Conceptual understanding of Madya (Alcohol) as a Nidana for Mananovikara (Psychological Disorders) w.s.r. to Alcohol Use Disorders

Abstract

Substance use disorder is a critical issue affecting individuals and society. While commonly seen in adolescence, it spans in all age groups and genders, contributing to psychological disturbances. Among substance, Alcohol is widely used due to its availability, making it a major psychoactive substance globally. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is characterized by a complex array of behavioral and physical manifestations, including symptoms such as depression, interpersonal conflicts, insomnia, withdrawal, increased tolerance and persistent cravings. As of 2024, the WHO estimates that approximately 400 million people globally are living with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol, referred to as Madya, is classified as an intoxicating substance that when consumed excessively, disrupts the equilibrium of both the Shareerika and Manasika Dosha. Acute intoxication resulting from alcohol consumption primarily affects the mind, which is believed to vitiate the Manoguna with the Hridaya serving as the locus for this disturbance. This imbalance is thought to manifest in psychological disorders, particularly those driven by desires and negative emotions such as Kama, Krodha, Mana, Lobha and Shoka. Chronic and inappropriate use of alcohol exacerbates these effects, leading to significant adverse consequences across various domains of life including occupational, social, physical and mental well-being. The psychological ramifications of alcohol use are often as profound as its physiological effects, underlining the need for a comprehensive understanding of alcohol’s role in the etiology of mental health disorders with particular emphasis on AUD. This article seeks to explore the intricate relationship between Madya and the manifestation of psychological disturbances, offering a nuanced perspective on the intersection of substance use and mental health.