Narrative review to unravel the link between symptoms and components of pathogenesis (Samprapti Ghatak) of Tamak Swasa (bronchial asthma)

  • Vaishali Mali Assistant Professor, Department of Samhita-Siddhant, Ch. Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan, Khera Dabar, Najafgarh, New Delhi, India.
  • Pavankumar Mali Chief Medical Officer (NFSG), Directorate of Ayush, Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of NCT of Delhi, India.
Keywords: Samprapti, Lakshan, Ayurved, components of pathogenesis, bronchial asthma

Abstract

Tamak Swasa is a disorder of Pranavaha Srotas. It highly correlates with the clinical picture of bronchial asthma. The non-recognition of Tamak Swasa in the early stages may lead to worsening of symptoms, frequent attacks of Swasa, and decreased quality of life. It is highly essential to recognize the underlining pathology and related Samprapti Ghataka (components of pathogenesis) based on clinical signs and symptoms of asthma. This understanding helps a physician to choose the most appropriate therapeutic approach. This review aims to explain the underlying pathology of symptoms of Tamak Swasa. A literature search was performed referring Bruhatrayee, Laghutrayee, and all other available classical texts of Ayurveda. Published articles were referred to using PubMed and google scholar search. This review analyzed that Vegavastha (exacerbation) and Avegavastha are important milestones of treatment. Identification of involvement of Vata and or Kapha Dosha, Aavaranajanya Samprapti (obstructed pathology), types of Srotodushti (Srotasas are the channels of transportation), deteriorated status of Jatharagni and functionality of Apan Vayu (a subtype of Vata Dosha) found to be vital components of pathogenesis linked with the major symptoms responsible for the manifestation of serious exacerbation stage of Tamak Swasa.   

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Singh RH, Singh G, Sodhi JS, Dixit U. Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya verse01/24. In: Dixit U., Deole Y.S., Basisht G., eds. Charak Samhita New Edition.1st ed. Jamnagar, Ind:CSRTSDC;2020. https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Deerghanjiviteeya_Adhyaya&oldid=39873. Accessed February 11, 2022.

Charak. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.28 Vatavyadhi Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 20. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000. p.617.

Charak. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.28 Vatavyadhi Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 35. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000. p.617.

McFadden, E. R., Kiser, R., & DeGroot, W. J. (1973). Acute Bronchial Asthma. New England Journal of Medicine, 288(5), 221–225. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197302012880501

Ohta K, Tanaka H, Tohda Y, et al. Asthma exacerbations in patients with asthma and rhinitis: Factors associated with asthma exacerbation and its effect on QOL in patients with asthma and rhinitis. Allergol Int. 2019;68(4):470-477. doi:10.1016/j.alit.2019.04.008

Gong H JR. Wheezing and Asthma. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 37. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK358/

Fergeson JE, Patel SS, Lockey RF. Acute asthma, prognosis, and treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(2):438-447. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.054

Dicpinigaitis PV, Lim L, Farmakidis C. Cough syncope. Respir Med. 2014;108(2):244-251. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.10.020

Ashtang Hriday Samhita, Sutrasthan Doshabhedeeyam Adhyayam 12/05. Available from: Astanga Hrdayam (Eng) : Dr. R. Vidyanath : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Charaka Charak. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.17 Hikka-Swasa Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 17. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000. p.533.

Charaka Charak. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.17 Hikka-Swasa Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 45. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000. p.535.

Ashtang Hriday Samhita, Sutrasthan Doshabhedeeyam Adhyayam 12/06. Available from: Astanga Hrdayam (Eng) : Dr. R. Vidyanath : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Charaka Charak. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.28 Vatavyadhi Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 224. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000. p.626.

Antonelli A, Crimi E, Gobbi A, et al. Mechanical correlates of dyspnea in bronchial asthma. Physiol Rep. 2013;1(7):e00166. Published 2013 Dec 8. doi:10.1002/phy2.166

Lougheed M. D. 2007. Variability in asthma: symptom perception, care, and outcomes. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.; 85:149-154

Sushrut Samhita, Uttaratantra, Gulampratishedha adhyaya 42/118-119. Available from: e-Samhita - National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage (niimh.nic.in)

Sushrut Samhita, Uttaratantra, SwasaPratishedha-dhyaya 51/08-10. Available from: https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read. Accessed February 10, 2022.

Deole Y. S. Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya verse33-34. In: Reddy P.S., Deole Y.S., Basisht G., eds. Charak Samhita New Edition. 1st ed. Jamnagar, Ind: CSRTSDC; 2020. https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Naveganadharaniya_Adhyaya&oldid=39339. Accessed February 10, 2022.

Peña F. Neuronal network properties underlying the generation of gasping. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009;36(12):1218-1228. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05301.x

Nathani N. Tasyashiteeya Adhyaya verse33. In: Reddy P.S., Deole Y.S., Basisht G., eds. Charak Samhita New Edition. 1st ed. Jamnagar, Ind: CSRTSDC; 2020. https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Tasyashiteeya_Adhyaya&oldid=39109. Accessed February 10, 2022.

Cruz A, Popov TA, Pawankar R, Annesi-Maesano I, Fokkens W, Kemp J, et al. Interactions between the upper and lower airways in rhinitis and asthma: ARIA update, in collaboration with GA(2)LEN. Allergy. 2007;62(Suppl 84):1–41. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01551

Banner AS, Chausow A, Green J. The tussive effect of hyperpnea with cold air. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985;131:362–367

Larsson K, Tornling G, Gavhed D, Müller-Suur C, Palmberg L. Inhalation of cold air increases the number of inflammatory cells in the lungs in healthy subjects. Eur Respir J. 1998;12(4):825-830. doi:10.1183/09031936.98.12040825

D'Amato M, Molino A, Calabrese G, Cecchi L, Annesi-Maesano I, D'Amato G. The impact of cold on the respiratory tract and its consequences to respiratory health. Clin Transl Allergy. 2018;8:20. Published 2018 May 30. doi:10.1186/s13601-018-0208-9

World Health Organization and World Meteorological Organization. Global climate change and human health: from science to practice. Atlas of Climate Change and Health. 2012. http://www.who.int/globalchange/publications/atlas/report/en/index.html.

Ashtang Hriday. Nidan Sthana, Cha.16 Vatashonit Nidanam Adhyaya verse 20. In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.p.537.

Sushrut Samhita, Sharirsthan, Garbha Vyakaran Sharir-adhyaya 04/25. Available from: https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read&h=phena [[Last accessed on 2021 Jan 02].

Charaka Charak. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.17 Hikka-Swasa Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 55. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000. p.535.

Chakrapani, Charaka Charak. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.17 Hikka-Swasa Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 45. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000. p.535.

Ashtang Hriday. Nidan Sthana, Cha.04 Swasa-Hidhma Nidanam Adhyaya verse 03. In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.p.473

Rao M. Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa Adhyaya verse 08. In: Singh G., Goyal M., Deole Y.S., Basisht G., eds. Charak Samhita New Edition. 1st ed. Jamnagar, Ind: CSRTSDC; 2020. https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Hikka_Shwasa_Chikitsa&oldid=39675. Accessed February 13, 2022.

Ashtang Hriday. Nidan Sthana, Cha.04 Swasa-Hidhma Nidanam Adhyaya verse 04. In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.p.473

How to Cite
Mali, V., & Pavankumar Mali. (2022). Narrative review to unravel the link between symptoms and components of pathogenesis (Samprapti Ghatak) of Tamak Swasa (bronchial asthma). Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 7(2), 44 - 51. Retrieved from https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1650
Section
Review Article