An Anatomico-Physiological review of the Uttara Guda and Adhara Guda w.s.r. to the concept of defecation
Abstract
Ayurveda is the sea of knowledge and to get a pearl from it, we should wear a ‘diving suit of curiosity’ and make deep dive. The cause of our diving is to curiosity about the human body part called Guda (ano-rectum). We elaborate how it is correspond to ano-rectum in modern anatomy. On the basis of literature review we also elaborate the two terminologies i.e. Uttara Guda (distal rectum) and Adhara Guda (anal canal), which seems to be the functional division of Guda (ano-rectum). The function of Uttara Guda (distal rectum) and Adhara Guda (anal canal) are compared with the particular parts of ano-rectum to simplify the exact anatomy of these parts.
Downloads
References
Radhakant Dev, Sabda Kalpdruma, Naag Publication; Reprint 1988; Vol-2, p.338
Amarasimha; Amarakosha, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan Varanasi; Reprint 2006; kaand-2,varga-6, p.293
Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Ayurveda – Tattva - Sandipika Hindi commentary; edited by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri; Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint 2010; Sharira Sthana,4th chapter, 26 and 27th verse, p.41
Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha with Ayurveda, Vidyotini Hindi commentary, edited by Dr. Gorakha Nath Chaturvedi and Pt. Kasinatha Shastri ; Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi; Reprint 2015; Sharira Sthana, chapter 7th, 10th verse, p.913
Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Ayurveda – Tattva - Sandipika Hindi commentary, edited by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri; Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint 2010; Sharira Sthana, chapter 9th, 7th verse, p.14
Ashtanga Hridaya of Acharya Vagbhata with Vidyotini Hindi commentary, edited by Atrideva Gupta, Chaukhamba Publication, Varanasi, Reprint 2015; Nidana Sthana, chapter 9th, 1st verse, p.340
Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha with Ayurveda Vidyotini Hindi commentary, edited by Dr. Gorakha Nath Chaturvedi and Pt. Kasinatha Shastri ; Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi; Reprint 2015; Chikitsa Sthana, chapter 14th, 6 verse, p.417
Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Ayurveda – Tattva - Sandipika Hindi commentary, edited by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri; Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint 2010; nidana Sthana, chapter 2nd, 5th Verse, p.307
Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Ayurveda – Tattva - Sandipika Hindi commentary, edited by Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri; Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint 2010; Sharira Sthana, chapter 2nd, 5 to 8th verse, p.307
Ashtanga Hridaya of Acharya Vagbhata with Vidyotini Hindi commentary, edited by Atrideva Gupta, Chaukhamba Publication, Varanasi, Reprint 2015; Nidana Sthana, chapter 7th, 5th verse, page no.331
Bhava Prakasha Samhita of Acharya Bhava Mishra with Vidyotini Hindi commentary, edited by Shri Harihar Prasad Pandey; Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 3rd edition; Purva Khand, chapter 3rd, 91th verse, p.29
Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha with Ayurveda Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, edited by Dr. Gorakha Nath Chaturvedi and Pt. Kasinatha Shastri ; Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi; Reprint 2015; Sharira Sthana, chapter 1st, 26th verse, p.807
Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha with Ayurveda:Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, edited by Dr. Gorakha Nath Chaturvedi and Pt. Kasinatha Shastri ; Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi; Reprint 2015; Chikitsa Sthana, chapter 28th, 11 verse, p.778
Bhel Samhita of Acharaya Bhela; Hindi commetary edited by Shri Girijadyalu Shukla, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varansi; Reprint 1999; Sharira Sthana, chapter 7th, 4th verse; page no.90
Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha with Ayurveda Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, edited by Dr. Gorakha Nath Chaturvedi and Pt. Kasinatha Sastri ; Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi; Reprint 2015; Sharir Sthana, chapter 3rd, 6th verse, p.855
Charaka Samhita by Agnivesha with Ayurveda Dipika Ayushi Hindi Commentary, edited by Vd. Harish Chandra Singh Kushwaha, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varansi; Reprint 2016; Sharir Sthana, chapter 7th, 10th verse; p.847
Peter j Lunniss, Gastrointestinal tract, in: Susan standring, editor. The anatomical basis of clinical practice; 41th edition, Elsevier Publication: U.S.A., 2016, p.1146-1157
Michael d. Levin, The role of the external anal sphincter in the physiology of the pelvic floor, Pelviperineology, 2017;36(3):24-29
Peter j Lunniss, Gastrointestinal tract, in: Susan standring, editor. Gray’s anatomy, The anatomical basis of clinical practice; 41th edition, Elsevier Publication: U.S.A., 2016, p.1158
Arthur C. Guyton and john E. hall. Guyton and hall: Textbook of medical physiology, 12th edition. U.S.A. Elsevier publication, 2006.
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) retains the copyright of the contents of this journal but grant the readers the right to use the contents with terms and conditions under a creative common attribution licenses 4 of Attribution, Share Alike and Non-commercial type (CC BY-NC-SA) that allows copy, distribute, display, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.