%. Patients were found to be Vegadharna (Suppression of urges).
6. 39% patients were fand to be awake at night (Ratrijagrana).

On the basis of Poorvroopa (prodromal symptoms)

1. 45% patients of Abdominal pain (Kukshi Toda).
2. 65% patients of Weakness (Gatraavsad)
3. 53% patient of Apaanvayu Avorodha were found.
4. 33% Patients of constipation (Mal Pravriti Ka Abhav)
5. 71% patients of Aadhmaan (flatulence)

On the basis of survey study

1. On the basis of frequency of stool, 72% patient were found to be in the 3-4 times/day group.
2. On the basis of colour of stool, 83%. patient were found to be in the pale yellow group
3. On basis of Indigestion, 50% patient were found to be in group of food digests with 4-5 hours.
4. On the basis of abdominal pain, 61% patients were found to be in the group of no abdominal pain.
5. On the basis of weakness, 61%. patients were found to be in the group of no weakness.

Conclusion

Based on the results obtained in this survey study and their analysis, it is concluded that there is Mandagni in Atisara, as described by various Acharyas in the ancient Ayurvedic Samhitas, is observed in the present era, then the symptoms arise in the patients in the same way as described in the Samhitas. All the patients selected for the survey study were found to exhibit the Nidana (causes) of Atisara mentioned in the Samhitas, proving that these descriptions are practical even in modern times. Therefore, the survey study provides useful insights into the knowledge of Mandagni and Lakshana of Atisara.

Acharya Sushrut has mentioned that Nidana Parivarjana (i.e., eliminating the causes that give rise to disease) is main treatment for the disease.


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Yasmeen P et al. Etiopathological and observational survey study of Atisar

In fact, Nidana Parivarjana is the first step in treatment (Chikitsa). To stay healthy in the modern era, it is necessary to follow a proper diet (Aahara), lifestyle (Vihara), sleep (Nidra), daily routine (Dincharya), and seasonal routine (Ritucharya). Additionally, the study concludes that the Pathya Apathya Aahara & Vihara of Atisara Vyadhi mentioned in the Ayurvedic Samhitas are beneficial even in the present era for the prevention of Atisara Vyadhi.

References

1. Kashinath Shastri, Charaka Samhita Vol. 2, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2013, page no. 669

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