Hypertension in light of Ayurveda - A Review Article
Abstract
Hypertension is most prevalent lifestyle disease in the world today, hypertension poses a challenge to the medical community because it is incurable yet manageable with continuous medication. India is known as the hypertension capital of the world. Due to its chronic nature and associated elevated risk of cardiovascular illnesses, hypertension presents an important issue for the public. It can be said that hypertension is a silent killer because many of its patients go undetected for a long time or are only discovered by accident. A better understanding of the applied physiology and etiopathogenesis of hypertension in the light of Ayurvedic principles is being attempted to fill this gap. In the mild and moderate levels, hypertension cannot be classified as a disease in Ayurveda if there are no specific symptoms. It seems to be an early stage of pathogenesis and a risk factor for the onset of conditions affecting the kidneys, eyes, heart, brain, and other organs. Although essential hypertension is not directly mentioned in Ayurvedic scriptures, disease can be explained using Ayurvedic principles. The cause of hypertension is Raktadushti, which also involves the Tridosha, with a strong vata and pittadosha influence. Here, a real attempt is undertaken to determine the Ayurvedic etiopathogenesis of essential hypertension. The present article is an attempt to throw some light on clinical understanding of Essential Hypertension (EHT) in terms of Ayurveda based clinical symptomatology of the patient along with insight on pathology as per Ayurveda.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Global brief on hypertension. 2013. http://apps. who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79059 /1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2013.2_eng.pdf? ua¼1 [Accessed on 7 July 2017].
Gupta R. Trends in hypertension epidemiology in India. J Hum Hypertens 2004;18:73e8.
Kannel WB. Hypertension: reflections on risks and Prognostication. Med Clin North Am 2009;93(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2009.02.006. 541- Contents.
Chen S. Essential hypertension: perspectives and future directions. J Hypertens 2012;30(1):42e5. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834ee23c.
Nguyen Q, Dominguez J, Nguyen L, Gullapalli N. Hypertension management: an update. Am Health Drug Benefits 2010;3(1):47e56.
Forjaz CLM, Bartholomeu T, Rezende JAS, Oliveira JA, Basso L, Tani G, et al. Genetic and environmental influences on blood pressure and physical activity: a study of nuclear families from Muzambinho, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45(12): 1269e75. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X201200750014 1.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, Edited by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2009; 382: 1.
Dhamle Madhumati. Post Graduate Thesis on the study of Yojana Chatushka of Charaka and Yojana for the management of Raktashrita Vyadhi (hypertension). Department of Basic Principles, Institute of Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda; 2001.
Susruta Samhita of Maharshi Susruta (Vol II) Dalhana Edited by Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan Varanasi Reprint 2008 Sha 4/30 p.104
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, Edited by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2009; 458: 1
Eggeling Julius, Shatpath Brahman, Oxford Clarendon press, 1894.
Carak Samhita of Maharshi Agnivesh with Ayurved Dipika Samskrit commentary Edited by Dr. Laxmidhar Dwivedi, Dr. B. K. Dwivedi &Dr. P.K. Goswami, Part-1, Choukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi Print- 2014 Vi. 5/8 p.832
Carak Samhita, Edited by Dr. Laxmidhar Dwivedi, Dr. B. K. Dwivedi & Dr. P.K. Goswami, Part-1, Choukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi Print- 2013,Su.30/12, p.619
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, Edited by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2009; 1: 777.
Vagbhatt, Vyakhyakar-Kaviraja Atrideva gupt, Ashtang Hridya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, 2007; 160.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, Edited by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2009; 1.
Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shashtri, Sushruta Samhita, Chaukhambha Sanskrit sansthan, 2007; 89: 1.
Vagbhatt, Vyakhyakar-Kaviraja Atrideva gupt, Ashtang Hridya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, 2007; 161.
Chakrapani Commentary, Charak Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, edited by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2009; 1: 251.
Vagbhatt, Vyakhyakar-Kaviraja Atrideva gupt, Ashtang Hridya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, 2007; 91.
Vagbhatt, Vyakhyakar-Kaviraja Atrideva gupt, Ashtang Hridya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, 2007; 92.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2009; 2: 777
Maharishi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, edited by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2007; 2: 50.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 2: 592.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 595.
http://192.168.43.224:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/611_IPGT_KC_2009_Kundu%20 Chittaranjan.pdf.
GAAC_KC_2009_Pravin A Deshmukh.pdf
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 2: 93.
Dhananjya Patel, The role of Manasika Bhavas in the aetio-pathogenesis of Uccha-Rakta-Chapa (hypertension) & its management with Medhya Rasayana and Siro-Dhara.
Dhananjya Patel, The role of Manasika Bhavas in the aetio-pathogenesis of Uccha-Rakta-Chapa (hypertension) & its management with Medhya Rasayana and Siro-Dhara.
Carak Samhita of Maharshi Agnivesh with Ayurved Dipika Samskrit commentary Edited by Dr. Laxmidhar Dwivedi, Dr. B. K. Dwivedi &Dr. P.K. Goswami, Part-1, Choukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi Print- 2013 Su 24/5-10 p.427
Carak Samhita of Maharshi Agnivesh with Ayurved Dipika Samskrit commentary Edited by Dr. Laxmidhar Dwivedi, Dr. B. K. Dwivedi &Dr. P.K. Goswami, Part-1, Choukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi Print- 2013 Su 21/4 p.401
The Medical clinics of North America, Essential Hypertension, 1997; 1: 815-1097.
Vagbhatt, Vyakhyakar-Kaviraja Atrideva gupt, Ashtang Hridya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, 2007; 5.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 2: 27.
Maharishi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2007; 1: 134.
http://192.168.225.22:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/611_IPGT_KC_2009_Kundu%20Chi ttaranjan.pdf
http://192.168.225.22:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/611_IPGT_KC_2009_Kundu%20Chi ttaranjan.pdf
SN Chug, Textbook of medicine, Arya publication, 2012; 252.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 301.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 328.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 551.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 553.
Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita. Dipika commentary of Chakrapanidatta, edited by VaidyaJadavajiTrikamaji Acharya, 5th edition, Varanasi Chaukhamba publications 2001,p.144
http://192.168.225.22:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/611_IPGT_KC_2009_Kundu%20Chi ttaranjan.pdf
Susruta, Nibandhasangraha commentary by Dalhana, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamaji Acharya, 7th edition, Chaukhamba publications 2002, p.741
http://192.168.225.22:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/98_IPGT_KC_2003_Patel%20Dhana njay.pdf
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 301.
http://192.168.225.22:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/611_IPGT_KC_2009_Kundu%20Chi ttaranjan.pdf
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 278.
Maharishi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2007; 1: 83.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 279.
Astanga Hrdayam of Srimadvagbhata, Edited by Dr. Bramhanand Tripathi, Chaukhamb Sanskrit Pratishthan Delhi, Reprint-2009, su.4/22 p.58
Caraka Samhita of Maharshi Agnivesh with Ayurved Dipika Samskrit commentary Edited by Dr. Laxmidhar Dwivedi, Dr. B. K. Dwivedi & Dr. P.K. Goswami, Part-1, Choukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi Print- 2013 Su 24/5-10 p.427
http://192.168.225.22:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/611_IPGT_KC_2009_Kundu%20Chi ttaranjan.pdf
http://192.168.225.22:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/98_IPGT_KC_2003_Patel%20Dhananjay.pdf
Dalhan commentary, Maharishi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2007; 1: 21 - 10.
http://192.168.225.22:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/611_IPGT_KC_2009_Kundu%20Chittaranjan.pdf
SN Chug. textbook of medicines, Arya publications, 2012; 254.
SN Chug. textbook of medicines, Arya publications, 2012; 254.
Maharishi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2007; 1: 71.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 269.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 232.
http://192.168.225.22:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/98_IPGT_KC_2003_Patel%20Dhana njay.pdf
Maharishi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2007; 1: 35.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 269.
Maharishi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2007; 1: 59.
http://192.168.225.22:4001/sites/default/files/thesis/98_IPGT_KC_2003_Patel%20Dhana njay.pdf
Maharishi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2007; 1: 37.
Dalhan commentary, Maharishi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2007; 1: 59
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 302.
SN Chug. Textbook of medicines, Arya publications, 2012; 253.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 302.
SN Chug. Textbook of medicines, Arya publications, reprint, 2012; 254.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 273.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 240.
Maharishi Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2007; 60: 1.
Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, with elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary by Pt. Kashinatha Pandey edited by Dr. Gangasahaye Pandeya, Published by Chaukhambha Bharathi Academy, Varanasi, 2006; 1: 302
Copyright (c) 2024 Manan Dilipbhai Gajera, Nikhila Ranjan Nayak, Aradhana Kande
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) retains the copyright of the contents of this journal but grant the readers the right to use the contents with terms and conditions under a creative common attribution licenses 4 of Attribution, Share Alike and Non-commercial type (CC BY-NC-SA) that allows copy, distribute, display, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
