Kushtha in Ayurveda a comprehensive study

Abstract

The skin is the most visible and presentable part of the body, playing a significant role in one’s personality. It acts as a mirror, reflecting internal health conditions. As the largest organ of the body, the skin covers a surface area of about 1.8 square meters and accounts for approximately 18% of total body weight. Skin diseases, while manifesting physically, often lead to significant psychological distress, causing discomfort, disfigurement, disability, and in some cases, even death. Changes in skin color are frequently indicative of homeostatic imbalances within the body. The health of the skin is influenced by a variety of interrelated factors, including nutrition, hygiene, circulation, age, immunity, genetic predispositions, psychological state, and medication use. In modern society, the prevalence of fast food consumption and irregular sleep patterns has contributed to the emergence of "Viruddha Aahara Janya Vyadhi," or diseases caused by incompatible dietary habits. As a result, a significant portion of the population experiences skin problems. The skin is considered a combination of the five great elements (Pancha Mahabhutas), with Vayu (air) being the most significant. Sparsh Pareeksha (examination by touch) is also included as one of the eight diagnostic tools in Ashtavidha Pareeksha. Common skin conditions like eczema, acne, blisters, melanoma, age spots, and pemphigus are discussed under the broader category of Kushtha in Ayurvedic literature. All forms of Kushtha are classified into two categories: Maha Kushthas (major skin diseases) and Kshudra Kushthas (minor skin diseases).